Oyun Teorisi ve Nash’in Denge Stratejisi

Year 2018, Issue: 14, 419 - 440, 01.04.2018

Sema Yılmaz Genç Hamza Kadah

Abstract

Oyun teorisi Augustin Cournot ile birlikte adı konulmamış biçimde iktisat bilimine girmiş ve iktisatçılara tamamen farklı bir bakış açısı sağlamıştır. İzleyen yüzyıl boyunca oligopol rekabet biçimini açıklamaya çalışan iktisatçılar tarafından sürekli geliştirilmiştir. 1940’lı ve 1950’li yıllar oyun teorisinin yoğun olarak tartışıldığı yıllarıdır. Bu dönemde oyun teorisi iktisatçıların, matematikçilerin hatta psikologların katkılarıyla daha tutarlı bir sistematiğe oturtulmuş ve iktisat teorisinin vazgeçilmez parçası haline gelmiştir. Bu katkıları yapan önemli isimlerden biri de oyun teorisinin yanı sıra diferansiyel geometride kısmi diferansiyel denklemlerin incelenmesine de önemli katkılarda bulunmuş bir matematikçi olan John F. Nash Jr’dir. Kimi araştırmacılara göre Nash'in işbirliksiz oyunlar kuramı ve “Nash Dengesi” formülünün, iktisada ve sosyal bilimlere yaptığı etkiler, fen bilimlerinde DNA çift sarmalının keşfi ile kıyaslanabilecek kadar önemlidir. Bu çalışmada alan yazın tarama ve derleme yöntemi kullanılarak oyun teorisinin tarihsel gelişimi genel hatlarıyla açıklanmıştır. Bu bağlamda oyun teorisne katkı sağlayan modeller karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca Nash’in Denge Stratejisi’nin oyun teorisine katkılarının iktisadi analizdeki önemi ve gerekliliği açıklanmıştır.

Keywords

John Nash, Nash Dengesi, Oyun Teorisi

The Game Theory And Nash’s Equilibrium Strategy

Abstract

The game theory entered into the economics in a way that its name wasn’t given, and it provided the definite different viewpoint for the economists. It was constantly developed by the economists who tried to explain the oligopoly competition way for the next generation. The years of 1940’s and 1950’s are the years that the game theory was densely discussed. The game theory was put into more consistent systematics with the contributions of economists, mathematicians and even the psychologicists and it became an inevitable part of economics theory. One of the important people who contributed to it is John F. Nash Jr who is a mathematician who contributed substantially to the review of game theory and the partly differential equations in the differential geometry. According to some of the researchers, the impacts of Nash’s game theory without collaboration and “Nash Equilibrium” formulas on the economics and social sicences are as important as comparing with the discovery of DNA double stranded in the sciences. In this study, historical development process of game theory is explained in general terms by using literature review and compilation methods. In this context, models contributing the game theory are comparatively investigated. Besides, importance and essentialness of contributions of Nash Equilibrium Strategy to the game theory in economic analysis is emphasized.

Keywords

John Nash, Nash Equilibrium, Game Theory

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