Altering Surface Topography of Electrospun Fibers

Abstract

When considering fiber-based materials, electrospinning is a fascinating method for producing polymeric nano/micro fibers in comparison with other techniques. Its wide range of applications from engineering to medicine make electrospinning gain great interest. Beside fibrous structure of fiber mats, topographical features on and/or inside fiber surfaces make them ideal candidates for site-specific applications. Several approaches have been adopted to gain desired topographical textures on individual fiber surfaces. Solvent properties, environmental conditions and also conditions for preparing fibers induce topographical changes in various physical characteristics.

Keywords

• Surface Topography,Porous Fibers,Electrospinning,Humidity

References

1. M. Şimşek, Fabrication of Fibrous Tissue Scaffolds. Dubai: GlobeEdit, 2018.
2. D. Li and Y. Xia, "Electrospinning of Nanofibers: Reinventing the Wheel?," Advanced Materials, vol. 16, no. 14, pp. 1151-1170, 2004.
3. C. Liu, P.-C. Hsu, H.-W. Lee, M. Ye, G. Zheng, N. Liu, W. Li, and Y. Cui, "Transparent air filter for high-efficiency PM2.5 capture," Nature Communications, vol. 6, p. 6205, 2015.
4. B. M. Baker, B. Trappmann, W. Y. Wang, M. S. Sakar, I. L. Kim, V. B. Shenoy, J. A. Burdick, and C. S. Chen, "Cell-mediated fibre recruitment drives extracellular matrix mechanosensing in engineered fibrillar microenvironments," Nature materials, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1262-1268, 2015.
5. P.-Y. Chen and S.-H. Tung, "One-Step Electrospinning To Produce Nonsolvent-Induced Macroporous Fibers with Ultrahigh Oil Adsorption Capability," Macromolecules, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 2528-2534, 2017.
6. J. Yu, Y. Qiu, X. Zha, M. Yu, J. Yu, J. Rafique, and J. Yin, "Production of aligned helical polymer nanofibers by electrospinning," European Polymer Journal, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 2838-2844, 2008.
7. M. Srinivasarao, D. Collings, A. Philips, and S. Patel, "Three-Dimensionally Ordered Array of Air Bubbles in a Polymer Film," Science, vol. 292, no. 5514, pp. 79-83, 2001.
8. M. Marcos-Martin, D. Beysens, J. P. Bouchaud, C. Godrèche, and I. Yekutieli, "Self-diffusion and ‘visited’ surface in the droplet condensation problem (breath figures)," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 214, no. 3, pp. 396-412, 1995.

9. C. L. Casper, J. S. Stephens, N. G. Tassi, D. B. Chase, and J. F. Rabolt, "Controlling Surface Morphology of Electrospun Polystyrene Fibers:  Effect of Humidity and Molecular Weight in the Electrospinning Process," Macromolecules, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 573-578, 2004.
10. R. M. Nezarati, M. B. Eifert, and E. Cosgriff-Hernandez, "Effects of humidity and solution viscosity on electrospun fiber morphology," Tissue Engineering Part C Methods, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 810-9, 2013.
11. S. A. F. Ramakrishna, Kazutoshi%A Teo, Wee-Eong%A Lim, Teik-Cheng%A Ma, Zuwei, An Introduction to Electrospinning and Nanofibers (An Introduction to Electrospinning and Nanofibers).
12. P. Lu and Y. Xia, "Maneuvering the internal porosity and surface morphology of electrospun polystyrene yarns by controlling the solvent and relative humidity," Langmuir, vol. 29, no. 23, pp. 7070-8, 2013.
13. D.-J. Lin, H.-H. Chang, T.-C. Chen, Y.-C. Lee, and L.-P. Cheng, "Formation of porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes with symmetric or asymmetric morphology by immersion precipitation in the water/TEP/PVDF system," European Polymer Journal, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 1581-1594, 2006.
14. K. Nayani, H. Katepalli, C. S. Sharma, A. Sharma, S. Patil, and R. Venkataraghavan, "Electrospinning Combined with Nonsolvent-Induced Phase Separation To Fabricate Highly Porous and Hollow Submicrometer Polymer Fibers," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 1761-1766, 2012.
15. Z. Qi, H. Yu, Y. Chen, and M. Zhu, "Highly porous fibers prepared by electrospinning a ternary system of nonsolvent/solvent/poly(l-lactic acid)," Materials Letters, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 415-418, 2009.
16. Z. Wei, Q. Zhang, L. Wang, X. Wang, S. Long, J. J. C. Yang, and P. Science, "Porous electrospun ultrafine fibers via a liquid–liquid phase separation method," Colloid and Polymer Science, vol. 291, no. 5, pp. 1293-1296, 2013.
17. K. A. G. Katsogiannis, G. T. Vladisavljević, and S. Georgiadou, "Porous electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibres by phase separation," European Polymer Journal, vol. 69, pp. 284-295, 2015.
18. D. Lubasova and L. Martinova, "Controlled Morphology of Porous Polyvinyl Butyral Nanofibers %J Journal of Nanomaterials," vol. 2011, p. 6, 2011.
19. J. Lin, B. Ding, and J. Yu, "Direct fabrication of highly nanoporous polystyrene fibers via electrospinning," ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 521-8, 2010.
20. T.-H. Nguyen, T. Q. Bao, I. Park, and B.-T. Lee, "A novel fibrous scaffold composed of electrospun porous poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibers for bone tissue engineering," Journal of Biomaterials Applications, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 514-528, 2013.
21. A. Luwang Laiva, J. R. Venugopal, S. Sridhar, B. Rangarajan, B. Navaneethan, and S. Ramakrishna, "Novel and simple methodology to fabricate porous and buckled fibrous structures for biomedical applications," Polymer, vol. 55, no. 22, pp. 5837-5842, 2014.
22. K. A. G. Katsogiannis, G. T. Vladisavljević, and S. Georgiadou, "Porous electrospun polycaprolactone fibers: Effect of process parameters," Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol. 54, no. 18, pp. 1878-1888, 2016.
23. X. Yu, H. Xiang, Y. Long, N. Zhao, X. Zhang, and J. Xu, "Preparation of porous polyacrylonitrile fibers by electrospinning a ternary system of PAN/DMF/H2O," Materials Letters, vol. 64, no. 22, pp. 2407-2409, 2010.
24. G. Yazgan, R. I. Dmitriev, V. Tyagi, J. Jenkins, G.-M. Rotaru, M. Rottmar, R. M. Rossi, C. Toncelli, D. B. Papkovsky, K. Maniura-Weber, and G. Fortunato, "Steering surface topographies of electrospun fibers: understanding the mechanisms," Scientific Reports, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 158, 2017.
25. S. Megelski, J. S. Stephens, D. B. Chase, and J. F. Rabolt, "Micro- and Nanostructured Surface Morphology on Electrospun Polymer Fibers," Macromolecules, vol. 35, no. 22, pp. 8456-8466, 2002.
26. C.-L. Li, D.-M. Wang, A. Deratani, D. Quémener, D. Bouyer, and J.-Y. Lai, "Insight into the preparation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes by vapor-induced phase separation," Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 361, no. 1, pp. 154-166, 2010.
27. J. Wu, N. Wang, L. Wang, H. Dong, Y. Zhao, and L. Jiang, "Electrospun Porous Structure Fibrous Film with High Oil Adsorption Capacity," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 3207-3212, 2012.
28. J. Y. Park and I. H. Lee, "Relative humidity effect on the preparation of porous electrospun polystyrene fibers," Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 3473-7, 2010.
29. H.-H. Chang, K. Beltsios, Y.-H. Chen, D.-J. Lin, and L.-P. Cheng, "Effects of cooling temperature and aging treatment on the morphology of nano- and micro-porous poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) membranes by thermal induced phase separation method," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 131, no. 12, 2014.
30. J. T. McCann, M. Marquez, and Y. Xia, "Highly Porous Fibers by Electrospinning into a Cryogenic Liquid," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 128, no. 5, pp. 1436-1437, 2006.
31. J. F. Kim, J. H. Kim, Y. M. Lee, and E. Drioli, "Thermally induced phase separation and electrospinning methods for emerging membrane applications: A review," Advances in Materials. Separations: Materials, Devices and Processes, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 461-490, 2016.
32. X.-Y. Ye, F.-W. Lin, X.-J. Huang, H.-Q. Liang, and Z.-K. Xu, "Polymer fibers with hierarchically porous structure: combination of high temperature electrospinning and thermally induced phase separation," RSC Advances, vol. 3, no. 33, pp. 13851-13858, 2013.
33. M. Bognitzki, T. Frese, M. Steinhart, A. Greiner, J. H. Wendorff, A. Schaper, and M. Hellwig, "Preparation of fibers with nanoscaled morphologies: Electrospinning of polymer blends," Polymer Engineering & Science, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 982-989, 2001.
34. Y. Z. Zhang, Y. Feng, Z. M. Huang, S. Ramakrishna, and C. T. Lim, "Fabrication of porous electrospun nanofibres," Nanotechnology, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 901-908, 2006.
35. A. Gupta, C. D. Saquing, M. Afshari, A. E. Tonelli, S. A. Khan, and R. Kotek, "Porous Nylon-6 Fibers via a Novel Salt-Induced Electrospinning Method," Macromolecules, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 709-715, 2009.
36. H. R. Pant, M. P. Neupane, B. Pant, G. Panthi, H. J. Oh, M. H. Lee, and H. Y. Kim, "Fabrication of highly porous poly (varepsilon-caprolactone) fibers for novel tissue scaffold via water-bath electrospinning," Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 587-92, 2011.
37. C. H. Kim, Y. H. Jung, H. Y. Kim, D. R. Lee, N. Dharmaraj, and K. E. J. M. R. Choi, "Effect of collector temperature on the porous structure of electrospun fibers," Macromolecular Research, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 59-65, 2006.
38. Y. Wang, J. Deng, R. Fan, A. Tong, X. Zhang, L. Zhou, Y. Zheng, J. Xu, and G. Guo, "Novel nanoscale topography on poly(propylene carbonate)/poly(ε-caprolactone) electrospun nanofibers modifies osteogenic capacity of ADCs," RSC Advances, vol. 5, no. 101, pp. 82834-82844, 2015.
39. Y. Li, C. T. Lim, and M. Kotaki, "Study on structural and mechanical properties of porous PLA nanofibers electrospun by channel-based electrospinning system," Polymer, vol. 56, pp. 572-580, 2015.
40. T. Kongkhlang, M. Kotaki, Y. Kousaka, T. Umemura, D. Nakaya, and S. Chirachanchai, "Electrospun Polyoxymethylene: Spinning Conditions and Its Consequent Nanoporous Nanofiber," Macromolecules, vol. 41, no. 13, pp. 4746-4752, 2008.