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VENA KAVA SÜPERİOR SENDROMLU OLGULARDA ENDOBRONŞİAL ULTRASONOGRAFİNİN TANIDAKİ ROLÜ

Year 2016, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 157 - 165, 01.12.2016

Abstract

Amaç: Vena cava superior sendromu (VCSS), baş boyun ve üst ekstremitelerde ödem ve konjesyonla karakterize bir sendromdur. Minimal invazif bir tanı yöntemi olan endobronşial ultrasonografi (EBUS) konvansiyonel yöntemlerle tanı konulamayan olgularda tanı amaçlı olarak da kullanılabilmektedir. Çalışmamızda VCSS bulguları ile başvuran EBUS ile tanı koyduğumuz olgularımızdaki deneyimimizi paylaşmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2011- Ağustos 2015 tarihleri arasında kliniğimize VCSS bulguları ile başvuran ve tanı için EBUS uygulanan olguların dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 12(%85.7)'si erkek, 2(%14.3)'si kadın yaş ortalamaları 62.6±8.9 yıl olan toplam 14 olgu dahil edildi. En sık başvuru şikayeti nefes darlığı (%72.7) idi. Olguların ortalama lezyon boyutu 47.4±16.8 mm bulundu. Onbir (%78.6) olguda EBUS ile kitleden transbronşial iğne aspirasyon biopsisi (TBİA) yapılırken, bir olguda 11L lenf bezinden, bir olguda 2R lenf bezinden, bir olguda ise prekarinal alandan TBİA yapılmıştı. Olgu başına düşen aspirasyon sayısı 3±0.6 olarak hesaplandı. EBUS rehberliğinde yapılan TBİA işlemi 12(%85.7) olguda tanısal olurken, tanı konulamayan 2(%14.3) olgudan birine mediastinoskopi diğerine de bilgisayarlı tomografi rehberliğinde İAB ile hücre tanısı konuldu. Bu iki olgunun da final tanıları skuamöz hücreli karsinomdu. EBUS rehberliğinde yapılan TBİA ile 5 olgu skuamöz hücreli karsinom, 5 olgu küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanseri, 1 olgu küçük hücreli akciğer kanseri ve 1 olgu da nekrozlaşmayan granülomatöz iltihap tanıları aldı. Sonuç: Endobronşial lezyonu olmayan VCSS olgularında EBUS-TBNA güvenli ve tanı değeri yüksek bir yöntemdir. Bu yöntem diğer tanısal araçlar net patolojik tanı elde edilemiyor ise rutin kullanılabilir.

References

  • 1. Parish JM, Marschke RF, Dines DE, Lee RE. Etiologic considerations in superior vena cava syndrome. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 1981; 56(7): 407-13.
  • 2. Peltier J, Destrieux C, Desme J, Renard C, Remond A, Velut S. The persistent left superior vena cava: anatomical study, pathogenesis and clinical considerations. Surg Radiol Anat 2006; 28: 206-210.
  • 3. Straka C, Ying J, Kong FM, Willey CD, Kaminsky J, Kim DWN. Review of evolving etiologies, implications and treatment strategies fort he superior vena cava syndrome. Springer Plus 2016; 5: 229-41
  • 4. Aslan NÇ, Fındık O, Tabur A, Aydın U. Superior vena cava syndrome that is consulted with angioedema like symptoms. Medical Journal of Kocaeli 2013; 2: 26-29.
  • 5. Karaağaç G, Sarıman N, Levent E, Şimşek S, Güney Ş, Karakoca Y. Vena kava süperior trakeobronşiyal stenozlu iki olguda çift stent (Trakeobronşiyal dumon ve endovasküler wallstent tedavisi). Solunum Hastalıkları 2004; 15: 99-104.
  • 6. Krimssky WS, Behrens RJ, Kerkvliet GJ. Oncologic emergencies fort he internist. Cleveland clinic journal of medicine 2002; 69(3): 209-22.
  • 7. Keskin S, Eralp Y. Onkolojik aciller. Klinik gelişim 2011; 24: 10-13.
  • 8. Price CGA, Price P: Acute emergencies in oncology: general overview. In: Peckham M, Pinedo HM, Veronesi U, eds. Oxford textbook of oncology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2193-2201, 1995.
  • 9. Çağlayan B, Salepçi B. Endobronşial Ultrasonografi (EBUS) Konveks prob. (İn): Çağlayan B. Editör. Klinik uygulamada toraks ultrasonografisi. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Probiz.2010.s:9-18.
  • 10. Herth F, Becker HD, Ernst A. Conventional vs endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Chest 2004; 125: 322-5.
  • 11. Mountain CF, Dressler CM. Regional lymph node classification for lung cancer staging. Chest 1997; 111: 1718-23.
  • 12. Selçuk ZT, Fırat P. The diagnostic yield of tansbronchial needle aspiration in superior vena cava syndrome. Lung Cancer 2003; 42(2): 183- 8.
  • 13. Harrow EM, Abi-Saleh W, Blum J, Harkin T, Gasparını S, Addrizzo-Harris DJ, Arrolgia AC, Wight G, Mehta AC. The utility of transbronchial needle aspiration in the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161: 601-7.
  • 14. Banyai AL. Superior vena caval obstruction. Chest 1974; 65(5): 533.
  • 15. British Thoracic Society Bronchoscopy Guidelines Committee, a Subcommittee of Standards of Care Committee of British Thoracic Society. British Thoracic Society guidelines on diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy. Thorax 2001;56(Suppl. 1):i1–21.
  • 16. Prakash U, Utz JP. Bronchoscopic lung biopsy. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Science; 1995.
  • 17. Hua X, Zhang W, Feng H, Wei X, Qıao S, Lı Y. Clinical application of endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy fort he diagnosis of superior vena cava obstruction syndrome. Zhongguo Fei ai Zhi 2013; 16(9): 482-6.
  • 18. Wong MK, Tam TC, Lam DC, Ip Ms, Ho JC. EBUS-TBNA in patients presented with superior vena cava syndrome. Lung Cancer 2012; 70: 277-80.
  • 19. Selçuk TZ, Özbudak Ö. Endobronşial uygulamalar-tanı. Transbronşial iğne aspirasyonu. (İn): Metintaş M, Selçuk TZ, Yılmaz A. Editörler. Girişimsel Pulmonoloji.1.Baskı. Ankara: Rotatıp 2014. s. 229-44.
  • 20. Zhou ZL, Zhao H, Li Y, Sui XZ, Xie Z, Chen KZ, Yang F, Li FW, Liu J, Zheng HF, Wang J. Diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration in superior vena cava syndrome. Chin Med J 2013; 126(23): 4453-6.
  • 21. Medford ARL. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Int J Clin Pract 2010; 64(13): 1773-83.
  • 22. Madan KN, Madan K, Jain D, Walia R, Mohan A, Hadda V, Mathur S, Iyer V, Khilnani GC, Guleria R. Utility of conventional transbronchial needle aspiration with rapid on-site evaluation (cTBNA-ROSE) at a tertiary care center with endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) facility. J Cytol 2016; 33(1): 22–6.
  • 23. Chen CH, Cheng WC, Wu BR, Chen CY, Chen WC, Hsia TC, Liao WC, Tu CY, Shih CM, Hsu WH, Wang KP. İmproved diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy in peripheral pulmonary lesions: combination of radial probe endobronchial ultrasound rapid on site evaluation. J Thorac Dis. 2015; 7 (4): 418-25.

TEHE ROLE OF ENDOBRONCHIAL ULTRASOUND IN THE PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SYNDROME CASES

Year 2016, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 157 - 165, 01.12.2016

Abstract

Aim: Vena cava superior syndrome (VCSS) is characterized by edema and congestion at head, neck and upper extremities. Endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) which is a minimally invasive diagnostic method, can be used for diagnostic purposes in VCSS cases who could not diagnosed by conventional methods. The aim of study was to report our experience in patients admitted with the signs and symptoms of VCSS and diagnosed by EBUS-TBNA. Material and Methods: The files of VCSS cases, pathologically diagnosed with EBUS-TBNA between 2011 January-August 2015, were retrospectively examined. Results: Fourteen cases, 12 (85.7%) were male, 2 (14.3%) of women with a mean age 62.6±8.9 years were included in the study. The most common complaint was shortness of breath (72.7%). The average lesion size was 47.4±16.8 mm. EBUS-TBNA was performed from the mass lesion at 11(78.6%) of cases while it was performed from 11L lymph node in one case, from 2R in one case and from precarinal area in one case The number of aspiration per case was calculated as 3 ± 0.6 times. EBUS-TBNA was diagnostic in the 12(85.7%) of the cases whereas additional diagnostic methods were used for the pathological diagnosis of 2 (14.3%) cases (mediastinoscopy in one case and CT guided transthoracic needle aspiration in the other one). Conclusion: EBUS-TBNA is a safe method with high diagnostic value in patients of VCSS without endobronchial lesion. This method can be used routinely if pathological diagnosis can not be obtained with other diagnostic methods.

References

  • 1. Parish JM, Marschke RF, Dines DE, Lee RE. Etiologic considerations in superior vena cava syndrome. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 1981; 56(7): 407-13.
  • 2. Peltier J, Destrieux C, Desme J, Renard C, Remond A, Velut S. The persistent left superior vena cava: anatomical study, pathogenesis and clinical considerations. Surg Radiol Anat 2006; 28: 206-210.
  • 3. Straka C, Ying J, Kong FM, Willey CD, Kaminsky J, Kim DWN. Review of evolving etiologies, implications and treatment strategies fort he superior vena cava syndrome. Springer Plus 2016; 5: 229-41
  • 4. Aslan NÇ, Fındık O, Tabur A, Aydın U. Superior vena cava syndrome that is consulted with angioedema like symptoms. Medical Journal of Kocaeli 2013; 2: 26-29.
  • 5. Karaağaç G, Sarıman N, Levent E, Şimşek S, Güney Ş, Karakoca Y. Vena kava süperior trakeobronşiyal stenozlu iki olguda çift stent (Trakeobronşiyal dumon ve endovasküler wallstent tedavisi). Solunum Hastalıkları 2004; 15: 99-104.
  • 6. Krimssky WS, Behrens RJ, Kerkvliet GJ. Oncologic emergencies fort he internist. Cleveland clinic journal of medicine 2002; 69(3): 209-22.
  • 7. Keskin S, Eralp Y. Onkolojik aciller. Klinik gelişim 2011; 24: 10-13.
  • 8. Price CGA, Price P: Acute emergencies in oncology: general overview. In: Peckham M, Pinedo HM, Veronesi U, eds. Oxford textbook of oncology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2193-2201, 1995.
  • 9. Çağlayan B, Salepçi B. Endobronşial Ultrasonografi (EBUS) Konveks prob. (İn): Çağlayan B. Editör. Klinik uygulamada toraks ultrasonografisi. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Probiz.2010.s:9-18.
  • 10. Herth F, Becker HD, Ernst A. Conventional vs endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Chest 2004; 125: 322-5.
  • 11. Mountain CF, Dressler CM. Regional lymph node classification for lung cancer staging. Chest 1997; 111: 1718-23.
  • 12. Selçuk ZT, Fırat P. The diagnostic yield of tansbronchial needle aspiration in superior vena cava syndrome. Lung Cancer 2003; 42(2): 183- 8.
  • 13. Harrow EM, Abi-Saleh W, Blum J, Harkin T, Gasparını S, Addrizzo-Harris DJ, Arrolgia AC, Wight G, Mehta AC. The utility of transbronchial needle aspiration in the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161: 601-7.
  • 14. Banyai AL. Superior vena caval obstruction. Chest 1974; 65(5): 533.
  • 15. British Thoracic Society Bronchoscopy Guidelines Committee, a Subcommittee of Standards of Care Committee of British Thoracic Society. British Thoracic Society guidelines on diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy. Thorax 2001;56(Suppl. 1):i1–21.
  • 16. Prakash U, Utz JP. Bronchoscopic lung biopsy. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Science; 1995.
  • 17. Hua X, Zhang W, Feng H, Wei X, Qıao S, Lı Y. Clinical application of endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy fort he diagnosis of superior vena cava obstruction syndrome. Zhongguo Fei ai Zhi 2013; 16(9): 482-6.
  • 18. Wong MK, Tam TC, Lam DC, Ip Ms, Ho JC. EBUS-TBNA in patients presented with superior vena cava syndrome. Lung Cancer 2012; 70: 277-80.
  • 19. Selçuk TZ, Özbudak Ö. Endobronşial uygulamalar-tanı. Transbronşial iğne aspirasyonu. (İn): Metintaş M, Selçuk TZ, Yılmaz A. Editörler. Girişimsel Pulmonoloji.1.Baskı. Ankara: Rotatıp 2014. s. 229-44.
  • 20. Zhou ZL, Zhao H, Li Y, Sui XZ, Xie Z, Chen KZ, Yang F, Li FW, Liu J, Zheng HF, Wang J. Diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration in superior vena cava syndrome. Chin Med J 2013; 126(23): 4453-6.
  • 21. Medford ARL. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Int J Clin Pract 2010; 64(13): 1773-83.
  • 22. Madan KN, Madan K, Jain D, Walia R, Mohan A, Hadda V, Mathur S, Iyer V, Khilnani GC, Guleria R. Utility of conventional transbronchial needle aspiration with rapid on-site evaluation (cTBNA-ROSE) at a tertiary care center with endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) facility. J Cytol 2016; 33(1): 22–6.
  • 23. Chen CH, Cheng WC, Wu BR, Chen CY, Chen WC, Hsia TC, Liao WC, Tu CY, Shih CM, Hsu WH, Wang KP. İmproved diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy in peripheral pulmonary lesions: combination of radial probe endobronchial ultrasound rapid on site evaluation. J Thorac Dis. 2015; 7 (4): 418-25.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA28RY97BD
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Coşkun Doğan This is me

Benan Çağlayan This is me

Sevda Şener Cömert This is me

Banu Salepçi This is me

Önder Çetin This is me

Dilek Ece This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 30 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Doğan, C., Çağlayan, B., Cömert, S. Ş., Salepçi, B., et al. (2016). VENA KAVA SÜPERİOR SENDROMLU OLGULARDA ENDOBRONŞİAL ULTRASONOGRAFİNİN TANIDAKİ ROLÜ. İzmir Göğüs Hastanesi Dergisi, 30(3), 157-165.