Osteokondral Doku Mühendisliği,

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 9 - 22, 01.06.2018

Soner Cakmak

Abstract

Ortopedik cerrahide,
osteokondral hasarların tedavisi hala tam olarak gerçekleştirilememektedir. Osteokondral
hasarlar, aynı anda hem eklem kıkırdağı hem de subkondral kemikte hasarın görüldüğü
durumları ifade etmektedir. Bu hasarların tedavisi için kıkırdak, kemik ve kıkırdak-kemik
ara yüzeyinin fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerini göz önünde bulunduracak yaklaşımlara
ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Osteokondral hasarların tedavisi için birçok cerrahi yöntemi
geliştirilmiş olsa da bu yöntemler geçici bir iyileşme sağlar. Bu nedenle tedavi
edici alternatif yöntemler üzerinde yoğun bir şekilde çalışılmaktadır. Bu noktada,
osteokondral doku mühendisliği, biyomalzeme, hücreler ve çeşitli biyoaktif moleküllerin
kullanımıyla, osteokondral hasarların tedavisi için ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu derlemede,
osteokondral doku mühendisliğinin temelleri, osteokondral dokunun yapısı, osteokondral
hasarların tedavisinde kullanılan cerrahi yöntemler, bu alanda kullanılan biyomalzemeler
ve tek/çok fazlı doku iskelesi tasarımları ve kullanımları, kullanılan büyüme faktörleri
ve hücreler örnekleriyle anlatılmıştır.

Keywords

Osteokondral doku mühendisliği, çok fazlı doku iskelesi, büyüme faktörü, kondrosit, kök hücre

Osteochondral Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Treatment of osteochondral defects
can not be completely achieved in orthopaedic surgery. Osteochondral defects
reflect damage to both the articular cartilage as well as the underside subchondral
bone. The treatment strategies should take into consideration the physical and
chemical properties of cartilage, bone and cartilage-bone interface. Although
there are several surgical methods developed for the treatment of osteochondral
defects, both of them have ensured temporary healing. Therefore, there have
been intense efforts on alternative strategies for osteochondral regeneration.
At this point, osteochondral tissue engineering have come to the forefront by
using the combinations of biomaterials, cells and several bioactive molecules.
In this review, fundamentals of osteochondral tissue engineering, osteochondral
tissue structure and surgical treatment methods, the biomaterials used and
design of single/multiphasic scaffolds, growth factors and cells are
comprehensively presented with the current literature examples.

Keywords

Osteochondral tissue engineering, multiphasic scaffold, growth factor, chondrocyte, stem cell

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