KUŞLARDA KLİNİK MUAYENE VE SAĞALTIM AŞAMASINDA KULLANILAN ENJEKTABL ANESTEZİK VE ANALJEZİKLER

Ali Bilgili

doi:10.52538/iduhes.1162398

KUŞLARDA KLİNİK MUAYENE VE SAĞALTIM AŞAMASINDA KULLANILAN ENJEKTABL ANESTEZİK VE ANALJEZİKLER

Abstract

Veteriner Hekimler kuşlarda tam fiziksel muayene, tanı, tıbbi ya da cerrahi sağaltımı gerçekleştirmek için anestezi uygulamaya gereksinim duyarlar. Ayrıca Veteriner Hekimler trakeal rezeksiyon, hava kesesi rezeksiyonu, hava kesesi ile ilişkili pneumotik kemiklerin fikzasyonu gibi ameliyatlarda enjektabl anestezik ve analjezikleri yaygın şekilde kullanırlar. Enjektabl anestezisinin düşük maliyet, hızlı ve kolay uygulama ve daha az ekipman avantajları vardır. Bazı anesteziklerin antogonistlerinin elde edilebilir olması saha koşullarında avantajlar da sağlayabilir. Kuşlarda anestezi öncesinde acil bir durum gelişmesine karşı alınacak tedbirler, anestezi protokolü, anestezi sırasında dikkat edilecek hususlar, acil durumlarda uygulanacak önlemler ve uyanma sırasında alınacak tedbirler hakkında da bilgiler verildi. Ayrıca anestezik amaçla yaygın şekilde kullanılan lokal anestezikler, benzodiazepinler, dissosiyatif anestezikler, tiletamin+zolezepam, alfa-adrenerjik agonistler, propofol ve antikolinerjik ilaçlar ve analjezi amacıyla yaygın şekilde kullanılan opioitler ve nonsteroit antiinfamatuvar ilaçların türlere göre etkileri hakkında bilgiler verildi.

Keywords

References

Referans1 Aliansyah, E., Chng, H. T., & Xie, S. (2021). A Critical review of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of opioid medications used in avian patients. Birds, 3(1), 1-28.
Referans2 Baert, K., Nackaerts, J., & De Backer, P. (2002). Disposition of sodium salicylate, flunixin, and meloxicam after intravenous administration in ostriches (Struthio camelus). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 16(2), 123-128.
Referans3 Bitencourt, E. H., Padilha, V. S., Lima, M. P. A. D., Beier, S. L., Moraes, A. N. D., & Oleskovicz, N. (2013). Efeitos sedativos da associação de Cetamina e Midazolam administrados pela via intranasal ou intramuscular em papagaio (Amazona aestiva e Amazona vinacea). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 33, 1125-1129.
Referans4 Carpenter, J. W., & Marion, C. J. (2012). Exotic Animal Formulary, 4th edn, Elsevier Saunders: St Louis.
Referans5 Ceulemans, S. M., Guzman, D. S. M., Olsen, G. H., Beaufrère, H., & Paul-Murphy, J. R. (2014). Evaluation of thermal antinociceptive effects after intramuscular administration of buprenorphine hydrochloride to American kestrels (Falco sparverius). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 75(8), 705-710.
Referans6 Cole, G. A., Paul-Murphy, J., Krugner-Higby, L., Klauer, J. M., Medlin, S. E., Keuler, N. S., & Sladky, K. K. (2009). Analgesic effects of intramuscular administration of meloxicam in Hispaniolan parrots (Amazona ventralis) with experimentally induced arthritis. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 70(12), 1471-1476.
Referans7 Curro, T. G., Brunson, D. B., & Paul‐Murphy, J. (1994). Determination of the ED50 of isoflurane and evaluation of the isoflurane‐sparing effect of butorphanol in cockatoos (Cacatua spp.). Veterinary Surgery, 23(5), 429-433.
Referans8 Desmarchelier, M., Troncy, E., Fitzgerald, G., & Lair, S. (2012). Analgesic effects of meloxicam administration on postoperative orthopedic pain in domestic pigeons (Columba livia). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 73(3), 361-367.

Referans9 Dijkstra, B., Guzman, D. S. M., Gustavsen, K., Owens, S. D., Hass, C., Kass, P. H., & Paul-Murphy, J. R. (2015). Renal, gastrointestinal, and hemostatic effects of oral administration of meloxicam to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 76(4), 308-317.
Referans10 Escalante, G. C., Balko, J. A., & Chinnadurai, S. K. (2018). Comparison of the sedative effects of alfaxalone and butorphanol-midazolam administered intramuscularly in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 32(4), 279-285.
Referans11 Forbes, N. A. (1991). Birds of prey. In: Beynon PH, Cooper JE (eds). Manual of Exotic Pets. Cheltenham, UK, British Small Animal Veterinary Association.
Referans12 Gaggermeier, B., Henke, J., Schatzmann, U., Erhardt, W., & Korbel, R. T. (2003). Investigations on analgesia in domestic pigeons (C. livia) using buprenorphine and butorphanol. Proceedings of the European Association of Avian Veterinarians, 70-73.
Referans13 Gandomani, M. J., Tamadon, A., Mehdizadeh, A., & Attaran, H. R. (2009). Comparison of different ketamine-xlazine combinations for prolonged anaesthesia in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). VetScan, 4(1), 21-23.
Referans14 Gandomani, M. J., Ghashghaii, A., Tamadon, A., Attaran, H. R., Behzadi, M. A., & Javdani, Z. (2011). Comparison of anaesthetic effects of ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-diazepam combination in budgerigar. Vet Scan/ Online Veterinary Medical Journal, 6(1), 81.
Referans15 Gunkel, C., & Lafortune, M. (2005). Current techniques in avian anesthesia. In Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine,14(4), 263-276.
Referans16 Guzman, D. S. M., Flammer, K., Paul-Murphy, J. R., Barker, S. A., & Tully, T. N. (2011a). Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol after intravenous, intramuscular, and oral administration in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 25(3), 185-191.
Referans17 Guzman, D. S. M., KuKanich, B., Keuler, N. S., Klauer, J. M., & Paul-Murphy, J. R. (2011b). Antinociceptive effects of nalbuphine hydrochloride in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 72(6), 736-740.
Referans18 Guzman, D. S. M., Souza, M. J., Braun, J. M., Cox, S. K., Keuler, N. S., & Paul-Murphy, J. R. (2012). Antinociceptive effects after oral administration of tramadol hydrochloride in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 73(8), 1148-1152.
Referans19 Guzman, D. S. M., Drazenovich, T. L., Olsen, G. H., Willits, N. H., & Paul-Murphy, J. R. (2013). Evaluation of thermal antinociceptive effects after intramuscular administration of hydromorphone hydrochloride to American kestrels (Falco sparverius). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 74(6), 817-822.
Referans20 Guzman, D. S. M., Drazenovich, T. L., Olsen, G. H., Willits, N. H., & Paul-Murphy, J. R. (2014). Evaluation of thermal antinociceptive effects after oral administration of tramadol hydrochloride to American kestrels (Falco sparverius). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 75(2), 117-123.
Referans21 Guzman, D. S. M., Houck, E. L., Knych, H. K. D., Beaufrère, H., & Paul-Murphy, J. R. (2018). Evaluation of the thermal antinociceptive effects and pharmacokinetics after intramuscular administration of buprenorphine hydrochloride to cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 79(12), 1239-1245.
Referans22 Guzman, D. S. M., Douglas, J. M., Beaufrère, H., & Paul-Murphy, J. R. (2020). Evaluation of the thermal antinociceptive effects of hydromorphone hydrochloride after intramuscular administration to orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 81(10), 775-782.
Referans23 Guzman, D. S. M., & Beaufrère, H. (2021). Chapter 28. Avian Pain Management and Anesthesia. In: Graham J. E., Grayson, A. (ed). Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine. 1st edn, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pg. 488-502.
Referans24 Hasse, K., Crawford, A., Gustafson, D., Rao, S., Klaphake, E., & Johnston, M. (2022). Plasma concentration and pharmacodynamics of intramuscular administration of alfaxalone in indian peafowl (pavo cristatus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 53(1), 108-115.
Referans25 Hawkins, M. G., & Pascoe, P. J. (2007). Cage birds. In: Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia, West G, Heard D, Caulkett N (ed), 1st edn, Blackwell Publishing: Ames, pg. 269-297.
Referans26 Hawkins, M. G., & Paul-Murphy, J. (2011). Avian analgesia. Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice, 14(1), 61-80.
Referans27 Heard, D. (2016). Section 2. Advances in Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Surgery. Chapter 19. Anesthesia. In: Current Therapy in Medicine and Surgery. Speer, BL. (ed)., 1st ed., Elsevier, China, pg. 601-615.
Referans28 Hoppes, S., Flammer, K., Hoersch, K., Papich, M., & Paul-Murphy, J. (2003). Disposition and analgesic effects of fentanyl in white cockatoos (Cacatua alba). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 17(3), 124-130.
Referans29 Horowitz, I. H., Vaadia, G., Landau, S., Yanco, E., & Lublin, A. (2014). Butorphanol-midazolam combination injection for sedation of great white pelicans (Pelecanus onocrotalus). Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 69(1), 35-39.
Referans30 Houck, E. L., Guzman, D. S. M., Beaufrère, H., Knych, H. K., & Paul-Murphy, J. R. (2018). Evaluation of the thermal antinociceptive effects and pharmacokinetics of hydromorphone hydrochloride after intramuscular administration to cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 79(8), 820-827.
Referans31 Klaphake, E., Schumacher, J., Greenacre, C., Jones, M. P., & Zagaya, N. (2006). Comparative anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of pre-versus postoperative butorphanol administration in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) anesthetized with sevoflurane. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 20(1), 2-7.
Referans32 Klein, P. N., Charmatz, K., & Langenberg, J. (1994). The effect of flunixin meglumine (Banamine) on the renal function in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus): an avian model. In: American Association of Zoo Veterinarians and Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians, Annual Conference, Vol. 1994, pp. 128-131.
Referans33 Lafferty, K. (2016). Anesthetic management of birds. In: Questions and Answers in Small Animal Anesthesia, Smith LJ (ed)., 1st ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pg. 355-366.
Referans34 Langlois, I., Harvey, R. C., Jones, M. P., & Schumacher, J. (2003). Cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of isoflurane and propofol in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 17(1), 4-10.
Referans35 Laniesse, D., Guzman, D. S. M., Knych, H. K., Smith, D. A., Mosley, C., Paul-Murphy, J. R., & Beaufrère, H. (2017). Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol tartrate in a long-acting poloxamer 407 gel formulation administered to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 78(6), 688-694.
Referans36 Lawton, M. P. C. (2016). Anesthesia and Analgesia. In: Avian Medicine, Samour J. (Ed). 3rd ed, Elsevier, China, pg. 179-203.
Referans37 Lierz, M., Korbel, R. (2012). Anesthesia and analgesia in birds. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 21, 44-58.
Referans38 Machin, K. L. (2005). Avian analgesia. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine,14(4), 236-242.
Referans39 Mans, C., Guzman, D. S. M., Lahner, L. L., Paul-Murphy, J., & Sladky, K. K. (2012). Sedation and physiologic response to manual restraint after intranasal administration of midazolam in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 26(3), 130-139.
Referans40 Mehmannavaz, H., Emami, M. R., Razmyar, J., & Kazemi Mehrjerdi, H. (2015). A comparative study on some cardiopulmonary effects, anesthesia quality, and recovery time of isoflurane vs. propofol in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domesticus). Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 9(1), 33-40.
Referans41 Molter, C. M., Cole, G. A., Gagnon, D. J., Hazarika, S., & Paul-Murphy, J. R. (2013). Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam after intravenous, intramuscular, and oral administration of a single dose to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 74(3), 375-380.
Referans42 Montesinos, A., Ardiaca, M., Gilabert, J. A., Bonvehí, C., Oros, J., & Encinas, T. (2017). Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration of a single dose to African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus). Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 40(3), 279-284.
Referans43 Mulcahy, D. M., Tuomi, P., & Larsen, R. S. (2003). Differential mortality of male spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri) and king eiders (Somateria spectabilis) subsequent to anesthesia with propofol, bupivacaine, and ketoprofen. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 17(3), 117-123.
Referans44 Pascoe, P. J. (2000). Opioid analgesics. Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, 30(4), 757-772.
Referans45 Paul-Murphy, J. R., Brunson, D. B., & Miletic, V. (1999). Analgesic effects of butorphanol and buprenorphine in conscious African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus and Psittacus erithacus timneh). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 60(10), 1218-1221.
Referans46 Paul-Murphy, J., Hess, J. C., & Fialkowski, J. P. (2004). Pharmacokinetic properties of a single intramuscular dose of buprenorphine in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 18(4), 224-228.
Referans47 Paul-Murphy, J. R., Sladky, K. K., Krugner-Higby, L. A., Stading, B. R., Klauer, J. M., Keuler, N. S., ... & Heath, T. D. (2009). Analgesic effects of carprofen and liposome-encapsulated butorphanol tartrate in Hispaniolan parrots (Amazona ventralis) with experimentally induced arthritis. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 70(10), 1201-1210.
Referans48 Paul-Murphy, J., & Hawkins, M. (2015). Chapter 26. Bird-specific considerations. Recognizing pain behavior in pet birds. In: Handbook of Veterinary Pain Management. Gaynor JS, Muir WW. (eds), Elsevier, USA, pp. 536-561.
Referans49 Paula, V.V., Otsuki, D.A., Auler, J.O.C., Nunes, T.L., Ambrosio, A.M., & Fantoni, D.T. (2013). The effect of premedication with ketamine, alone or with diazepam, on anaesthesia with sevoflurane in parrots (Amazona aestiva). BMC Veterinary Research, 9, 142-151.
Referans50 Pavez, J. C., Hawkins, M. G., Pascoe, P. J., Knych, H. K. D., & Kass, P. H. (2011). Effect of fentanyl target-controlled infusions on isoflurane minimum anaesthetic concentration and cardiovascular function in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis). Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 38(4), 344-351.
Referans51 Pereira, M. E., & Werther, K. (2007). Evaluation of the renal effects of flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen and meloxicam in budgerigars. The Veterinary Record, 160, 844-846.
Referans52 Prather, J. F. (2012). Rapid and reliable sedation induced by diazepam and antagonized by flumazenil in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 26(2), 76-84.
Referans53 Sadegh, A. B. (2013). Comparison of intranasal administration of xylazine, diazepam, and midazolam in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus): clinical evaluation. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 241-244.
Referans54 Sinclair, K. M., Church, M. E., Farver, T. B., Lowenstine, L. J., Owens, S. D., & Paul-Murphy, J. (2012). Effects of meloxicam on hematologic and plasma biochemical analysis variables and results of histologic examination of tissue specimens of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 73(11), 1720-1727.
Referans55 Souza, M. J., Guzman, D. S. M., Paul-Murphy, J. R., & Cox, S. K. (2012). Pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous administration of a single dose of tramadol hydrochloride to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 73(8), 1142-1147.
Referans56 Zollinger, T. J., Hoover, J. P., Payton, M. E., & Schiller, C. A. (2011). Clinicopathologic, gross necropsy, and histologic findings after intramuscular injection of carprofen in a pigeon (Columba livia) model. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 25(3), 173-184.

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Veterinary Surgery

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Ali Bilgili ^*
0000-0001-6819-7952
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 30, 2022

Submission Date

August 15, 2022

Acceptance Date

September 23, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 2022 Volume: 5 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.52538/iduhes.1162398

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA85JL73RH

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Bilgili, A. (2022). KUŞLARDA KLİNİK MUAYENE VE SAĞALTIM AŞAMASINDA KULLANILAN ENJEKTABL ANESTEZİK VE ANALJEZİKLER. Izmir Democracy University Health Sciences Journal, 5(2), 524-542. https://doi.org/10.52538/iduhes.1162398

AMA

1.Bilgili A. KUŞLARDA KLİNİK MUAYENE VE SAĞALTIM AŞAMASINDA KULLANILAN ENJEKTABL ANESTEZİK VE ANALJEZİKLER. IDUHES. 2022;5(2):524-542. doi:10.52538/iduhes.1162398

Chicago

Bilgili, Ali. 2022. “KUŞLARDA KLİNİK MUAYENE VE SAĞALTIM AŞAMASINDA KULLANILAN ENJEKTABL ANESTEZİK VE ANALJEZİKLER”. Izmir Democracy University Health Sciences Journal 5 (2): 524-42. https://doi.org/10.52538/iduhes.1162398.

EndNote

Bilgili A (September 1, 2022) KUŞLARDA KLİNİK MUAYENE VE SAĞALTIM AŞAMASINDA KULLANILAN ENJEKTABL ANESTEZİK VE ANALJEZİKLER. Izmir Democracy University Health Sciences Journal 5 2 524–542.

IEEE

[1]A. Bilgili, “KUŞLARDA KLİNİK MUAYENE VE SAĞALTIM AŞAMASINDA KULLANILAN ENJEKTABL ANESTEZİK VE ANALJEZİKLER”, IDUHES, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 524–542, Sept. 2022, doi: 10.52538/iduhes.1162398.

ISNAD

Bilgili, Ali. “KUŞLARDA KLİNİK MUAYENE VE SAĞALTIM AŞAMASINDA KULLANILAN ENJEKTABL ANESTEZİK VE ANALJEZİKLER”. Izmir Democracy University Health Sciences Journal 5/2 (September 1, 2022): 524-542. https://doi.org/10.52538/iduhes.1162398.

JAMA

1.Bilgili A. KUŞLARDA KLİNİK MUAYENE VE SAĞALTIM AŞAMASINDA KULLANILAN ENJEKTABL ANESTEZİK VE ANALJEZİKLER. IDUHES. 2022;5:524–542.

MLA

Bilgili, Ali. “KUŞLARDA KLİNİK MUAYENE VE SAĞALTIM AŞAMASINDA KULLANILAN ENJEKTABL ANESTEZİK VE ANALJEZİKLER”. Izmir Democracy University Health Sciences Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, Sept. 2022, pp. 524-42, doi:10.52538/iduhes.1162398.

Vancouver

1.Ali Bilgili. KUŞLARDA KLİNİK MUAYENE VE SAĞALTIM AŞAMASINDA KULLANILAN ENJEKTABL ANESTEZİK VE ANALJEZİKLER. IDUHES. 2022 Sep. 1;5(2):524-42. doi:10.52538/iduhes.1162398