BibTex RIS Cite

Mutlu Gezegen Endeksi: Dünyanın En Mutlu Ülkelerinden Panel Veri Bulguları

Year 2019, Issue: EK SAYI (2019) - Year: 2019 Volume: Ek Number: Ek, 181 - 202, 01.12.2019

Abstract

Mutluluk kavramı bireylerin hayatlarında ulaşmayı hedeflediği nihai amaç olarak karşımıza çıkarken, iktisatçılar mutluluk ölçümlerini daha çok makroekonomik parametrelere dayalı olarak gerçekleştir-mişlerdir. Son yıllarda ise; ülkelerin ekonomik performansları kadar sosyal, politik ve kültürel göstergelerinin de bireylerin mutluluğu üzerinde de etkili olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Yeni nesil mutluluk endeksle-ri; yaşam beklentisi, ekolojik ayak izi, gelir dağılımı, sürdürülebilir çevre gibi faktörlere odaklanarak Costa Rica, Mexico, Vanuatu gibi ülkeleri mutluluk sıralamasında en üst sıraya yerleştirmiştir. Bu ça-lışmanın amacı, dünyanın en mutlu ülkelerini temel alarak mutluluk ile makroekonomik, sosyal ve politik göstergeler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Çalışmada görece yeni bir mutluluk göstergesi olarak New Economics Foundation tarafından hesaplanan Happy Planet Index HPI dikkate alınmıştır. Analiz aşamasında, 2006-2016 periyo-dunda dünyanın en mutlu onaltı ülkesini kapsayan veri setine panel veri analiz teknikleri uygulanmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgu-lar, geleneksel makroekonomik göstergeler ile HPI arasında negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Sosyal ve politik göstergeler ile HPI arasında da pozitif ilişki tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Beja, E. L. (2014). Income growth and happiness: Reas- sessment of the Easterlin Paradox. International Review of Eco- nomics, 61(4), 329-346.
  • Blanchflower, D. & A. Oswald. (2004). Well-Being over Time in Britain andthe USA. Journal of Public Economics 88: 1359–1386.
  • Brockmann, H., Delhey, J., Welzel, C., & Yuan, H. (2009). The China puzzle: Falling happiness in a rising economy. Jour- nal of Happiness Studies, 10(4), 387-405.
  • Caner, A. (2015). Happiness, comparison effects, and expectations in Turkey. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(5), 1323-1345.
  • Çirkin, Z., & Göksel, T. (2016). Mutluluk Ve Gelir. Anka- ra Üniversitesi Sbf Dergisi, 71(2).
  • Di Tella, R., Haisken-De New, J., & MacCulloch, R. (2010). Happiness adaptation to income and to status in an in- dividual panel. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 76(3), 834-852.
  • Dumludag, D., Gokdemir, O., & Giray, S. (2016). Income comparison, collectivism and life satisfaction in Turkey. Quality & Quantity, 50(3), 955-980.
  • Easterlin, R. A., & Angelescu, L. (2009). Happiness and growth the world over: Time series evidence on the happiness- income paradox.
  • Easterlin, Richard (1974), “Does Economic Growth Imp- rove the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence”, David, Paul Allan ve Melvin Warren Reder (Ed.), Nations and Households in Economic Growth (New York: Academic Press): 89-125.
  • Frey, B. S., & Stutzer, A. (2000). Happiness, economy and institutions. The Economic Journal, 110(466), 918-938.
  • Haschke, Peter (2019). The Political Terror Scale (PTS) Codebook. http://www.politicalterrorscale.org/ 01.10.2019.
  • HPI (2016). http://happyplanetindex.org/ 01.10.2019
  • IEP (2014). Global Peace Index. Measuring Peace and As- sesing 01.10.2019. Risk, http://economicsandpeace.org/.
  • Servet, O. (2017). Mutluluğun Türkiye'deki Belirleyenle- rinin Zaman İçinde Değişimi. Akdeniz University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty Journal/Akdeniz Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi, 17(35).
  • TI, https://www.transparency.org/ 01.10.2109. UNDP (2014). Human Development Report 2014, Newyork. USA. http://hdr. undp.org/ 01.10.2019.
  • Veenhoven, R. (2004). Happy Life Years: A Measure of Gross National Happiness. K. Ura & K. Galay (Ed.), in Gross National Happiness and Development, 287-318.
  • Veenhoven, R. (2015). Average Happiness in 158 nations 2005-2014. https://worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl/hap_nat/nat_fp.php ?mode=8&ranks=1 01.06.2018. of Happiness.
  • Veenhoven, R. ve Dumludağ, D. (2015). Iktisat ve Mutlu- luk: Bugün Daha Mutlu Muyuz ?. Chapter 11 in: Dumladağ, D., Gökdemir, O., Neyse, L. & Ruben, E. (Ed.), İktisatta Davranışsal Yaklaşımlar (Behavioral Approaches In Economics), Imge Kita- bevi, Ankara Turkey, 201-230.
  • WB, https://data.worldbank.org/ 01.10.2019.
  • White, A. (2007). A Global Projection of Subjective Well- being: A Challenge to Positive Psychology?. Psychtalk, 56, 17- 20.

Happy Planet Index: Panel Data Evidence from the Happiest Parts of the World

Year 2019, Issue: EK SAYI (2019) - Year: 2019 Volume: Ek Number: Ek, 181 - 202, 01.12.2019

Abstract

While the concept of happiness is the ultimate goal that individuals aim to achieve in their lives, economists performed happiness meas-urements based on macroeconomic parameters. In recent years, it has been understood that the social, political and cultural indicators of countries have an impact on the happiness of individuals as well as their economic performance. New generation happiness indexes focusing on factors such as life expectancy, ecological footprint, in-come distribution, sustainable environment, it has placed countries such as Costa Rica, Mexico and Vanuatu at the top of the list of happi-ness. The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between happiness and macroeconomic, social and political indicators based on the happiest countries in the world. In this study, the Happy Plan-et Index HPI calculated by the New Economics Foundation was considered as a relatively new indicator of happiness. During the analysis phase, panel data analysis techniques were applied to the data set covering the twenty happiest countries in the world in 2006-2016 period. This study finds that conventional macroeconomic indi-cators are statistically significant in explaining HPI, though the rela-tionship is negative. Causal relationships between social and political indicators and HPI were also determined.

References

  • Beja, E. L. (2014). Income growth and happiness: Reas- sessment of the Easterlin Paradox. International Review of Eco- nomics, 61(4), 329-346.
  • Blanchflower, D. & A. Oswald. (2004). Well-Being over Time in Britain andthe USA. Journal of Public Economics 88: 1359–1386.
  • Brockmann, H., Delhey, J., Welzel, C., & Yuan, H. (2009). The China puzzle: Falling happiness in a rising economy. Jour- nal of Happiness Studies, 10(4), 387-405.
  • Caner, A. (2015). Happiness, comparison effects, and expectations in Turkey. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(5), 1323-1345.
  • Çirkin, Z., & Göksel, T. (2016). Mutluluk Ve Gelir. Anka- ra Üniversitesi Sbf Dergisi, 71(2).
  • Di Tella, R., Haisken-De New, J., & MacCulloch, R. (2010). Happiness adaptation to income and to status in an in- dividual panel. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 76(3), 834-852.
  • Dumludag, D., Gokdemir, O., & Giray, S. (2016). Income comparison, collectivism and life satisfaction in Turkey. Quality & Quantity, 50(3), 955-980.
  • Easterlin, R. A., & Angelescu, L. (2009). Happiness and growth the world over: Time series evidence on the happiness- income paradox.
  • Easterlin, Richard (1974), “Does Economic Growth Imp- rove the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence”, David, Paul Allan ve Melvin Warren Reder (Ed.), Nations and Households in Economic Growth (New York: Academic Press): 89-125.
  • Frey, B. S., & Stutzer, A. (2000). Happiness, economy and institutions. The Economic Journal, 110(466), 918-938.
  • Haschke, Peter (2019). The Political Terror Scale (PTS) Codebook. http://www.politicalterrorscale.org/ 01.10.2019.
  • HPI (2016). http://happyplanetindex.org/ 01.10.2019
  • IEP (2014). Global Peace Index. Measuring Peace and As- sesing 01.10.2019. Risk, http://economicsandpeace.org/.
  • Servet, O. (2017). Mutluluğun Türkiye'deki Belirleyenle- rinin Zaman İçinde Değişimi. Akdeniz University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty Journal/Akdeniz Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi, 17(35).
  • TI, https://www.transparency.org/ 01.10.2109. UNDP (2014). Human Development Report 2014, Newyork. USA. http://hdr. undp.org/ 01.10.2019.
  • Veenhoven, R. (2004). Happy Life Years: A Measure of Gross National Happiness. K. Ura & K. Galay (Ed.), in Gross National Happiness and Development, 287-318.
  • Veenhoven, R. (2015). Average Happiness in 158 nations 2005-2014. https://worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl/hap_nat/nat_fp.php ?mode=8&ranks=1 01.06.2018. of Happiness.
  • Veenhoven, R. ve Dumludağ, D. (2015). Iktisat ve Mutlu- luk: Bugün Daha Mutlu Muyuz ?. Chapter 11 in: Dumladağ, D., Gökdemir, O., Neyse, L. & Ruben, E. (Ed.), İktisatta Davranışsal Yaklaşımlar (Behavioral Approaches In Economics), Imge Kita- bevi, Ankara Turkey, 201-230.
  • WB, https://data.worldbank.org/ 01.10.2019.
  • White, A. (2007). A Global Projection of Subjective Well- being: A Challenge to Positive Psychology?. Psychtalk, 56, 17- 20.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nüket Kırcı Çevik This is me

Buket Kırcı Altınkeski This is me

Tuğba Kantarcı This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: EK SAYI (2019) - Year: 2019 Volume: Ek Number: Ek

Cite

APA Çevik, N. K., Altınkeski, B. K., & Kantarcı, T. (2019). Mutlu Gezegen Endeksi: Dünyanın En Mutlu Ülkelerinden Panel Veri Bulguları. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(EK SAYI (2019), 181-202.