AB Temel Haklar Politikası ve Eleştirileri

Abstract

Avrupa Birliği AB , temel hak ve özgürlüklerin en gelişmiş seviyesini temsil etmekte olduğunu öne sürmekte ve insan haklarının korunmasını ve güçlendirilmesini dış politikasının amaçlarından biri olarak belirlemektedir. AB, aynı zamanda, temel hakların korunmasını kendine meşruiyet sağlamanın ve kendi kimlik inşasının bir enstrümanı olarak kullanmaktadır. Ne var ki, AB, izlemiş olduğu temel haklar politikasında eleştirilerle karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada AB’nin temel haklar politikasına yöneltilen eleştirilerin nedenleri irdelenmektedir

Keywords

• Avrupa Birliği,Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi,Avrupa Temel

The EU Fundamental Rights Policy and Its Criticisms

Abstract

The European Union EU claims that it represents fundamental rights and freedoms at the most advanced level and puts forth the protection and strengthening of human rights as one of the purposes of its foreign policy. The EU, at the same time uses the protection of fundamental rights as a tool of ensuring its legitimacy and building its identity. However, EU faces criticisms for its fundamental rights policy. This study attempts to scrutinize the reasons for criticisms against the EU’s fundamental rights policy

Keywords

• European Union,European Convention on Human Rights,the Charter of

References

1. Agarin T. ve Cordell K. (2016). Minority rights and minority protection in Europe. United States of America: Pickering & Chatto Publishers.
2. Aydın, Z. (2016). Avrupa Birliği'nin Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi'ne katılım sorunu: Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı'nın 2/13 sayılı görüşünün değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası Ticaret ve Tahkim Hukuku Dergisi, 5(2), 399-432.
3. Bainbridge, T. (1998). The penguin companion to European Union, Second Edition. London: Penguin Books.
4. Başlar, K. (1997). Avrupa Birliği’nin normatif supranasyonelliği. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 30(3), 3-18.
5. Baykal, S. (2007). Reform Antlaşması ve getirdikleri: kurumsal yapı çerçevesinde genel bir değerlendirme. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 45-67.
6. Bielecki, S. (2016). A shift to the right in Eastern Europe, http://www.newnations.com/bulletin/easterneurope.htm (24.05. 2017).
7. Bulletin of the European Communities. (1973). Declaration on European identity, No. 12, https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/1999/1/1/02798dc9-9c69-4b7db2c9f03a8db7da32/publishable_en.pdf (24.05.2017).
8. Christian, J. (1996). Taking the law seriously: on political science and the role of law in the process of European integration. European Law Journal, 2(2), 105-135.

9. Comiti des Sages. (1998). Leading by example: a human rights agenda for the European Union for the year 2000: agenda of the Comite des Sages and Final Project Report, Florence: European University Institute, http://www.eumap.org/library/datab/Documents/1048604636.54/ da_1998.rtf
10. Commission of the European Communities. (2008). Proposal for a Council Directive on implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation {SEC(2008) 2180} {SEC(2008) 2181}, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52008PC0426&from=EN (24.05.2017).
11. Council of the European Union. (2012). EU strategic framework and action plan on human rights and democracy, 11855/12, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/131181 .pdf (24.05.2017).
12. Council of the European Union. (2015). Proposal for a Council Directive on implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation - Progress Report', 13877/15, http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-13877-2015-INIT/en/pdf (24.05.2017).
13. Daver, B. (1993). Siyaset bilimine giriş. 5. Baskı. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
14. De Búrca, G. (2003). Beyond the Charter: how enlargement has enlarged the human rights policy of the European Union. Fordham International Law Journal, 27(2), 679-714.
15. Deutsche Welle. (2004). AB Anayasası’nda azınlık hakları, http://www.dw.com/tr/abanayasas%C4%B1nda-az%C4%B1nl%C4%B1k-haklar%C4%B1/a-2527046 (22.06.2016).
16. Deutsche Welle. (2010). AB’nin çıkışı Fransa’yı kızdırdı, http://www.dw.com/tr/abnin- %C3%A7%C4%B1k%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1-fransay%C4%B1- k%C4%B1zd%C4%B1rd%C4%B1/a-6007605 (11.06.2016).
17. Deutsche Welle. (2013). AB Macaristan’a tepkili, http://www.dw.com/tr/abmacaristana-tepkili/a-16666689 (16.06.2016)
18. Duparc, C. (1992). Avrupa Topluluğu ve insan hakları. Ankara: Avrupa Komisyonu Türkiye Temsilciliği Yayınları.
19. Ergül, E. (2013). Avrupa Birliği Müktesebatında yabancıların aile ve özel hayat hakkı çerçevesinde korunması. Ankara Barosu Dergisi, 3(1), 195-206.
20. Euronews. (2015). MEPs want to watch out for rights abuses in Hungary, http://www.euronews.com/2015/06/10/meps-want-eu-to-watch-out-for-rightsabuses-in-hungary (11.06.2016).
21. European Commission. (2015). Guide to the European citizens’ initiative. Third Edition. Belgium. https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/- /publication/d5c945cb-06ba-11e6-b713-01aa75ed71a1 (24.05.2016).
22. European Council, (1991). Declaration on human rights. 28-29 June 1991 Luxembourg Presidency Conclusions, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/luxembourg/lu2_en.pdf (24.05.2017).
23. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. (2015). Freedom to conduct a business: exploring the dimensions of a fundamental right, http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2015/freedom-conduct-business-exploringdimensions-fundamental-right (24.05.2017).
24. Gözler, K. (2003). İdare hukuku. Cilt 1. Bursa: Ekin Kitabevi Yayınları.
25. Günuğur, H. (2007). Avrupa Birliği’nin hukuk düzeni, Ankara: EKO Avrupa Danışma Merkezi Yayını.
26. I CARE. (2003). Hungarian party proposes EU minorities committee , http://www.icare.to/archivefebruary2003.html#HUNGARIAN PARTY PROPOSES EU MINORITIES COMMITTEE (22.06.2016).
27. Koppel J. ve O’Neill, A. (1992). The European Court of Justice: taking rights seriously?. Legal Studies, 12(2), 227-239.
28. Leconte C. ve Muir, E. (2014). Understanding resistance to the EU fundamental rights policy. Human Rights Review, 15(1), 13-24.
29. Leconte, C. (2014). The EU fundamental rights policy as a source of Euroscepticism. Human Rights Review, 15(1), 83-96.
30. Los Angeles Times. (1985). European Community approves sanctions on S. Africa, http://articles.latimes.com/1985-09-11/news/mn-7171_1_south-africa (24.05.2017).
31. Ministry of Justice (Denmark). (2011). Denmark’s response to the Commission Green Paper on the right to Family Reunification of third country nationals living in the European Union, http://www.ft.dk/samling/20111/almdel/uui/bilag/91/1091772.pdf (24.05. 2017).
32. Muir, E. (2014). Fundamental rights: an unsettling EU competence. Human Rights Review, 15(1), 25-37.
33. Müller, J. W. (2013). Defending democracy within the EU. Journal of Democracy, 24(2), 138-149.
34. Official Journal of the European Communities. (1977). Joint declaration by the European Parliament, Council and the Commission concerning the protection of fundamental rights and the ECHR, 27.04.1977, No C 103. [s.l.], https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/2005/6/16/9b6086c8-9763-4355-bf66- 3699f1d78b79/publishable_en.pdf (24.05.2017).
35. Özalp, G. (2009). Klaus böyle istedi. Milliyet, http://www.milliyet.com.tr/Dunya/HaberDetay.aspx?aType=HaberDetay&ArticleID =1156517 (31.05.2016).
36. Paye, J. C. (2009). Hukuk devletinin sonu. Demet Lüküslü (Çev.). Ankara: İmge Kitabevi Yayınları.
37. Radosavljevic, Z. (2017). Article 7: The ins and outs of the EU’s ‘nuclear option’ for Poland, https://www.euractiv.com/section/justice-home-affairs/news/article-7-theins-and-outs-of-the-eus-nuclear-option/ (27.07. 2017).
38. Ruzza, C. (2014). Civil society actors and EU fundamental rights policy: opportunities and challenges. Human Rights Review, 15(1). 65-81.
39. Tangör, B. (2001). Avrupa Birliği’nde Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 3(1), 233-248.
40. Waters, T. (2010). Judges for a new order: the case for continued monitoring after membership, http://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/opinion/judges-for-anew-order-the-case-for-continued-monitoring-after-membership/ (22.06. 2016).
41. Weiler, J.H.H. (1994). A quiet revolution: the European Court of Justice and its interlocuters. Comparative Political Studies, 26(4), 510-534.
42. Williams, A. (2004). EU human rights policies: a study in irony. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
43. Yanıkdağ, T. (2010). Anayasallaşma sürecinde Avrupa: Temel Haklar Şartı’ndan Lizbon Antlaşması’na. Bilge Strateji, 2(3), 115-144.
44. Yılmaz, G. (2015). Avrupa’da azınlıklar ve azınlık hakları. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, 14(2), 2015, 109-122.