ILLEGAL FISHERY IN AFRICA AND THE RECOMMENDATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF TURKEY-AFRICA RELATIONS

Abstract

The fishery industry which is offering livelihood for approximately 820 million people in the World, has a significant importance for developing countries such as Turkey and African countries. However, illegal fishing, particularly in Africa, has a negative impact on security of African sountries in various respects as well as on global trade. There is a need for co-operation at local, regional and global levels for the fight against illegal fisheries of African countries, which already have fragile structures and crises. Turkey, who is in developing relations with Africa in recent years,  can be an important actor in the fight against illegal fishing and ensuring security in the region.

Keywords

• fishery,illegal fishery,African fishery,combating illegal fishery,Turkey-Africa Relations

AFRİKA'DA YASADIŞI BALIKÇILIK VE TÜRKİYE-AFRİKA İLİŞKİLERİ BAĞLAMINDA ÖNERİLER

Abstract

Dünyada yaklaşık 820 milyon kişiye geçim kaynağı sağlayan balıkçılık endüstrisi, Türkiye ve Afrika ülkeleri gibi gelişmekte olan ülkeler için önemli bir öneme sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, özellikle Afrika'daki yasadışı balık avcılığının, Afrika ülkelerinin güvenliği ve küresel ticaret üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri mevcuttur. Zaten kırılgan yapıları ve krizleri olan Afrika ülkelerinin yasadışı balık avcılığıyla mücadelede yerel, bölgesel ve küresel düzeyde işbirliğine ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar. Son yıllarda Afrika ile ilişkilerini geliştiren Türkiye, yasadışı balıkçılık ile mücadelede ve bölgede güvenliği sağlamada önemli bir aktör olabilir.

Keywords

• Balıkçılık,Yasadışı Balıkçılık,Türkiye-Afrika İlişkileri,Afrika Balıkçılığı,Yasadışı Balıkçılıkla Mücadele

References

1. Africa Europe Faith and Justice Network (2016), “Illegal Fishing: Extracting Wealth from West-African Waters”, 10 Aug 2016, http://aefjn.org/en/illegal-fishing-extracting-wealth-from-west-african-waters/, Access Date: 22.04.2018.
2. Bossche, Vanden, J-P., Garry M. Bernacsek (1990), Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Sayı.1, 1990, Food & Agriculture Organisation.
3. Coelho, Joaao Paulo Borges (2013), “African Approaches To Maritime Security: Southern Africa”, Friedrich Ebert Foundation Mozambique Offfice Report, 2013.
4. Dahir, Abdi Latif (2017), “West Africa loses over $2 billion to illegal fishing because governments don’t talk to each other”, Quartz Africa, 8 May 2017, https://qz.com/africa/978203/illegal-fishing-costs-west-africa-2-3-billion-annually-and-collaboration-between-governments-is-the-only-way-to-stop-it/, Access Date: 22.04.2018.
5. Daniels, lfonso Miren Gutiérrez and others (2016), “Western Africa’s Missing Fish”, Por Causa Report, June 2016.
6. European Commission (2018), “Illegal fishing (IUU)”, https://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/illegal_fishing_en, Access Date: 26.07.2018
7. European Parliament Policy Department Structural and Cohesion Policies (2014), “Illegal, UnreportedandUnregulated Fishing: Sanctions in The EU”, Study Report, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2014/529069/IPOL_STU(2014)529069_EN.pdf, Access Date: 22.04.2018.
8. FAO (2016), “Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing”, 16069E/1/09.16, http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6069e.pdf, Access Date: 22.04.2018.

9. FAO (2017), “FAO Support to The WTO Negotiations At The 11th Ministerial Conference in Buenos Aires”, Trade Policy Briefs, No.28, October 2017, http://www.fao.org/3/a-i8003e.pdf, Access Date: 22.04.2018.
10. FAO (2018a), “Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing”, http://www.fao.org/iuu-fishing/en/, Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2018.
11. FAO (2018b), Decent Rural Employment, “Fisheries and aquaculture”, http://www.fao.org/rural-employment/agricultural-sub-sectors/fisheries-and-aquaculture/en/, Access Date: 22.04.2018.
12. Government of Liberia and FAO (2012), “Liberia: 2012-2015”, Country Programming Framework, October 2012, Monrovia, Liberia, http://coin.fao.org/coinstatic/cms/media/14/13505800013300/fao_cpf_liberia_signed.pdf, Access Date: 22.04.2018.
13. Graaf, Gertjan de and Luca Garibaldi (2014), “The Value of African Fisheries”, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular, No. 1093, http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3917e.pdf, Access Date: 22.04.2018.
14. Greenpeace International (2018), “Chinese companies see subsidies cancelled and permitsre moved for illegal fishing in West Africa”, 9 March 2018, https://www.greenpeace.org/international/press-release/15209/chinese-companies-see-subsidies-cancelled-and-permits-removed-for-illegal-fishing-in-west-africa/, Access Date: 22.04.2018.
15. Hazar, Numan (2008), “Türkiye’nin Afrika’ya Açılımı”, Strategic Analysis, Volume 9, Number 99, July, Ankara.
16. ISSF, “ISSF and IUU a Holistic Approach to Combating Illegal Fishing” (2018), https://iss-foundation.org/what-we-do/areas-of-focus/illegal-fishing/, Access Date: 08.08.2018.
17. IUCN (2017), “Over fishing threatens food security off Africa’s western and central coast as many fish species in the region face extinction”, IUCN report,19 Jan. 2017, https://www.iucn.org/news/secretariat/201701/overfishing-threatens-food-security-africa%E2%80%99s-western-and-central-coast-many-fish-species-region-face-extinction-%E2%80%93-iucn-report, Access Date: 22.04.2018.
18. Metian, Albert Tacon Marc (2009), “Fishing For Aquaculture: Non-Food Use Of Small Pelagic Forage Fish—A Global Perspective”, Reviews in Fisheries Science, Number:17, Volume:3.
19. Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock Ministry (2018), “Fisheries statistics”, August 2018, https://www.tarim.gov.tr/sgb/Belgeler/SagMenuVeriler/BSGM.pdf, Access Date: 22.05.2018.
20. Nincic, Donna (2009), “Maritime piracy in Africa: The humanitarian dimension”, African Security Studies, Number: 18, volume:3.
21. Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Foresty (2009), “Fisheries, Sustainability and Development”, Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Foresty 2009 Report.
22. Sarıözkan, Savaş (2016), “Türkiye’de Balıkçılık Sekötrü ve Ekonomisi”, Turkish Journal pf Aquatic Sciences, 31(1).Schbley, Ghassan William Rosenau (2013), “Piracy, Illegal Fishing, and Maritime Insecurity in Somalia, Kenya, and Tanzania”, CNA Report.
23. Standing, Andre (2017), “Criminality in Africa’s Fishing Industry: A Threatto Human Security”, Africa Center for Strategic Studies, sayı:33, Haziran 2017
24. The World Bank (2018), “Africa Program for Fisheries”, http://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/africa-program-for-fisheries, Access Date: 22.04.2018.
25. Transparency International (2014), “Corruption Perceptions Index 2014: Results”, https://www.transparency.org/cpi2014/results, Access Date: 22.04.2018.
26. World Ocean Review (2013), “Illegal fishing”, WOR 2, The Future of Fish-The Fisheries of the Future, https://worldoceanreview.com/en/wor-2/fisheries/illegal-fishing/, Access Date: 23.04.2018.