Terörle Mücadelede Somali Örneği: El-Şebab Terör Örgütü

Şeyda Öcal Arslan

doi:10.25272/icps.1769261

TR EN

Terörle Mücadelede Somali Örneği: El-Şebab Terör Örgütü

Abstract

2006 yılında El-Kaide ile bağlantılı olarak ortaya çıkan El-Şebab, Somali'de teokratik bir hükümet kurmayı hedeflemektedir. Örgüt, gerilla savaşı, intihar saldırıları ve bombalı eylemler gibi çeşitli terör taktikleri kullanarak hem Somali'de hem de Doğu Afrika'da büyük bir tehdit oluşturmuştur. Bundan dolayı da Somali, El-Şebab terör örgütünün yarattığı ciddi güvenlik tehditleriyle mücadele etmektedir. Örgütün terör eylemlerinin Mogadişu gibi büyük şehirlerde sivilleri hedef alarak ciddi kayıplara yol açmasının yanı sıra komşu ülkeler Kenya ve Uganda'yı da etkilemiş ve uluslararası güvenlik kaygılarına neden olmuştur. İç savaşın yaratmış olduğu kıtlık ve terörün son bulması adına tarihsel süreçte Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından önce UNOSOM-I ve UNOSOM-II müdahaleleri başlatılmış ve bu müdahaleler sonuç vermeyince Afrika Birliği Misyonu (AMISOM), Arfika Birliği Geçiş Misyonu (ATMIS) ve 1 Ocak 2025 yılı itibarıyla Afrika Birliği Destek ve İstikrar Misyonu (AUSSOM) ile Somali hükümetine destek vererek El-Şebab ile mücadelede önemli askeri operasyonlar yürütülmüştür. Ancak örgütün yerel halkla kurduğu bağlar, coğrafi avantajları ve dinamik stratejileri, mücadeleyi zorlaştırmaktadır. Ayrıca, Somali'nin siyasi istikrarsızlığı ve iç çatışmalar da etkili bir terörle mücadele stratejisi geliştirilmesini engellemektedir. Çalışma sonucu göstermektedir ki El-Şebab tehdidiyle başa çıkmak, sadece askeri müdahalelerle değil, aynı zamanda siyasi istikrar, ekonomik kalkınma ve toplumsal uyumun güçlendirilmesiyle mümkündür. Somali'de terörle mücadelede ulusal ve uluslararası aktörlerin koordineli çabaları, ülkenin geleceği için kritik öneme sahiptir.

Keywords

Counterterrorism in the Case of Somalia: The al-Shabaab Terrorist Organization

Abstract

Emerging in 2006 with connections to Al-Qaeda, Al-Shabaab aims to establish a theocratic government in Somalia. The organization poses a significant threat both in Somalia and East Africa by employing various terrorist tactics such as guerrilla warfare, suicide bombings, and explosive attacks. Consequently, Somalia faces severe security threats caused by Al-Shabaab's actions. The group's terrorist activities have not only resulted in substantial civilian casualties in major cities like Mogadishu but have also impacted neighboring countries Kenya and Uganda, raising international security concerns. In response to the famine and terrorism exacerbated by the civil war, the United Nations initiated interventions with UNOSOM I and UNOSOM II. When these efforts failed to produce results, significant military operations were carried out with the support of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) and the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) to assist the Somali government in combating Al-Shabaab. However, the organization's ties with the local population, geographical advantages, and adaptive strategies complicate the counterterrorism efforts. Furthermore, Somalia's political instability and internal conflicts hinder the development of an effective counterterrorism strategy. The study indicates that overcoming the threat posed by Al-Shabaab requires not only military interventions but also the enhancement of political stability, economic development, and social cohesion. Coordinated efforts by national and international actors are crucial for the future of Somalia in the fight against terrorism.

Keywords

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Peace Studies, International Foundation

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Şeyda Öcal Arslan ^*
0000-0003-3235-2169
Türkiye

Publication Date

July 24, 2026

Submission Date

August 20, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 26, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 12 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.25272/icps.1769261

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA76EY79NT

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Öcal Arslan, Ş. (2026). Terörle Mücadelede Somali Örneği: El-Şebab Terör Örgütü. Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.25272/icps.1769261

AMA

1.Öcal Arslan Ş. Terörle Mücadelede Somali Örneği: El-Şebab Terör Örgütü. Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2026;12(1). doi:10.25272/icps.1769261

Chicago

Öcal Arslan, Şeyda. 2026. “Terörle Mücadelede Somali Örneği: El-Şebab Terör Örgütü”. Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi 12 (1). https://doi.org/10.25272/icps.1769261.

EndNote

Öcal Arslan Ş (July 1, 2026) Terörle Mücadelede Somali Örneği: El-Şebab Terör Örgütü. Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi 12 1

IEEE

[1]Ş. Öcal Arslan, “Terörle Mücadelede Somali Örneği: El-Şebab Terör Örgütü”, Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, July 2026, doi: 10.25272/icps.1769261.

ISNAD

Öcal Arslan, Şeyda. “Terörle Mücadelede Somali Örneği: El-Şebab Terör Örgütü”. Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi 12/1 (July 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.25272/icps.1769261.

JAMA

1.Öcal Arslan Ş. Terörle Mücadelede Somali Örneği: El-Şebab Terör Örgütü. Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2026;12. doi:10.25272/icps.1769261.

MLA

Öcal Arslan, Şeyda. “Terörle Mücadelede Somali Örneği: El-Şebab Terör Örgütü”. Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, July 2026, doi:10.25272/icps.1769261.

Vancouver

1.Şeyda Öcal Arslan. Terörle Mücadelede Somali Örneği: El-Şebab Terör Örgütü. Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2026 Jul. 1;12(1). doi:10.25272/icps.1769261

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For authors with the same surname, the first letter of the name is also used to avoid confusion:
(E. Wilson, 2001; L. Wilson, 1998)
If two or more works of the same author published in the same year are cited; the letters (a, b, c) are used after the year:
According to the study of Ertaş(2017a) (...)
Footnotes and endnotes
In APA writing style, the use of footnotes and endnotes is not preferred. Therefore, as few footnotes as possible should be used. A footnote should be used only when a very essential explanatory note is required.
Important note:
The APA recommends using "&" instead of "and" in citation and bibliography. However, since the symbol "&" is not used in place of "and" in Turkish, the symbol "&" should not be used when citing texts written in Turkish and when writing bibliography.
Also, when citing texts with more than three authors, the APA “et al.” (Kernis et al., 1993) recommends its use. However, in Turkish, "et al." instead of “et al.” (Kernis et al., 1993) should be used.
However, if the work submitted to the UPAD journal for evaluation is prepared in English, in these texts, the "&" symbol instead of "and" and "et al." Must be used
20. All references cited in the text of the article should be cited in the bibliography, references not cited should not be included in the bibliography. The bibliography should be started on a new page and should be arranged alphabetically according to the surnames of the authors. If there are many sources by the same author in the bibliography section, the sources should be written in order from oldest to newest date. Page numbers of articles in journals and reviews should be specified.
In the bibliography, the format rules exemplified below should be followed.

Display of Books
Single Author Book
Baltagi, B. H. (2005), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., West Sussex, England.
Book with Two Authors
Asteriou, D. & Hall, S. G. (2007), Applied Econometrics: A Modern Approach Using Eviews and Microft Revisted Edition, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
Multi-Author Book
Gürdal, T., Nurullah A., Metin K., & Nevran K. (2006), Financial Management, Audit and Accrual Based Accounting Practices in Local Governments, Denizyıldız Yay., Ankara.
Article
Single Authored Article
Savaşan, F. (2003), “Modeling the Underground Economy in Turkey: Randomized Response and MIMIC Models”, The Journal of Economics, XXIX, 1, p.49-76.
Two Authored Article
Gürdal, T., & Yavuz H. (2009), "Effectiveness of Exceptions in the Field of Corporate Tax: The Case of Sakarya”, Tax Report, No: 115, pp.12-22.
Multi-Author Article
Görmüş, Ş., Bülent G., & Sevcan G. (2011), “Determinant of Stock Market Return Correlation: An Extended Gravity Model Approach”, International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences, Volume: 1, Issue:4, p .298-312.
Editorial Book
Gürdal, T. (2009), "Central Government Budget Practices and Comparative Analysis in Turkey for the Period 2000-2007", Transformation in Public Finances in the Process of Globalization, Editor/s: Aytaç Eker and H. A. Şimşek, Ministry of Finance, Strategy Development Presidency Pub. , Ankara.
MSc Doctoral Thesis Screenings
Ak, M. Z. (2009), Main Determinants of Foreign Direct Investments in Developing Countries, Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, T.C. Sakarya University Institute of Social Sciences, Sakarya.
National and International Papers
Saruc, N.T. (2011), "Financing of Higher Education as a Semi-Public Good and Perceived Fairness of Financing Methods: Sakarya University Stakeholder Views", International Higher Education Congress: New Trends and Problems, 27-29 May, Istanbul.
Aktifoğlu, F., & Cengizhan Y. (2012), “A Comparative Analysis of Educational Indicators of OECD and EU Countries”, BlueBlackSea International Congress Sakarya University, Sakarya.
Reports
OECD, (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development), (2011), OECD Education At A Glance 2011.
Saygılı, Ş., Cengiz C., & Yavan, Z. A. (2006), Education and Sustainable Growth Turkey Experience, Risks and Opportunities, TÜSİAD Growth Strategies Series No: 7, Publication No. TÜSİAD-T/2006-06-420, Istanbul.
Electronic Journal and News Article
News
“Why did Israel withdraw from Gaza?”, Deutsche Welle, 17 August 2005. https://www.dw.com/tr/israil-gazzeden-neden-%C3%A7ekildi/a-2524058 (Accessed on 22 October) 2020).
Analysis
Çalışkan, B. “The Troubled Federated Structure of Russia”, Anadolu Agency, 25 March 2020. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/analiz/rusya-nin-sorunlu-federe-yapisi/1778656 (Access Date : 22 October 2020).
Encyclopedia Article
Oztuna, Y. (1969). "Itri", Turkish Music Encyclopedia. 2 volumes. MEB State Books, Istanbul.
Dictionaries
gerrymander (2003). Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (11th Edition). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster's. In Text: (Gerrymander, 2003)
Meeting
Arroyo, Gloria Macapagal. (2003). A time for Prayer. Interview with Michael Schuman. time. July 28, 2003. Accessed Jan. 13, 2004, http://www.times.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,471205.00.html
Official newspaper
[In-text citation: The Seventh Five Years …, 1999)]
Seventh Five-Year Development Plan 1996-2000. (1995). T.R. Official Gazette (22354, 25 July 1995).
Internet Broadcasts
WIID, (World Income Inequality Database), (2005), United Nations University-World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNIWIDER), http://www.wider.unu.edu/research/Database/en_GB/wiid/, 25.02. 2012.
PISA (Programme for International Student Assesment), www.pisa.oecd.org, 15.06.2012

International Journal of Political Studies is a peer-reviewed and academic journal that publishes studies in social sciences such as Public Administration, Political Science, International Relations, Sociology, History, Philosophy and Psychology.

Our journal uses the double-blind peer-review system. It is published electronically three times a year, in April, August and December.

Articles to be sent to our journal should be submitted with the user account opened through DergiPark. No fee is charged for the articles published in our journal.

Cases such as name similarities, surname changes, names containing Turkish letters, different spellings, changes in institutions can cause problems in the publication/citation searches made on behalf of the author. In this respect, it is important for researchers to obtain an identifying identity/number (ID). For this reason, our journal requests ORCID numbers from authors. You can get the ORCID number from www.orcıd.org.

Publication Ethics

While establishing the ethical duties and responsibilities below, they have been prepared as open access, taking into account the guidelines and policies published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
Ethical Responsibilities of Authors
The publication processes implemented in the International Journal of Political Studies are the basis for the development and distribution of information in an impartial and respectful manner. Accordingly, the author(s) who submit a study to our journal are expected to comply with the following ethical responsibilities:
*The works submitted by the author(s) are expected to be original. If the author(s) benefit from or use other works, they are required to cite and/or cite completely and accurately.
*People who do not contribute to the content intellectually in the creation of the work should not be specified as the author.
* All studies submitted for publication, if any, situations that may constitute a conflict of interest and their relations should be explained.
* Raw data can be requested from the author(s) regarding their articles within the framework of the evaluation processes, in such a case the author(s) should be ready to present the expected data and information to the editorial board and scientific committee.
*Author(s) must have a document showing that they have the right to use the data used, the necessary permissions for the research/analysis, or the consent of the experimented subjects.
*In the event that the author(s) notices an error or mistake regarding his/her published, early view or evaluation work, he/she has an obligation to cooperate with the editor in informing, correcting or withdrawing the journal editor or publisher.
*Authors cannot have their work in the application process of more than one journal at the same time. Each application can be started following the completion of the previous application. A study published in another journal cannot be sent to the International Journal of Political Studies.
*It cannot be proposed to change the author responsibilities of a work whose evaluation process has begun (such as adding an author, changing the order of authors, removing an author).
Ethical Duties and Responsibilities of Editors
Editors are responsible for every publication published in the International Journal of Political Studies. In the context of this responsibility, editors have the following roles and responsibilities:
Making efforts to meet the information needs of readers and authors, Ensuring continuous improvement of the journal, Carrying out processes to improve the quality of the studies published in the journal, Supporting freedom of thought, Ensuring academic integrity, Continuing business processes without compromising intellectual property rights and ethical standards, Correction, show openness and transparency in terms of publication on matters that require disclosure.
Relations with the reader
Editors should make decisions by considering the knowledge, skills and experience expectations of all readers, researchers and practitioners. It should be careful that the published studies contribute to the reader, researcher, practitioner and scientific literature and that they are original. In addition, editors are obliged to consider the feedback from readers, researchers and practitioners, and to provide explanatory and informative feedback.
Relations with authors
The duties and responsibilities of the editors to the authors are as follows:
Editors should make a positive or negative decision based on the importance, original value, validity, clarity of the narrative, and the journal's goals and objectives. Studies that are suitable for the scope of publication should be taken to the preliminary evaluation stage as long as they do not have serious problems. Editors should not ignore positive referee suggestions unless there is a serious problem with the study.

New editors should not change the decisions made by the previous editor(s) regarding the studies unless there is a serious problem. The "Blind Refereeing and Evaluation Process" must be published and the editors must prevent possible deviations from the defined processes. Authors should be informed and returned in an explanatory and informative way.
Relations with referees
The duties and responsibilities of the editors towards the referees are as follows:
The referees should be determined in accordance with the subject of the study. It is responsible for providing the information and guides that the referees will need during the evaluation phase. It has to consider whether there is a conflict of interest between the authors and the referees. In the context of blind refereeing, the identity of the referees should be kept confidential.
It should encourage reviewers to evaluate the work in an impartial, scientific and objective language. It should determine practices and policies that increase the performance of referees. He should take the necessary steps to dynamically update the referee pool. It should prevent rude and unscientific evaluations. Steps should be taken to ensure that the referee pool consists of a broad spectrum.
Editorial and blind peer review processes
Editors; is obliged to implement the "Blind Refereeing and Evaluation Process" policies included in the journal's publication policies. In this context, the editors ensure that the fair, impartial and timely evaluation process of each work is completed.
Quality assurance
Editors; is responsible for publishing every article published in the journal in accordance with journal publication policies and international standards.
Protection of personal data
Editors; is obliged to ensure the protection of personal data regarding the subjects or images included in the evaluated studies. Unless the explicit consent of the individuals used in the studies is documented, they are responsible for refusing the study. In addition, editors; The author is responsible for protecting the individual data of the referees and readers.
Ethics committee, human and animal rights
Editors; It is responsible for ensuring the protection of human and animal rights in the evaluated studies. Ethics committee approval for the subjects used in the studies is responsible for refusing the study in the absence of permission for experimental research.
Precaution against possible misconduct and misconduct
Editors; is obliged to take precautions against possible abuse and misconduct. It is among the responsibilities of the editor to share the relevant findings, as well as to conduct a rigorous and objective investigation regarding the identification and evaluation of complaints regarding this situation.
Ensuring academic publication integrity
Editors should ensure that judgments containing errors, inconsistencies or misdirection in studies are promptly corrected.
Protection of intellectual property rights
Editors; is obliged to protect the intellectual property rights of all published articles and to defend the rights of the journal and the author(s) in case of possible violations. In addition, the editors are obliged to take the necessary measures so that the contents of all published articles do not violate the intellectual property rights of other publications.
Political and Commercial Concerns
The journal owner, publisher and no other political or commercial factors affect the editors' independent decision making.
conflicts of interest
Editors; takes into account the conflicts of interest between the author(s), referees and other editors, and ensures that the publication process of the studies is completed in an independent and impartial manner.
Ethical Responsibilities of Referees
Reviewers who evaluate studies for the International Journal of Political Studies are expected to have the following ethical responsibilities: Only studies related to their field of expertise should accept evaluation. It should evaluate with impartiality and confidentiality. If he thinks he is facing a conflict of interest during the evaluation process, he should refuse to review the study and inform the journal editor. In accordance with the principle of confidentiality, they should destroy the studies they have examined after the evaluation process. They can only use the final versions of the studies they have reviewed after they are published. It should make the evaluation objectively only in relation to the content of the study. Nationality, gender, religious beliefs, political beliefs and commercial concerns should not be allowed to influence the evaluation. The assessment should be made in a constructive and courteous manner. Do not make derogatory personal comments that include hostility, slander and insults. They must perform the work they accept to evaluate on time and with the above ethical responsibilities.
Publisher's Ethical Responsibilities
The Editors and Editorial Board of the International Journal of Political Studies act with the awareness of the following ethical responsibilities:
Editors are responsible for all processes of studies submitted to the International Journal of Political Studies. In this context, the decision makers are the editors, regardless of economic or political gains. It undertakes to create an independent editorial decision. It protects the property and copyright of every article published in the International Journal of Political Studies and undertakes to keep a record of every published copy. It has the responsibility to take precautions against all kinds of scientific abuse, citation fraud and plagiarism regarding the editors.

If You Encounter an Unethical Situation
If you encounter any unethical behavior or content other than the above-mentioned ethical responsibilities and content in the International Journal of Political Studies, please notify us via e-mail to pesapolitikarastirmalar@gmail.com.