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Sahraaltı Afrika’da Bağımsızlık Sonrası Devlet İnşası, Siyasi İstikrar ve Devlet Kapasitesinin Güçlendirilmesi: Gine-Bissau Örneği

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 54 - 67, 16.01.2016
https://doi.org/10.25272/j.2149-8539.2015.1.1.05

Abstract

Çalışmada, Sahraaltı Afrika’nın küçük devletleri arasında yer alan ve sıklıkla “zayıf” veya “kırılgan” devlet kavramlarıyla birlikte anılan Gine-Bissau’da devlet ve ulus inşası ile devlet kapasitesinin geliştirilmesi meseleleri seçilmiş diğer Afrika ülkelerinden oluşturulan karşılaştırmalı veri setlerinden yola çıkılarak incelenmiştir. Böylece Gine-Bissau’nun bağımsızlık sonrası devlet inşası ve devlet kapasitesinin güçlendirilmesine ilişkin tecrübelerinin özgün yönleri ile seçilen diğer Sahraaltı Afrika ülkeleriyle olan benzerlikleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Veri setlerinin oluşturulmasında çeşitli uluslararası indekslere başvurulmuş ve veriler betimleyici bir analiz ile yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın ulaştığı temel sonuç, ulusal entegrasyonunu nispeten sağlayabilmiş bir ülkede askeri darbeler, suikastlar ve yolsuzlukla desteklenen siyasi istikrarsızlığın devlet inşası ve devlet kapasitesini güçlendirme politikalarını olumsuz etkilediği; seçilmiş hükümetlerin politikalarını oluştururken ve uluslararası donörlerin yardımlarını planlarken önceliği bu sorunların çözümüne vermelerinin önemli olduğudur.

References

  • African Union (2013), Country Profile: Guinea Bissau, http://www.au.int/en/sites/default/files/Giunea%20Bissau%20Web%20Profile.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2015.
  • Andrews, Matt, Roger Hay ve Jerrett Myers (2010), Governance Indicators Can Make Sense: UnderFive Mortality Rates Are An Example, Faculty Research Working Paper Series, Harward Kennedy School of Government, No: RWP10-015.
  • Aguilar, Renato ve Asa Stenman (1997), Guinea-Bissau: From Structural Adjustment to Economic Integration”, Africa Spectrum, 32, 1, p. 71-96.
  • Fistein, David (2011), How A Succesful Social Revolution Can Become An Obstacle to Subsequent State-Building”, The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 44, 3, p. 443-455.
  • Forest, Joshua B. (1987), “Guinea-Bissau since Independence: A Decade of Domestic Power Struggles”, Journal of Modern African Studies, 25, 1, p. 95-116.
  • Fukuyama, Francis (2005), Devlet İnşası: 21. Yüzyılda Dünya Düzeni ve Yönetişim, Remzi Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • http://www.maps.com/ref_map.aspx?pid=12065, Erişim Tarihi: 12.07.2015.
  • Kjaer, Anne Martin (2014), “Debate on Governance in Africa: En Emerging Political Economy Paradigm”, Edt.: Mudacumra, Gadeon M. ve Göktuğ Morçöl, Chalanges to Democratic Governance in Developing Countries, Springer, New York, s. 19-35.
  • Kohl, Christoph (2010), “National Integration in Guinea-Bissau since Independence”, Cadernos de Estudos Africanos, 20, p. 87-109.
  • Kohnert, Dirk (2009), Democratisation via Elections in n African ‘Narco State’? The Case of GuineaBissau, MPRA Paper, No: 23352.
  • Kovsted, Jens ve Finn Trap (2003), “Reconstruction, Reform, and State Capacity in Guinea-Bissau”, Edt: Tony Addison, From Conflict to Recovery in Africa, Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 206229.
  • Lindner, Samira (2014), Overview of Corruption and Anti-Corruption in Guinea-Bissau, Transparency International Anti-Corruption Helpdesk, http://www.transparency.org/files/content/corruptionqas/Country_profile_Guinea_Bissau_2014.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2015.
  • Moss, Todd, Gunilla Pettersson ve Nicolas van de Walle (2006), An Aid-Institutions Paradox? A Review Essay on Aid Dependency and State Building in Sub-Saharan Africa, Center for Global Development, Working Paper, No 74.
  • Poggi, Gianfranco (2011), Devlet: Doğası, Gelişimi ve Geleceği, Çev. Aysun Babacan, Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Tanzi, Vito (t.y.), “Devletin Rolü ve Kamu Sektörünün Kalitesi”, Çev. Özgür Saraç, http://canaktan.org/yonetim/toplam_kalite/kamuda-toplam-kalite/tanzi-sarac-devletinrolu.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 16.06.2015.
  • Temudo, Marina Padrão (2009), “From the Margins of the State to the Presidential Palace: The Balanta Case in Guinea-Bissau”, African Studies Review, 52, 2, p. 47-67.
  • Thies, Cameron G. (2009), “National Design and State Building in Sub-Saharan Africa”, World Politics, 61, 04, p. 623-669.
  • Thomas, M. A. (2010), “What Do the Worldwide Governance Indicators Measure?”, European Journal of Development Research, 22, p. 31-54.
  • Tilly, Charles (1975), “Reflections on the History of European State-Making”, Edt.: Charles Tilly, Formation of National States in Eastern Europe, Princeton: Princeton University Press, s. 3-83.
  • UNDP, Human Development Reports, http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi, Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2015.
  • Weber, Max (2003), Sosyoloji Yazıları, Çev. Taha Parla, 5. Baskı, İletişim Yayınları, Ankara.
  • WB, World Bank (2015), Public Sector Strenghtening Project, No: PAD1197, http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDS Content Server/WDSP/IB/2015/03/10/000333037_20150310124915/Rendered/PDF/PAD11670PAD0P1010B ox385443B00OUO090.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 12.07.2015.
  • WGI, Worldwide Governance Indicators, http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#home, Erişim Tarihi: 06.06.2015.

State-Building, Political Stability, and Empowerment of the State Capacity In Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case Of Guinea-Bissau

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 54 - 67, 16.01.2016
https://doi.org/10.25272/j.2149-8539.2015.1.1.05

Abstract

This study examines
Guinea-Bissau, which is one of the smallest countries located in Sub-Saharan
Africa and mostly labeled as “weak” or “fragile” state, in terms of state and
nation-building and improvement of state capacity through analyzing several
data sets that are derived from a pattern of elected African states. The aim of
this study is to grasp the intrinsic characteristics of Guinea-Bissau’s
experience on state-building and empowerment of state capacity, and reveal the
similarities between different states of the Sub-Saharan Africa. We gathered
the data sets from various international indexes and we did our analysis in a
descriptive way. We draw a conclusion that in a country like Guinea-Bissau who
have a relatively integrated society, political instability that is fortified
by military coups, assassins, and corruption effects state-building efforts and
state capacity reform in a negative manner. In line with that conclusion, elected
governments of Guinea-Bissau and international donors should consider this fact
while designing development policies and plans.

References

  • African Union (2013), Country Profile: Guinea Bissau, http://www.au.int/en/sites/default/files/Giunea%20Bissau%20Web%20Profile.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2015.
  • Andrews, Matt, Roger Hay ve Jerrett Myers (2010), Governance Indicators Can Make Sense: UnderFive Mortality Rates Are An Example, Faculty Research Working Paper Series, Harward Kennedy School of Government, No: RWP10-015.
  • Aguilar, Renato ve Asa Stenman (1997), Guinea-Bissau: From Structural Adjustment to Economic Integration”, Africa Spectrum, 32, 1, p. 71-96.
  • Fistein, David (2011), How A Succesful Social Revolution Can Become An Obstacle to Subsequent State-Building”, The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 44, 3, p. 443-455.
  • Forest, Joshua B. (1987), “Guinea-Bissau since Independence: A Decade of Domestic Power Struggles”, Journal of Modern African Studies, 25, 1, p. 95-116.
  • Fukuyama, Francis (2005), Devlet İnşası: 21. Yüzyılda Dünya Düzeni ve Yönetişim, Remzi Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • http://www.maps.com/ref_map.aspx?pid=12065, Erişim Tarihi: 12.07.2015.
  • Kjaer, Anne Martin (2014), “Debate on Governance in Africa: En Emerging Political Economy Paradigm”, Edt.: Mudacumra, Gadeon M. ve Göktuğ Morçöl, Chalanges to Democratic Governance in Developing Countries, Springer, New York, s. 19-35.
  • Kohl, Christoph (2010), “National Integration in Guinea-Bissau since Independence”, Cadernos de Estudos Africanos, 20, p. 87-109.
  • Kohnert, Dirk (2009), Democratisation via Elections in n African ‘Narco State’? The Case of GuineaBissau, MPRA Paper, No: 23352.
  • Kovsted, Jens ve Finn Trap (2003), “Reconstruction, Reform, and State Capacity in Guinea-Bissau”, Edt: Tony Addison, From Conflict to Recovery in Africa, Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 206229.
  • Lindner, Samira (2014), Overview of Corruption and Anti-Corruption in Guinea-Bissau, Transparency International Anti-Corruption Helpdesk, http://www.transparency.org/files/content/corruptionqas/Country_profile_Guinea_Bissau_2014.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2015.
  • Moss, Todd, Gunilla Pettersson ve Nicolas van de Walle (2006), An Aid-Institutions Paradox? A Review Essay on Aid Dependency and State Building in Sub-Saharan Africa, Center for Global Development, Working Paper, No 74.
  • Poggi, Gianfranco (2011), Devlet: Doğası, Gelişimi ve Geleceği, Çev. Aysun Babacan, Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Tanzi, Vito (t.y.), “Devletin Rolü ve Kamu Sektörünün Kalitesi”, Çev. Özgür Saraç, http://canaktan.org/yonetim/toplam_kalite/kamuda-toplam-kalite/tanzi-sarac-devletinrolu.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 16.06.2015.
  • Temudo, Marina Padrão (2009), “From the Margins of the State to the Presidential Palace: The Balanta Case in Guinea-Bissau”, African Studies Review, 52, 2, p. 47-67.
  • Thies, Cameron G. (2009), “National Design and State Building in Sub-Saharan Africa”, World Politics, 61, 04, p. 623-669.
  • Thomas, M. A. (2010), “What Do the Worldwide Governance Indicators Measure?”, European Journal of Development Research, 22, p. 31-54.
  • Tilly, Charles (1975), “Reflections on the History of European State-Making”, Edt.: Charles Tilly, Formation of National States in Eastern Europe, Princeton: Princeton University Press, s. 3-83.
  • UNDP, Human Development Reports, http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi, Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2015.
  • Weber, Max (2003), Sosyoloji Yazıları, Çev. Taha Parla, 5. Baskı, İletişim Yayınları, Ankara.
  • WB, World Bank (2015), Public Sector Strenghtening Project, No: PAD1197, http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDS Content Server/WDSP/IB/2015/03/10/000333037_20150310124915/Rendered/PDF/PAD11670PAD0P1010B ox385443B00OUO090.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 12.07.2015.
  • WGI, Worldwide Governance Indicators, http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#home, Erişim Tarihi: 06.06.2015.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Özer Köseoğlu

Braima Djamanca This is me

Publication Date January 16, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Köseoğlu, Ö., & Djamanca, B. (2016). Sahraaltı Afrika’da Bağımsızlık Sonrası Devlet İnşası, Siyasi İstikrar ve Devlet Kapasitesinin Güçlendirilmesi: Gine-Bissau Örneği. Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 54-67. https://doi.org/10.25272/j.2149-8539.2015.1.1.05

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