Modelling of Informal Settlement Growth with Satellite Data in Latakia City,Syria

Abstract

Due to social, economic and political reasons, informal settlements are considered as a challenging problem in the third world countries. These create problems to the society and to the local government. The present study aims to discuss informal settlements of Latakia city (Syria) during 1970 and 2005 using satellite data. Where based on all the information available, until today the present study is the first one carried out in Syria concerning the development of informal settlements. In this study, we put a headline to solve the informal settlement problem in Latakia city by achievement 4 goals: • INCORPORATION: This goal requires that the inhabitants of an informal settlement are recognized as full citizens of the city, town or village with which they are associated.• IMPROVEMENT: This goal requires an integrated approach to development, that seeks to meet the most important needs of the whole community. It also requires that those needs and priorities are determined by all the stakeholders. The choice of strategies also requires an inclusive process that takes all factors into account. • DEVELOPMENT: The vital elements of this goal are the provision of opportunities and encouragement. • PLANNING: This goal includes, Anticipate the future. Identification and addressing the implications for the informal settlements in a comprehensive manner. We suggested 4 guiding principles to achieve the previous goals: • Integration: Considering the informal settlements as a part of the whole city, is a very important point in the integration process. • Participation: Participation of people and groups of people with the local authority effectively in a process. • Communication: communication is the exchange of thoughts, messages, information and meeting between people and the authority. • Minimum relocation: is to provide the people with opportunities to stay and settle, because every move is disruptive and costly. Also in the present study, dynamics of change in land use/land cover and their impact have been studied. The satellite data (Landsat, IRS, and CORONA) have been used. This study shows significant classes (Trees, Grass, Buildings, Water, Vacant, Roads) in the land use/land cover which are found to change significantly during 1970 and 2005. Also rapid growth of informal settlements have been observed. Remote sensing images have been handled using GIS system to visualize the dynamics of the changes in land use/land cover. Finally the physical situation of the informal settlement has been studied and has been organized in three categories (Good, Medium and bad).

Keywords

• Syria; Informal Settlements; Change Vector Analysis; Post Classification

-

Öz

Uğur TUZTAŞI, A Historiographic Analysis of Idealized Turkish House Idea. Yrd. Doç.Dr. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü, Sivas. eposta: [e-mail]

Anahtar Kelimeler

• -

References

1. Abbott, J . ITC Sessions 22 – 26 March 2004. Informal Settlement Upgrading.
2. Abdalla, N. 2001. “Socio-economic Dimensions of the Habitation Problem. Syrian Economic Society”.
3. Barry, M. Rüther, H: “Data Collection and Management for Informal Settlements Upgrades”. International Conference on Spatial Information for Sustainable Development. Nairobi, Kenya 2–5 October 2001.
4. Buchroithner, M.(1997). Multimediale Kartographie, “Data Integration und Information Fusion”. Karographische Schriften. 2/1997: 31-35.
5. Cohen, W.B. Fiorella, M., Gray, G., Helmer, E. Anderson,K. (1998). “An efficient and accurate method for mapping forest clearcuts in the Pacific Northwest using Landsat imagery”. Photo grammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 64: 293-300.
6. European Environment Agency, European Commission/Joint Research Centre, “Urban sprawl in Europe. The ignored challenge”, EEA Report No 10/2006.
7. Foody, G. M. (2001). “Monitoring the Magnitude of Land-Cover Change around the Southern Limits of the Sahara”. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 67(7): 841-847.
8. Geun-Won Yoon. Young Bo Yun, Jong-Hyun Park. (2003). “Change Vector Analysis: Detecting of areas associated with flood using Landsat” TM. Spatial Information Technology Center, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 161 Gajeong-dong, Yusong-Gu, Daejon, 305-350, KOREA.

9. Groß, D. (2003). “Development of a semi-automated approach to map wetland changes in (semi)arid regions, using satellite data”.
10. Jensen, J. R. (1981). “Urban Change Detection Mapping Using Landsat Digital Data”. The American Cartographer, 8(2):127- 147.
11. Jensen, J.R ., D. L. Toll. (1982). “Detecting Residential Land-Use Development at the Urban Fringe”. Photo grammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 48(4): 629-643.
12. Hayes, D.J., Sader, S. A. (2001). “Change Detection Techniques for Monitoring Forest Clearing and Regrowth in a Tropical Moist Forest”. Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Misc. Publications, 2463.
13. Kraus, K., (1999). “Photogrammetry”, Volume II, Ümmler, Bonn.
14. Lambin, E. F., Strahler, A.H. (1994). “Change-vector analysis in multitemporal space: a tool to detect and categorize land- cover change processes using high temporal-resolution satellite data”. Remote Sensing of Environment 48: 231-244.
15. Malila, W. A. (1980). “Change vector analysis: An approach for detecting forest changes with landsat”. In Machine Processing Engineering & Remote Sensing 65(11): 1303-1310.
16. Pamuk, A. (2006) . “Mapping Global Cities. GIS Methods in Urban Analysis”.
17. Payne G (ed.) (1999), “Making Common Ground: Public-private partnerships in land for housing”, Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd, London.
18. Salih Dafalla Mohamed, M. (2006). Mapping Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover Using Remote Sensing and GIS North Kordofan State, Sudan”.
19. Singh, A. (1989). “Digital change detection techniques using remotely-sensed data”. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 10: 989-1003. State Planning Commission in Syria. http://www.planning.gov.sy/en/index.php
20. UNCHS (1996). “New Delhi Declaration”, Global conference on access to land and security of tenure as a condition for sustainable shelter and urban development. New Delhi, 17- 19 January, 1996.
21. UNCHS (Habitat). (1995). “Monitoring the shelter sector. Housing Indicators review”. Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements.
22. United Nations Conference on Environment & Development Rio de Janerio, Brazil, 3 to 14 June 1992
23. United Nations: AGENDA 21
24. Wesmiller, R. A., S. J. Kristof, D. K. Scholz, P. E. Anuta, and S. A. Momin. (1977). “Change Detection in Coastal Zone Environments”*, Photo grammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 43(12): 1533-1539.
25. Wickware, G. M., Howarth P. J. (1981). “Change Detection in the Peace-Athabasca Delta Using Digital Landsat Data”. Remote Sensing of Environment, 11: 9-25.
26. Winkler, M. (2002). “GIS – based, comparative analysis of the development of five European cities Bilbao – Bratislava – Dresden – Lyon – Palermo”.
27. Yuan, D. Elvidge,C (1998). “NALC Land Cover Change Detection
28. Pilot Study”: Washington D.C Area Experiments. Remote Sensing
29. of Environment, 66: 166-178. RESUME