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School Ground as Environmental Learning Resources: Teachers’ and Pupils’ Perspectives on Its Potentials, Uses and Accessibility

Year 2013, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 0 - , 21.01.2013

Abstract

This paper addresses the role of school ground as outdoor learning resources for environmental education. The opportunities to use school ground are particularly prominent in tropical climate, where the weather permits plenty of outdoor learning activities. A study in primary schools in Jakarta explored the relationship between the spatial aspects of school ground and its role in providing access to outdoor environmental resources, from the perspectives of teachers and pupils. The findings reveal that the potentials of school ground environment in many schools have not been fully utilised. Outdoor opportunities offered by school ground environment do not immediately result in active environmental learning. The findings suggest the needs to rethink the position of school ground within the current spatial design of school environment, to address the demands for more engagement with nature and current perspectives towards environmental learning.

References

  • Arbogast, K. L., Kane, B. C. P., Kirwan, J. L., & Hertel, B.R. (2009). vegetation and outdoor recess time at elementary schools: What are the connections? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29, 450– 456.
  • Balitbang Depdiknas (2004). Statistik Persekolahan SD 2003/2004. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Pendidikan.
  • Brockman, R., Jago, R., & Fox, K. R. (2011). Children’s active play: Self-reported motivators, barriers and facilitators. BMC Public Health, 11, 461.
  • Chan, C. B., & Ryan, D. A. (2009). Assessing the effects of weather conditions on physical activity participation using objective measures. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 6, 2639-2654.
  • Chatterjee, S. (2005). Children’s friendship with place: A conceptual inquiry. Children, Youth and Environments, 15(1), 1-26.
  • Copeland, K. A., Kendeigh, C. A., Saelens, B. E., Kalkwarf, H. J., & Sherman, S. N. (2012). Physical activity in child-care centers: Do teachers hold the key to the playground? Health Education Research, 27(1), 81-100.
  • Departemen Pendidikan Nasional (1993). Pembakuan Bangunan Sekolah Dasar (SD). Jakarta: Depdiknas.
  • Departemen Pendidikan Nasional (2005). Standarisasi Bangunan Sekolah Dasar. Jakarta: Depdiknas.
  • Dinas Pendidikan Dasar Provinsi DKI Jakarta (2007). Kurikulum Muatan Lokal Sekolah Dasar dan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Provinsi DKI Jakarta: Standar Isi, Standar Kompetensi Lulusan dan Model Silabus. Jakarta: Dinas Pendidikan Dasar Provinsi DKI Jakarta.
  • Dinas Pendidikan Dasar Provinsi DKI Jakarta (2008). Sistem Informasi Manajemen Aset Sekolah (SIMAS).. Retrieved 20 July 2011 from http://www.simas.or.id.
  • Dyment, J. E. (2005). Green school grounds as sites for outdoor learning: Barriers and opportunities. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 14(1), 28-45.
  • Education Development Center (2000). Schoolyard learning: The impact of schoolgrounds. Newton, MA: EDC.
  • Fjortoft, I., & J. Sageie (2000). The natural environment as a playground for children: Landscape description and analyses of a natural landscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 48(1/2), 83-97.
  • Gans, H. J. (1968). The potential environment and the effective environment. In H. J. Gans (Ed.), People and plans. New York: Basic Books.
  • Gibson, J.J. (1986). The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Harrison, F., Jones, A.P., Bentham, G. Sluijs, E.M.F.V., Cassidy, A. & Griffin, S.J. (2011). The impact of rainfall and school break time policies on physical activity in 9-10 year old british children: A repeated measures study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8, 47.
  • Kementerian Negara Lingkungan Hidup (2006). Garis-garis Besar Isi Materi Lingkungan Hidup. Jakarta: Kementerian Negara Lingkungan Hidup.
  • Kytta, M. (2004). The extent of children's independent mobility and the number of actualized affordances as criteria for child-friendly environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(2), 179-198.
  • Lackney, J. A. (2008). Teacher Environmental competence in elementary school environments. Children, Youth and Environments, 18(2), 133-159.
  • Malone, K., & Tranter, P. (2003a). Children's environmental learning and the use, design and management of schoolgrounds. Children, Youth and Environments, 13(2).
  • Malone, K., & Tranter, P. (2003b). School grounds as sites for learning: Making the most of environmental opportunities. Environmental Education Research, 9(3), 283-303.
  • Maynard, T., & Waters, J. (2007). Learning in the outdoor environment: A missed opportunity? Early Years, 27:3, 255-265.
  • McKendrick, J. H. (2005). School grounds in Scotland. Research Report. Scottish Poverty Information Unit.
  • Ozdemic, A., & Yilmaz, O. (2008). Assessment of outdoor school environments and physical activity in ankara’s primary schools. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28, 287–300.
  • Peraturan Mendiknas RI Nomor 22 Tahun 2007 tentang Standar Isi untuk Satuan Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah.
  • Peraturan Mendiknas RI Nomor 24 Tahun 2007 tentang Standar Sarana dan Prasarana Sekolah Dasar/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (SD/MI), Sekolah Menengah Pertama/Madrasah Tsanawiyah (SMP/MTs), dan Sekolah Menengah Atas/Madrasah Aliyah (SMA/MAK).
  • Samborski, S. (2010). Biodiverse or barren school grounds: Their effects on children. Children, Youth and Environments, 20(2), 67-115.
  • Silva, P., Santos, R., Wel, G. & Mota, J. (2011). Seasonal differences in physical activity and sedentary patterns: The relevance of the PA context. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10, 66-72.
  • Taylor, A. F., Wiley, A., Kuo, F. E., & Sullivan, W. C. (1998). Growing up in the inner city: Green spaces as places to grow. Environment and Behavior, 30(1), 3-27.
  • Titman, W. (1994). Special places, special people: The hidden curriculum of schoolgrounds. Surrey: World Wide Fund for Nature/Learning through Landscapes.
  • UNESCO (2007). Highlights on DESD progress to date. Retrieved 10 December 2012 from http://www.unesco.org.
  • Waite, S. (2011). Teaching and learning outside the classroom: Personal values, alternative pedagogies and standards. Education 3-13: International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early Years Education, 39 (1), 65-82
  • Wells, N. M. (2000). At home with nature: Effects of ‘greenness’ on children's cognitive functioning. Environment and Behavior, 32(6), 775-795.
  • Wohlwill, J., & Heft, H. (1987). The physical environment and development of the child. In Stokols, D. and I. Altman, eds. Handbook of environmental psychology, Vol. 1. New York: Wiley.
  • Wolff, D., & Fitzhugh, E.C. (2011). The relationships between weather-related factors and daily outdoor physical activity counts on an urban greenway. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8, 579-589.
Year 2013, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 0 - , 21.01.2013

Abstract

References

  • Arbogast, K. L., Kane, B. C. P., Kirwan, J. L., & Hertel, B.R. (2009). vegetation and outdoor recess time at elementary schools: What are the connections? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29, 450– 456.
  • Balitbang Depdiknas (2004). Statistik Persekolahan SD 2003/2004. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Pendidikan.
  • Brockman, R., Jago, R., & Fox, K. R. (2011). Children’s active play: Self-reported motivators, barriers and facilitators. BMC Public Health, 11, 461.
  • Chan, C. B., & Ryan, D. A. (2009). Assessing the effects of weather conditions on physical activity participation using objective measures. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 6, 2639-2654.
  • Chatterjee, S. (2005). Children’s friendship with place: A conceptual inquiry. Children, Youth and Environments, 15(1), 1-26.
  • Copeland, K. A., Kendeigh, C. A., Saelens, B. E., Kalkwarf, H. J., & Sherman, S. N. (2012). Physical activity in child-care centers: Do teachers hold the key to the playground? Health Education Research, 27(1), 81-100.
  • Departemen Pendidikan Nasional (1993). Pembakuan Bangunan Sekolah Dasar (SD). Jakarta: Depdiknas.
  • Departemen Pendidikan Nasional (2005). Standarisasi Bangunan Sekolah Dasar. Jakarta: Depdiknas.
  • Dinas Pendidikan Dasar Provinsi DKI Jakarta (2007). Kurikulum Muatan Lokal Sekolah Dasar dan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Provinsi DKI Jakarta: Standar Isi, Standar Kompetensi Lulusan dan Model Silabus. Jakarta: Dinas Pendidikan Dasar Provinsi DKI Jakarta.
  • Dinas Pendidikan Dasar Provinsi DKI Jakarta (2008). Sistem Informasi Manajemen Aset Sekolah (SIMAS).. Retrieved 20 July 2011 from http://www.simas.or.id.
  • Dyment, J. E. (2005). Green school grounds as sites for outdoor learning: Barriers and opportunities. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 14(1), 28-45.
  • Education Development Center (2000). Schoolyard learning: The impact of schoolgrounds. Newton, MA: EDC.
  • Fjortoft, I., & J. Sageie (2000). The natural environment as a playground for children: Landscape description and analyses of a natural landscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 48(1/2), 83-97.
  • Gans, H. J. (1968). The potential environment and the effective environment. In H. J. Gans (Ed.), People and plans. New York: Basic Books.
  • Gibson, J.J. (1986). The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Harrison, F., Jones, A.P., Bentham, G. Sluijs, E.M.F.V., Cassidy, A. & Griffin, S.J. (2011). The impact of rainfall and school break time policies on physical activity in 9-10 year old british children: A repeated measures study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8, 47.
  • Kementerian Negara Lingkungan Hidup (2006). Garis-garis Besar Isi Materi Lingkungan Hidup. Jakarta: Kementerian Negara Lingkungan Hidup.
  • Kytta, M. (2004). The extent of children's independent mobility and the number of actualized affordances as criteria for child-friendly environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(2), 179-198.
  • Lackney, J. A. (2008). Teacher Environmental competence in elementary school environments. Children, Youth and Environments, 18(2), 133-159.
  • Malone, K., & Tranter, P. (2003a). Children's environmental learning and the use, design and management of schoolgrounds. Children, Youth and Environments, 13(2).
  • Malone, K., & Tranter, P. (2003b). School grounds as sites for learning: Making the most of environmental opportunities. Environmental Education Research, 9(3), 283-303.
  • Maynard, T., & Waters, J. (2007). Learning in the outdoor environment: A missed opportunity? Early Years, 27:3, 255-265.
  • McKendrick, J. H. (2005). School grounds in Scotland. Research Report. Scottish Poverty Information Unit.
  • Ozdemic, A., & Yilmaz, O. (2008). Assessment of outdoor school environments and physical activity in ankara’s primary schools. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28, 287–300.
  • Peraturan Mendiknas RI Nomor 22 Tahun 2007 tentang Standar Isi untuk Satuan Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah.
  • Peraturan Mendiknas RI Nomor 24 Tahun 2007 tentang Standar Sarana dan Prasarana Sekolah Dasar/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (SD/MI), Sekolah Menengah Pertama/Madrasah Tsanawiyah (SMP/MTs), dan Sekolah Menengah Atas/Madrasah Aliyah (SMA/MAK).
  • Samborski, S. (2010). Biodiverse or barren school grounds: Their effects on children. Children, Youth and Environments, 20(2), 67-115.
  • Silva, P., Santos, R., Wel, G. & Mota, J. (2011). Seasonal differences in physical activity and sedentary patterns: The relevance of the PA context. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10, 66-72.
  • Taylor, A. F., Wiley, A., Kuo, F. E., & Sullivan, W. C. (1998). Growing up in the inner city: Green spaces as places to grow. Environment and Behavior, 30(1), 3-27.
  • Titman, W. (1994). Special places, special people: The hidden curriculum of schoolgrounds. Surrey: World Wide Fund for Nature/Learning through Landscapes.
  • UNESCO (2007). Highlights on DESD progress to date. Retrieved 10 December 2012 from http://www.unesco.org.
  • Waite, S. (2011). Teaching and learning outside the classroom: Personal values, alternative pedagogies and standards. Education 3-13: International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early Years Education, 39 (1), 65-82
  • Wells, N. M. (2000). At home with nature: Effects of ‘greenness’ on children's cognitive functioning. Environment and Behavior, 32(6), 775-795.
  • Wohlwill, J., & Heft, H. (1987). The physical environment and development of the child. In Stokols, D. and I. Altman, eds. Handbook of environmental psychology, Vol. 1. New York: Wiley.
  • Wolff, D., & Fitzhugh, E.C. (2011). The relationships between weather-related factors and daily outdoor physical activity counts on an urban greenway. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8, 579-589.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Papers
Authors

Paramita Atmodiwirjo

Publication Date January 21, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Atmodiwirjo, P. (2013). School Ground as Environmental Learning Resources: Teachers’ and Pupils’ Perspectives on Its Potentials, Uses and Accessibility. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education, 3(2).
AMA Atmodiwirjo P. School Ground as Environmental Learning Resources: Teachers’ and Pupils’ Perspectives on Its Potentials, Uses and Accessibility. IEJEE-Green. September 2013;3(2).
Chicago Atmodiwirjo, Paramita. “School Ground As Environmental Learning Resources: Teachers’ and Pupils’ Perspectives on Its Potentials, Uses and Accessibility”. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education 3, no. 2 (September 2013).
EndNote Atmodiwirjo P (September 1, 2013) School Ground as Environmental Learning Resources: Teachers’ and Pupils’ Perspectives on Its Potentials, Uses and Accessibility. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education 3 2
IEEE P. Atmodiwirjo, “School Ground as Environmental Learning Resources: Teachers’ and Pupils’ Perspectives on Its Potentials, Uses and Accessibility”, IEJEE-Green, vol. 3, no. 2, 2013.
ISNAD Atmodiwirjo, Paramita. “School Ground As Environmental Learning Resources: Teachers’ and Pupils’ Perspectives on Its Potentials, Uses and Accessibility”. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education 3/2 (September 2013).
JAMA Atmodiwirjo P. School Ground as Environmental Learning Resources: Teachers’ and Pupils’ Perspectives on Its Potentials, Uses and Accessibility. IEJEE-Green. 2013;3.
MLA Atmodiwirjo, Paramita. “School Ground As Environmental Learning Resources: Teachers’ and Pupils’ Perspectives on Its Potentials, Uses and Accessibility”. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education, vol. 3, no. 2, 2013.
Vancouver Atmodiwirjo P. School Ground as Environmental Learning Resources: Teachers’ and Pupils’ Perspectives on Its Potentials, Uses and Accessibility. IEJEE-Green. 2013;3(2).