Research Article
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The Impact of Patriotism and Religiosity on Life Satisfaction

Year 2023, Issue: 32, 341 - 357, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.54600/igdirsosbilder.1196077

Abstract

Social scientists have persuasively documented the relationship between religion and life satisfaction in Western societies; however, the empirical findings or related theory about how religion shapes life satisfaction in Islamic countries is limited. There is a scarcity of research that examines how patriotism may impact satisfaction with life among Muslims as well as Western societies. Therefore, the present study examines the relationships between patriotism, religion, and life satisfaction in Turkey, which is known for its Muslim culture. Using World Value Survey 2017-2020 (n = 2415), related to two different approaches, four hypotheses were created and attempted to be tested. This study provides compelling evidence in which direction patriotism and religion impact life satisfaction. Findings from this work suggest that people who can be considered patriots have more favorable satisfaction with life. In the same direction, the importance of religion, traditional religious faith, and prayer practice seem to predict positive overall satisfaction with life in Turkey. The findings of the research analysis were discussed and concluded in the social and cultural context of Turkey.

References

  • Abdel-Khalek, A.M. (2014). Religiosity and well-being in a Muslim context. In: Kim-Prieto, C. (eds) Religion and spirituality across cultures (pp.71-85). Cross-Cultural Advancements in Positive Psychology, vol.9. Springer.
  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Naceur, F. (2007). Religiosity and its association with positive and negative emotions among college students from Algeria. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 10(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/13694670500497197
  • Alkandari, J. R., Maughan, R. J., Roky, R., Aziz, A. R., & Karli, U. (2012). The implications of Ramadan fasting for human health and well-being. Journal of sports sciences, 30(1), S9–S19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.698298
  • Assari S. (2013). Race and ethnicity, religion involvement, church-based social support and subjective health in United States: A case of moderated mediation. International journal of preventive medicine, 4(2), 208–217.
  • Baltatescu, S. (2009). National identity and happiness: A quantitative study with Romanian data. In Vaisle Boari., Sergiu Gherghina., (Eds.), Weighting the difference: Romanian identity in the wider European context (pp. 184-209.). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Bayani, A. A., Esmaeili, R., & Ganji, G. (2020). The impact of fasting on the psychological well-being of Muslim graduate students. Journal of religion and health, 59(6), 3270–3275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-00740-3
  • Bergan, A. & McConatha, J. T. (2001). Religiosity and life satisfaction. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 24(3), 23-34
  • Calandri, E. & Graziano, F. (2022). Importance of religion and subjective well-being among Italian adolescents: The mediating role of positivity and the moderating role of age. Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology, 3(2022), 1.
  • Delener, N. (1990). The effects of religious factors on perceived risk in durable goods purchase decisions. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 7(3), 27–38.
  • Diener, E. ve Biswas-Diener, R. (2002). Will money increase subjective well-being?: A literaturereview and guide to needed research. Social Indicators Research, 57, 119-169.
  • Dixon, C. (2020). Exploring the relationship between life satisfaction, nationalism and patriotism using a multivariate analysis of covariance. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/exper/Downloads/Manuscript.pdf
  • Dumludag, D., Gokdemir, O. & Giray, S. (2016). Income comparison, collectivism and life satisfaction in Turkey. Quality & Quantity 50, 955–980. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-015-0185-1
  • Elliott, M., & Hayward, R. D. (2009). Religion and life satisfaction worldwide: The role of government regulation. Sociology of Religion, 70(3), 285–310.
  • Ellison C. G. (1991). Religious involvement and subjective well-being. Journal of health and social behavior, 32(1), 80–99.
  • Ellison, C. G., & Gay, D. A. (1990). Region, religious commitment, and life satisfaction among Black Americans. The Sociological Quarterly, 31(1), 123–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1990.tb00321.x
  • Ellison, C. G., Gay, D. A., & Glass, T. A. (1989). Does religious commitment contribute to individual life satisfaction? Social Forces, 68(1), 100–123. https://doi.org/10.2307/2579222
  • Ellison, C. G., & Levin, J. S. (1998). The religion-health connection: evidence, theory, and future directions. Health education & behavior: the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education, 25(6), 700–720. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819802500603
  • Eroğlu, S. E., Bozgeyikli, H., & Çalişir, V. (2009). Life satisfaction depending on socio-economic status and gender among Turkish students. Policy Futures in Education, 7(4), 379–386. https://doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2009.7.4.379
  • Gitmez, A. S., & Morcol, G. (1994). Socio-economic status and life satisfaction in Turkey. Social Indicators Research, 31, 77.
  • Grozdanovska, E. (2016). The relationship between national identity, subjective well-being and meaning in life. Suvremena psihologija, 19(1), 91-99.
  • Hintikka, J., Koskela, T., Kontula, O., Koskela, K., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H.-T., & Viinamäki, H. (2001). Religious attendance and life satisfaction in the Finnish general population. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 29(2), 158–164.
  • Hussain, A.M. (2019). Prayer in Islam. Retrieved from https://www.bl.uk/sacred-texts/articles/prayer-in-islam
  • Jackson, B. R., & Bergeman, C. S. (2011). How does religiosity enhance well-being? the role of perceived control. Psychology of religion and spirituality, 3(2), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021597
  • Koenig H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health: the research and clinical implications. ISRN psychiatry, 2012, 278730. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730
  • Lazar, A. (2015). The relation between prayer type and life satisfaction in religious Jewish men and women: The moderating effects of prayer duration and belief in prayer. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 25(3), 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2014.920603
  • Lauche, R., Fathi, I., Saddat, C., Klose, P., Al-Abtah, J., Büssing, A., et al. (2016). The effects of Ramadan fasting on physical and mental health in healthy adult Muslims study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Advances in Integrative Medicine, 3(1), 26–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2016.07.001
  • Lim, C. (2016). Religion, time use, and affective well-being. Sociological Science, 3, 685-709
  • Lim, C., & Putnam, R. D. (2010). Religion, Social Networks, and Life Satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 75(6), 914–933.
  • Maltby, J., Lewis, C. A., & Day, L. (1999). Religious orientation and psychological well-being: The role of the frequency of personal prayer. British Journal of Health Psychology, 4(Part 4), 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1348/135910799168704
  • Markides, K. S., Levin, J. S., & Ray, L. A. (1987). Religion, aging, and life satisfaction: An eight-year, three-wave longitudinal study. The Gerontologist, 27(5), 660–665. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/27.5.660
  • Meisenhelder, J.B., & Chandler, E.N. (2001). Frequency of prayer and functional health in presbyterian pastors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40, 323-330.
  • Mousavi, S. A., Rezaei, M., AmiriBaghni, S., & Seifi, M. (2014). Effect of fasting on mental health in the general population of Kermanshah, Iran. Journal of Fasting and Health, 2(2), 65–70.
  • Najam, K. S., Khan, R. S., Waheed, A., & Hassan, R. (2019). Impact of Islamic practices on the mental health of Muslims. International Dental & Medical Journal of Advanced Research, 5, 1–6.
  • OECD. (2022). Life satisfaction – Türkiye. Retrieved from (October 27, 2022) https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/turkiye/
  • Okulicz-Kozaryn, A. (2010). Religiosity and life satisfaction across nations. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 13, 155-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13674670903273801
  • Öztürk, F., Malkoç, S., & Ersoy, A.F. (2016). Patriotism as perceived by social studies teachers: An outlook on the individual, society and education. Pamukkale University Journal of Education, 40, 205-218.
  • Parveen, R. R. (2018). The namaz and its significance to the Muslim community. Retrieved from (October 20, 2022) https://theprint.in/india/governance/the-namaz-and-its-significance-to-the-muslim-community/168998/
  • Petersen, L.R., & Roy, A. (1985). Religiosity, anxiety, and meaning and purpose: Religion's consequences for psychological well-being. Review of Religious Research, 27, 49.
  • Primoratz, I. (2020). Patriotism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/patriotism/
  • Reeskens, T., & Wright, M. (2011). Subjective well-being and national satisfaction: taking seriously the "Proud of what?" question. Psychological science, 22(11), 1460–1462.
  • Rosmarin, D. H., Pargament, K. I., & Mahoney, A. (2009). The role of religiousness in anxiety, depression, and happiness in a Jewish community sample: A preliminary investigation. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 12(2), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670802321933
  • Selim, S. (2008). Life satisfaction and happiness in Turkey. Social Indicators Research, 88, 531–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-007-9218-z
  • Strine, T. W., Chapman, D. P., Balluz, L. S., Moriarty, D. G., & Mokdad, A. H. (2008). The associations between life satisfaction and health-related quality of life, chronic illness, and health behaviors among U.S. community-dwelling adults. Journal of community health, 33(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-007-9066-4
  • Ten Kate, J., de Koster, W., & van der Waal, J. (2017). The effect of religiosity on life satisfaction in a secularized context: assessing the relevance of believing and belonging. Review of religious research, 59(2), 135–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-016-0282-1
  • The Nobel Quran. (2022). Retrieved from https://quran.com/en
  • Van Bavel, J. J., Cichocka, A., Capraro, V., Sjåstad, H., Nezlek, J. B., Pavlović, T., Alfano, M., Gelfand, M. J., Azevedo, F., Birtel, M. D., Cislak, A., Lockwood, P. L., Ross, R. M., Abts, K., Agadullina, E., Aruta, J., Besharati, S. N., Bor, A., Choma, B. L., Crabtree, C. D., … Boggio, P. S. (2022). National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic. Nature communications, 13(1), 517.
  • Veenhoven, R. (1996). The study of life satisfaction. In W. E. Saris, R. Veenhoven, A. C. Scherpenzeel, & B. Bunting (Eds.), A comparative study of satisfaction with life in Europe (pp. 11-48). Budapest: EOtvOs University Press.
  • Watlington, C. G., & Murphy, C. M. (2006). The roles of religion and spirituality among African American survivors of domestic violence. Journal of clinical psychology, 62(7), 837–857. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20268
  • Whittington, B. L., & Scher, S. J. (2010). Prayer and subjective well-being: An examination of six different types of prayer. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 20(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508610903146316
  • Yonah, Y. (1997). Patriotism, alienation, and well-being: Rousseau on political legitimacy. Iyyun: The Jerusalem Philosophical Quarterly, 46, 293-326.

Vatanseverlik ve Dindarlığın Yaşam Doyumu Üzerindeki Etkisi

Year 2023, Issue: 32, 341 - 357, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.54600/igdirsosbilder.1196077

Abstract

Sosyal bilimciler, batı toplumlarında din ve yaşam memnuniyeti arasındaki ilişkiyi ikna edici bir şekilde belgelemiş olsalar da, İslam ülkelerinde dinin yaşam memnuniyetini nasıl şekillendirdiğine dair ampirik bulgular veya ilgili teori sınırlıdır. Ayrıca, vatanseverliğin batı toplumlarına benzer şekilde Müslümanlar arasında da hayattan duyulan memnuniyeti nasıl etkileyebileceğini inceleyen araştırma neredeyse bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma bir İslami kültürüyle bilinen Türkiye'de vatanseverlik ve din olgularının yaşam doyumu üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Çalışmada 2017-2020 Dünya Değer Anketi (n = 2415) kullanılarak iki farklı yaklaşımla ilgili dört hipotez oluşturulmuş ve test edilerek ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma, vatanseverlik ve dinin yaşam memnuniyetini hangi yönde etkilediğine dair ikna edici kanıtlar sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular, vatansever olarak kabul edilebilecek insanların yaşamdan daha olumlu bir doyuma sahip olduklarını göstermektedir. Aynı doğrultuda, dine verilen önem, geleneksel dini inanç ve dua uygulamaları Türkiye'deki bireyler arasında olumlu genel yaşam memnuniyetini öngörmüştür. Araştırma analizinin bulguları Türkiye'nin sosyal ve kültürel bağlamında tartışılmış ve sonuçlandırılmıştır.

References

  • Abdel-Khalek, A.M. (2014). Religiosity and well-being in a Muslim context. In: Kim-Prieto, C. (eds) Religion and spirituality across cultures (pp.71-85). Cross-Cultural Advancements in Positive Psychology, vol.9. Springer.
  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Naceur, F. (2007). Religiosity and its association with positive and negative emotions among college students from Algeria. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 10(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/13694670500497197
  • Alkandari, J. R., Maughan, R. J., Roky, R., Aziz, A. R., & Karli, U. (2012). The implications of Ramadan fasting for human health and well-being. Journal of sports sciences, 30(1), S9–S19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.698298
  • Assari S. (2013). Race and ethnicity, religion involvement, church-based social support and subjective health in United States: A case of moderated mediation. International journal of preventive medicine, 4(2), 208–217.
  • Baltatescu, S. (2009). National identity and happiness: A quantitative study with Romanian data. In Vaisle Boari., Sergiu Gherghina., (Eds.), Weighting the difference: Romanian identity in the wider European context (pp. 184-209.). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Bayani, A. A., Esmaeili, R., & Ganji, G. (2020). The impact of fasting on the psychological well-being of Muslim graduate students. Journal of religion and health, 59(6), 3270–3275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-00740-3
  • Bergan, A. & McConatha, J. T. (2001). Religiosity and life satisfaction. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 24(3), 23-34
  • Calandri, E. & Graziano, F. (2022). Importance of religion and subjective well-being among Italian adolescents: The mediating role of positivity and the moderating role of age. Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology, 3(2022), 1.
  • Delener, N. (1990). The effects of religious factors on perceived risk in durable goods purchase decisions. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 7(3), 27–38.
  • Diener, E. ve Biswas-Diener, R. (2002). Will money increase subjective well-being?: A literaturereview and guide to needed research. Social Indicators Research, 57, 119-169.
  • Dixon, C. (2020). Exploring the relationship between life satisfaction, nationalism and patriotism using a multivariate analysis of covariance. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/exper/Downloads/Manuscript.pdf
  • Dumludag, D., Gokdemir, O. & Giray, S. (2016). Income comparison, collectivism and life satisfaction in Turkey. Quality & Quantity 50, 955–980. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-015-0185-1
  • Elliott, M., & Hayward, R. D. (2009). Religion and life satisfaction worldwide: The role of government regulation. Sociology of Religion, 70(3), 285–310.
  • Ellison C. G. (1991). Religious involvement and subjective well-being. Journal of health and social behavior, 32(1), 80–99.
  • Ellison, C. G., & Gay, D. A. (1990). Region, religious commitment, and life satisfaction among Black Americans. The Sociological Quarterly, 31(1), 123–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1990.tb00321.x
  • Ellison, C. G., Gay, D. A., & Glass, T. A. (1989). Does religious commitment contribute to individual life satisfaction? Social Forces, 68(1), 100–123. https://doi.org/10.2307/2579222
  • Ellison, C. G., & Levin, J. S. (1998). The religion-health connection: evidence, theory, and future directions. Health education & behavior: the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education, 25(6), 700–720. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819802500603
  • Eroğlu, S. E., Bozgeyikli, H., & Çalişir, V. (2009). Life satisfaction depending on socio-economic status and gender among Turkish students. Policy Futures in Education, 7(4), 379–386. https://doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2009.7.4.379
  • Gitmez, A. S., & Morcol, G. (1994). Socio-economic status and life satisfaction in Turkey. Social Indicators Research, 31, 77.
  • Grozdanovska, E. (2016). The relationship between national identity, subjective well-being and meaning in life. Suvremena psihologija, 19(1), 91-99.
  • Hintikka, J., Koskela, T., Kontula, O., Koskela, K., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H.-T., & Viinamäki, H. (2001). Religious attendance and life satisfaction in the Finnish general population. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 29(2), 158–164.
  • Hussain, A.M. (2019). Prayer in Islam. Retrieved from https://www.bl.uk/sacred-texts/articles/prayer-in-islam
  • Jackson, B. R., & Bergeman, C. S. (2011). How does religiosity enhance well-being? the role of perceived control. Psychology of religion and spirituality, 3(2), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021597
  • Koenig H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health: the research and clinical implications. ISRN psychiatry, 2012, 278730. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730
  • Lazar, A. (2015). The relation between prayer type and life satisfaction in religious Jewish men and women: The moderating effects of prayer duration and belief in prayer. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 25(3), 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2014.920603
  • Lauche, R., Fathi, I., Saddat, C., Klose, P., Al-Abtah, J., Büssing, A., et al. (2016). The effects of Ramadan fasting on physical and mental health in healthy adult Muslims study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Advances in Integrative Medicine, 3(1), 26–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2016.07.001
  • Lim, C. (2016). Religion, time use, and affective well-being. Sociological Science, 3, 685-709
  • Lim, C., & Putnam, R. D. (2010). Religion, Social Networks, and Life Satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 75(6), 914–933.
  • Maltby, J., Lewis, C. A., & Day, L. (1999). Religious orientation and psychological well-being: The role of the frequency of personal prayer. British Journal of Health Psychology, 4(Part 4), 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1348/135910799168704
  • Markides, K. S., Levin, J. S., & Ray, L. A. (1987). Religion, aging, and life satisfaction: An eight-year, three-wave longitudinal study. The Gerontologist, 27(5), 660–665. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/27.5.660
  • Meisenhelder, J.B., & Chandler, E.N. (2001). Frequency of prayer and functional health in presbyterian pastors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40, 323-330.
  • Mousavi, S. A., Rezaei, M., AmiriBaghni, S., & Seifi, M. (2014). Effect of fasting on mental health in the general population of Kermanshah, Iran. Journal of Fasting and Health, 2(2), 65–70.
  • Najam, K. S., Khan, R. S., Waheed, A., & Hassan, R. (2019). Impact of Islamic practices on the mental health of Muslims. International Dental & Medical Journal of Advanced Research, 5, 1–6.
  • OECD. (2022). Life satisfaction – Türkiye. Retrieved from (October 27, 2022) https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/turkiye/
  • Okulicz-Kozaryn, A. (2010). Religiosity and life satisfaction across nations. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 13, 155-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13674670903273801
  • Öztürk, F., Malkoç, S., & Ersoy, A.F. (2016). Patriotism as perceived by social studies teachers: An outlook on the individual, society and education. Pamukkale University Journal of Education, 40, 205-218.
  • Parveen, R. R. (2018). The namaz and its significance to the Muslim community. Retrieved from (October 20, 2022) https://theprint.in/india/governance/the-namaz-and-its-significance-to-the-muslim-community/168998/
  • Petersen, L.R., & Roy, A. (1985). Religiosity, anxiety, and meaning and purpose: Religion's consequences for psychological well-being. Review of Religious Research, 27, 49.
  • Primoratz, I. (2020). Patriotism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/patriotism/
  • Reeskens, T., & Wright, M. (2011). Subjective well-being and national satisfaction: taking seriously the "Proud of what?" question. Psychological science, 22(11), 1460–1462.
  • Rosmarin, D. H., Pargament, K. I., & Mahoney, A. (2009). The role of religiousness in anxiety, depression, and happiness in a Jewish community sample: A preliminary investigation. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 12(2), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670802321933
  • Selim, S. (2008). Life satisfaction and happiness in Turkey. Social Indicators Research, 88, 531–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-007-9218-z
  • Strine, T. W., Chapman, D. P., Balluz, L. S., Moriarty, D. G., & Mokdad, A. H. (2008). The associations between life satisfaction and health-related quality of life, chronic illness, and health behaviors among U.S. community-dwelling adults. Journal of community health, 33(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-007-9066-4
  • Ten Kate, J., de Koster, W., & van der Waal, J. (2017). The effect of religiosity on life satisfaction in a secularized context: assessing the relevance of believing and belonging. Review of religious research, 59(2), 135–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-016-0282-1
  • The Nobel Quran. (2022). Retrieved from https://quran.com/en
  • Van Bavel, J. J., Cichocka, A., Capraro, V., Sjåstad, H., Nezlek, J. B., Pavlović, T., Alfano, M., Gelfand, M. J., Azevedo, F., Birtel, M. D., Cislak, A., Lockwood, P. L., Ross, R. M., Abts, K., Agadullina, E., Aruta, J., Besharati, S. N., Bor, A., Choma, B. L., Crabtree, C. D., … Boggio, P. S. (2022). National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic. Nature communications, 13(1), 517.
  • Veenhoven, R. (1996). The study of life satisfaction. In W. E. Saris, R. Veenhoven, A. C. Scherpenzeel, & B. Bunting (Eds.), A comparative study of satisfaction with life in Europe (pp. 11-48). Budapest: EOtvOs University Press.
  • Watlington, C. G., & Murphy, C. M. (2006). The roles of religion and spirituality among African American survivors of domestic violence. Journal of clinical psychology, 62(7), 837–857. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20268
  • Whittington, B. L., & Scher, S. J. (2010). Prayer and subjective well-being: An examination of six different types of prayer. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 20(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508610903146316
  • Yonah, Y. (1997). Patriotism, alienation, and well-being: Rousseau on political legitimacy. Iyyun: The Jerusalem Philosophical Quarterly, 46, 293-326.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ahmet Fidan 0000-0002-8992-6875

Publication Date January 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 32

Cite

APA Fidan, A. (2023). The Impact of Patriotism and Religiosity on Life Satisfaction. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(32), 341-357. https://doi.org/10.54600/igdirsosbilder.1196077