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Neoliberalizm ve Çin

Year 2021, Issue: 26, 268 - 289, 30.04.2021

Abstract

1970’lerin sonunda reform dönemi başladığından beri, Çin çarpıcı bir ekonomik performans kaydetmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu reform tecrübesi bütün dünyanın ilgisini çekmiştir ve bu süreçle ilgili farklı akademik açıklamalar ortaya konulmuştur. Çin’in yeni sisteminin neoliberalizme bir alternatif teşkil ettiği yaklaşımına karşılık, bu yazı Çin devletinin reform döneminde neoliberal politikalar uygulamasındaki rolü, dönüşen toplumsal ilişkiler, devam eden yoksulluk ve farklı türlerdeki eşitsizlik problemleri üzerine vurgu yapmaktadır. Çin’in neoliberalizme alternatif olması konusu üzerine tartışmak, alternatifi olmadığı iddia edilen neoliberalizme ilişkin tartışmaları da gözden geçirmeyi gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, makalenin amacı Çin’in 1980’lerin başından itibaren geçirdiği ekonomik ve toplumsal dönüşümün neoliberal sisteme alternative oluşturmadığını açıklamaktır.

References

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  • Arrighi, G., Adam Smith in Beijing, London & New York: Verso, 2007.
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  • Ataçay, M. N., “Çin Mucizesi”nin Bir Çıkmazı: Kent-Kır Açıklığı, Turkish Studies- Social Sciences, 2020, Vol. 15(5), 2020, pp. 2363-2376.
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  • Cai, F., Wang, D., Du, Y., “Regional Disparity and economic growth in China, the impact of labor market distortions”, China Economic Review, 2002, 13(2-3), p. 197.
  • Cammack, P., “What the World Bank Means by Poverty Reduction, and Why it Matters”, New Political Economy, 2004, Vol.9, No.2, pp. 190-191, 193, 197, 200-201, 206.
  • Christiansen, F., “Arrighi’s Adam Smith in Beijing: Engaging China”, Historical Materialism, 2010, Vol. 18, No.1, p.114.
  • Clarke, S., “The Neoliberal Theory of Society”, Neoliberalism A Critical Reader, ed. Alfreo Saad-Filho and Deborah Johston,London: Pluto Press, 2005, p. 58.
  • Fine, B., “Examining the Ideas of Globalisation and Development Critically: What Role for Political Economy?”, New Political Economy, 2004, Vol.9, No. 2, p. 226.
  • Hart-Landsberg, M., Burkett, P., China and Socialism, Monthly Review Press, New York, 2005.
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  • Hayami, Y., “From the Washington Consensus to the Post-Washington Consensus: Retrospect and Prospect”, Asian Development Review, 2003, Vol. 20, No. 2, p. 57.
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  • Hui, W., “The Historical Origin of Chinese “Neoliberalism””, The Chinese Economy, July–August 2003, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 3, 4.
  • Jessop, B., The Future of the Capitalist State, UK: Polity, 2002, PP. 58-61, 80.
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  • Li, M., “The Rise of the Working Class and the Future of the Chinese Revolution”, Monthly Review, Vol. 63, Issue 2, 2011, 2011, pp.38-51.
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  • Lo, D., Zhang Y., “China and the quest for alternatives to neoliberalism”, Economic Transitions to Neoliberalism in Middle-Income Countries, ed. Alfredo Saad- Filho and Galip L. Yalman, London and New York: Routledge, 2010, pp.166- 167, 171-172, 174.
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  • Ramo, J.C., “The Beijing Consensus”, London: The Foreign Policy Centre, 2005, pp. 4, 21 55, available at http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/244.pdf.
  • Ravaillon, M., Chen, S., “China’s (uneven) progress against poverty”, Journal of Development Economics, 2007, Vol. 82 (1), pp.1-42, 2007.
  • Ruckert, A. “Towards an Inclusive-Neoliberal Regime of Development: From the Washington to the Post-Washington Consensus”, Labor, Capital and Society, 2006, Vol. 39, No.1, pp.36-38, 41-59, 61, 67.
  • Saad-Filho, A., & Johnston, D., “Introduction”, Neoliberalism, A Critical Reader ed. Alfredo Saad-Filho and Deborah Johnston, London: Pluto Press, 2005, p.1.
  • Saad-Filho, A., “From Washington to Post-Washington Consensus: Neoliberal Agendas for Economic Development”, Neoliberalism, A Critical Reader ed. Alfredo Saad-Filho and Deborah Johnston, London : Pluto Press, 2005, pp.113-118.
  • Saad-Filho, A. & Yalman, G. L., “Introduction”, Economic Transitions toNeoliberalism in Middle-Income Countries ed. Alfredo Saad-Filho and Galip L. Yalman, London and New York: Routledge, 2010, pp.1-7. “STATISTA”, Accessed Date: 17.04.2021,
  • https://www.statista.com/statistics/250400/inequality-of-income- distribution-in-china-based-on-the-gini-index/
  • Shambaugh, D., China’s Communist Party: Atrophy and Adaptation Washington, Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2008, pp. 4-5.
  • Stiglitz, J. E., “More Instruments and Broader Goals: Moving Toward the Post- Washington Consensus.” WIDER Annual Lectures, UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, January 1998, p.30.
  • Von Roda, A. G., “The State Advances the Private Sector Retreats- Crisis Economic Policy in China”, Global Policy, 14th May 2010, available at http://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/14/05/2010/state-advances- private-sector-retreats-crisis-economic-policy-china
  • Weber, I., “China and Neoliberalism: Moving Beyond the China Is/Is Not Neoliberal Dichotomy”, The SAGE Handbook of Neoliberalism, ed. Damien Cahill, Melinda Cooper, Martijn Konings, David Primrose, London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2018, pp. 219-233.

Neoliberalism and China

Year 2021, Issue: 26, 268 - 289, 30.04.2021

Abstract

China recorded a remarkable economic performance since the reform period began at the end of the 1970s. Consequently, this reform experience attracted the attention of the whole world and different academic explanations of the process have emerged. In response to the approach which views China’s new system as an alternative to neoliberalism, this paper puts emphasis on the role of the Chinese state in implementing neoliberal policies during the reform period, transforming social relations and sustaining problems of poverty and different types of inequalities. Discussing whether China would be seen as an alternative to neoliberalism also necessitates to overview the discussions on neoliberalism which has been presented to have no alternative. Within this perspective, the purpose of this paper is to explain that China’s economic and social transformation since the beginning of the 1980s has not been an alternative to the neoliberal system.

References

  • Amin, S., “China 2013”, Monthly Review, 2013, Vol.64, Issue 10, pp. 19-24.
  • Arrighi, G., Adam Smith in Beijing, London & New York: Verso, 2007.
  • Ataçay, M. N., “Çin Mucizesi”nin Bir Çıkmazı: Bölgesel Eşitsizlikler, Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 2019, Vol. 3(2), pp. 151-176.
  • Ataçay, M. N., “Çin Mucizesi”nin Bir Çıkmazı: Kent-Kır Açıklığı, Turkish Studies- Social Sciences, 2020, Vol. 15(5), 2020, pp. 2363-2376.
  • Braudel, F., Civilization and Capitalism: 15th-18th Century, Vol. II, Vol. III, University of California Press, 1992.
  • Cai, F., Wang, D., Du, Y., “Regional Disparity and economic growth in China, the impact of labor market distortions”, China Economic Review, 2002, 13(2-3), p. 197.
  • Cammack, P., “What the World Bank Means by Poverty Reduction, and Why it Matters”, New Political Economy, 2004, Vol.9, No.2, pp. 190-191, 193, 197, 200-201, 206.
  • Christiansen, F., “Arrighi’s Adam Smith in Beijing: Engaging China”, Historical Materialism, 2010, Vol. 18, No.1, p.114.
  • Clarke, S., “The Neoliberal Theory of Society”, Neoliberalism A Critical Reader, ed. Alfreo Saad-Filho and Deborah Johston,London: Pluto Press, 2005, p. 58.
  • Fine, B., “Examining the Ideas of Globalisation and Development Critically: What Role for Political Economy?”, New Political Economy, 2004, Vol.9, No. 2, p. 226.
  • Hart-Landsberg, M., Burkett, P., China and Socialism, Monthly Review Press, New York, 2005.
  • Harvey, D., “Neoliberalism as a Creative Destruction”, The Annals of the American Academy of political and social Sciece, 2007, 610, pp. 22-44.
  • Hayami, Y., “From the Washington Consensus to the Post-Washington Consensus: Retrospect and Prospect”, Asian Development Review, 2003, Vol. 20, No. 2, p. 57.
  • Horesh, N., Lim, K. F., “China: an East Asian alternative to neoliberalism?”, The Pacific Review, 2017, Vol.30, issue 4, pp. 431.
  • Hui, W., “The Historical Origin of Chinese “Neoliberalism””, The Chinese Economy, July–August 2003, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 3, 4.
  • Jessop, B., The Future of the Capitalist State, UK: Polity, 2002, PP. 58-61, 80.
  • Li, M., “An Age of Transition: The United States, China, Peak Oil, and the Demise of Neoliberalism”, Monthly Review, Vol. 59, Issue 11, 2008, pp.20-34.
  • Li, M., “The Rise of the Working Class and the Future of the Chinese Revolution”, Monthly Review, Vol. 63, Issue 2, 2011, 2011, pp.38-51.
  • Li, B., Piachaud, D., “Poverty and Inequality and Social Policy in China”, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics, 2004, p. 87.
  • Lo, D., Zhang Y., “China and the quest for alternatives to neoliberalism”, Economic Transitions to Neoliberalism in Middle-Income Countries, ed. Alfredo Saad- Filho and Galip L. Yalman, London and New York: Routledge, 2010, pp.166- 167, 171-172, 174.
  • Meisner, M., Mao’s China and After, History of the People’s Republic, Massachusetts: The Free Press, 1999, p.465.
  • Munck, R., “Neoliberalism and Politics, and the Politics of Neoliberalism”, in Neoliberalism, A Critical Reader ed. Alfredo Saad-Filho and Deborah Johnston, London: Pluto Press, 2005, pp. 63, 68.
  • Öniş, Z., Şenses, F., “Rethinking the Emerging Post-Washington Consensus”, Development and Change, 2005, Vol.36, No.2, pp.264, 268, 271, 284-286, 290.
  • Pender, J., “From ‘Structural Adjustment’ to ‘Comprehensive Development Framework’: conditionality transformed?” Third World Quarterly, 2001, Vol. 22, No.3, pp.398-400, 402, 404, 407.
  • Piovani, C., Li M., “One Hundred Million Jobs for the Chinese Workers Why China’s Current Model of Development Is Unsustainable and How a Progressive Economic Program Can Help the Chinese Workers, the Chinese Economy, and China’s Environment”, Review of Radical Political Economics, 2011, Vol.43, No.1, pp.77-94.
  • Pradella, L., “Beijing between Smith and Marx”, Historical Materialism, 2010, Vol. 18, No.1, pp.91-99.
  • Radice, H., “Neoliberal Globalisation: Imperialism without Empires?”, Neoliberalism, A Critical Reader ed. Alfredo Saad-Filho and Deborah Johnston, London : Pluto Press, 2005, pp.96-97.
  • Ramo, J.C., “The Beijing Consensus”, London: The Foreign Policy Centre, 2005, pp. 4, 21 55, available at http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/244.pdf.
  • Ravaillon, M., Chen, S., “China’s (uneven) progress against poverty”, Journal of Development Economics, 2007, Vol. 82 (1), pp.1-42, 2007.
  • Ruckert, A. “Towards an Inclusive-Neoliberal Regime of Development: From the Washington to the Post-Washington Consensus”, Labor, Capital and Society, 2006, Vol. 39, No.1, pp.36-38, 41-59, 61, 67.
  • Saad-Filho, A., & Johnston, D., “Introduction”, Neoliberalism, A Critical Reader ed. Alfredo Saad-Filho and Deborah Johnston, London: Pluto Press, 2005, p.1.
  • Saad-Filho, A., “From Washington to Post-Washington Consensus: Neoliberal Agendas for Economic Development”, Neoliberalism, A Critical Reader ed. Alfredo Saad-Filho and Deborah Johnston, London : Pluto Press, 2005, pp.113-118.
  • Saad-Filho, A. & Yalman, G. L., “Introduction”, Economic Transitions toNeoliberalism in Middle-Income Countries ed. Alfredo Saad-Filho and Galip L. Yalman, London and New York: Routledge, 2010, pp.1-7. “STATISTA”, Accessed Date: 17.04.2021,
  • https://www.statista.com/statistics/250400/inequality-of-income- distribution-in-china-based-on-the-gini-index/
  • Shambaugh, D., China’s Communist Party: Atrophy and Adaptation Washington, Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2008, pp. 4-5.
  • Stiglitz, J. E., “More Instruments and Broader Goals: Moving Toward the Post- Washington Consensus.” WIDER Annual Lectures, UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, January 1998, p.30.
  • Von Roda, A. G., “The State Advances the Private Sector Retreats- Crisis Economic Policy in China”, Global Policy, 14th May 2010, available at http://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/14/05/2010/state-advances- private-sector-retreats-crisis-economic-policy-china
  • Weber, I., “China and Neoliberalism: Moving Beyond the China Is/Is Not Neoliberal Dichotomy”, The SAGE Handbook of Neoliberalism, ed. Damien Cahill, Melinda Cooper, Martijn Konings, David Primrose, London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2018, pp. 219-233.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

M. Nergis Ataçay This is me

Publication Date April 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 26

Cite

APA Ataçay, M. N. (2021). Neoliberalism and China. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(26), 268-289.