HOBBES’ , ROUSSEAU’S, AND MADISON’S VIEWS OF FACTION AND SOLUTIONS THEY OFFER

Abstract

This study analyzes Hobbes’, Rousseau’s, and Madison’s views on the problem of faction and their solutions for it. Although all of them consider factions as posing danger to social order, peace, and political regime, each one offers different solution for it. Hobbes’ solution is to ban factions, which stems from his authoritarian state model. As a Republican thinker Rousseau offers to turn all selfish individuals into citizens in a unified political entity with general will. As a liberal thinker Madison’s solution is to manipulate factions to prevent dangers they pose to social order, peace, and political system.

Keywords

• Democracy
• Public Interest
• Civil Society
• Faction
• Hobbes
• Rousseau
• Madison

HOBBES, ROUSSEAU VE MADİSON’UN HİZİP ANLAYIŞLARI VE SUNDUKLARI ÇÖZÜMLER

Abstract

Bu çalışmada hizip/fraksiyon sorununu, modern dönemde her birisi farklı bir devlet modeli öneren Hobbes, Rousseau ve Madison’un nasıl anladığı ve sundukları çözümler aktarılıp
karşılaştırılmaktadır. Üç düşünür de hizipleri ve hizipçiliği benzer şekilde tanımlayıp kamusal hayat ve siyasal rejim için tehlikeli görmekle birlikte çözüm önerilerinde birbirlerinden farklılaşırlar. Hobbes yasaklama, Rousseau aşma, Madison ise etkisizleştirme çözümü teklif eder. Hobbes’un çözümü otoriter devlet modeli, Rousseau’nun çözümü Klasik Cumhuriyetçilik modeli, Madison’un çözümü ise liberal devlet modeli çerçevesinde şekillenir. 

Keywords

• Demokrasi
• Kamu Menfaati
• Sivil Toplum
• Hizip
• Hobbes
• Rousseau
• Madison

References

1. Ashcraft, R. (1978), “Ideology and Class in Hobbes' Political Theory”, Political Theory, 6(1): 27-62.
2. Boyd, R. (2001), “Thomas Hobbes and the Perils of Pluralism”, The Journal of Politics, (63)2: 392-413.
3. Chambers, S. ve Kopstein, J. (2001), “Bad Civil Society, Political Theory”, 29(6): 837-865.
4. Conniff, J. (1975), “On the Obsolescence of the General Will: Rousseau, Madison, and the Evolution of Republican Political Thought”, The Western Political Quarterly, 28(1): 32-58.
5. Dagger, R. (1981), “Understanding the General Will”, The Western Political Quarterly, (34)3: 359-371.
6. Erler, Edward J. (1981). “The Problem of the Public Good in The Federalist", Polity, 13(4): 649-667.
7. Gauss, Gerald. F. (2003), Contemporary Theories of Liberalism: Public Reason as a Post-Enlightenment Project. SAGE Publications, London.
8. Hamilton, A., Madison, J. ve Jay, J. (2009), The Federalist Papers, Ed. Michael A. Genovese, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.

9. Heinrichs, T. (1984), “Hobbes and the Coleman Thesis”, Polity, (16)4: 647-666.
10. Hobbes, T. (1995), Leviathan, Çev. Semih Lim, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul.
11. Kalyvas, A. ve Katznelson, I. (2006), “The Republic of the Moderns: Paine's and Madison's Novel Liberalism”, Polity, 38(4): 447-477.
12. Kauffman, Craig M. (2010), “Democratization”, Encyclopedia of Political Theory, Ed. Mark Bevir. SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks.
13. Kymlicka, W. (2007), “Community and Multiculturalism”, A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy, Ed. Robert E. Goodin, Philip Pettit ve Thomas Pogge, Blackwell, Oxford.
14. McDowell, Gary L. (1993), “Private Conscience and Public Order: Hobbes and The Federalist", Polity, 25(3): 421-443.
15. Putnam, Robert D. (2000), Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, Simon & Schuster, New York.
16. Rousseau, J. J. (1994), Toplum Sözleşmesi. Çev. Vedat Günyol. İstanbul: Adam Yayınları.
17. Rousseau, J. J. (2018), İnsanlar Arasındaki Eşitsizliğin Temeli ve Kökenleri, Çev. Elif Yıldırım, Oda Yayınları, İstanbul.
18. Rousseau, J. J. (2018), Bilimler ve Sanatlar Üzerine Söylev. Çev. Sabahattin Eyüboğlu, İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul.
19. Schuck, Peter H. (1997), “Against (and for) Madison: An Essay in Praise of Factions”, Yale Law and Policy Review, 15(2): 553-597.
20. Warner, John M. (2015), Rousseau and the Problem of Human Relations, PSU Press, University Park. Weiner, G. (2017), “After Federalist No. 10”, National Affairs, 33.
21. Zagorin, P. (2003), “Republicanism”, British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 11(4), 701–714.