AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ’NİN ÜLKE DIŞINDA UYGULANMASI ve 56. MADDE: AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ’NİN “SÖMÜRGE KAYDI”YLA İMTİHANI

Damla Akkaya

Research Article

EXTRATERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND ARTICLE 56: TEST OF EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS WITH “COLONIAL CLAUSE”

Year 2023, Volume: 41, 29 - 76, 22.03.2024

Damla Akkaya

Abstract

There are two provisions regarding territorial application in the European Convention on Human Rights. General rule of territorial application is regulated by Article 1. As to Article 56, also known as the "colonial clause", it is the regulation regarding the territories for whose international relations a state party is responsible. The European Court of Human Rights recognizes the extraterritorial application of the Convention within the framework of Article 1. On the other hand, Article 56 is interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights in a way that excludes from the protection of the Convention the territories for whose international relations the party states are responsible. This situation, which was accepted by the Court itself as unfair, does not comply with the Court's perspective on Article 1 and extraterritorial application, and carries the political and legal remnants of the colonial period to the present day.

Keywords

jurisdiction, extraterritorial application, colonial clause, effective control

References

KİTAP VE MAKALELER Altıparmak, Kerem: “Bankovic: An Obstacle to the Application of the European Convention on Human Rights in Iraq?”, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, C. 9, S. 2, 2004, s. 213-251.
Arsava, Füsun: “AİHK’nun Konvansiyon Alanı Dışında Uygulanması Kriterleri ve Bu Çerçevede Doğan Uluslararası Sorumluluk”, Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, C. 1, S. 2, 2011, s. 1–25.
Bates, Ed: “The Evolution of the European Convention on Human Rights”, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010. Bonello’nun Mutabık Görüş Yazısı, Al-Skeini ve Diğerleri v. Birleşik Krallık (GC), BN. 55721/07, KT. 7/7/2011. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-105606. Erişim: 20.9.2023)
Çamyamaç, Anıl: “Avrupa’daki Minyatür Devletlerin İkili Diplomatik İlişkilerine Dair Uluslararası Hukuk Açısından Pragmatik Bir Değerlendirme”, Galatasaray Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, S. 2, 2019, s. 59-162.
Dalar, Müge: “Uluslararası Adalet Divanı’nın Chagos Takımadaları’nın 1965’te Morityus’tan Ayrılmasının Hukuki Sonuçları Hakkında Danışma Görüşü”, Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, C. 33, S. 152, 2021, s. 415-444.
Den Heijer, Maarten/Lawson, Rick: “Extraterritorial Human Rights and the Concept of ‘Jurisdiction’”, Global Justice, State Duties: The Extraterritorial Scope of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights in International Law, eds. Langford, Malcolm/ Vandenhole, Wouter/ Scheinin, Martin/ Genugten, Willem içinde s. 153-191, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2012.
Duttwiler, Michael: “Authority, Control and Jurisdiction in the Extraterritorial Application of the European Convention on Human Rights”, Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, C. 30, S. 2, 2012, s. 137–162.
Frostad, Magne: “The «Colonial Clause» and Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights: The European Convention on Human Rights Article 56 and its Relationship to Article 1”, Arctic Review on Law and Politics, C. 4, S. 1, 2013, s. 21-41.
Gondek, Michal: “Extraterritorial Application of The European Convention on Human Rights: Territorial Focus in the Age of Globalization?”, Netherlands International Law Review, C. 52, S. 3, 2005, s. 349-387.
Hannum, Hurst: “Bombing for Peace: Collateral Damage and Human Rights”, Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting, C. 96, 2002, s. 95-108.
Happold, Matthew: “Bankovic v. Belgium and the Territorial Scope of the European Convention on Human Rights”, Human Rights Law Review, C. 3, S. 1, 2003, s. 77-90.
Larsen, Kjetil Mujezinović: “The Human Rights Treaty Obligations of Peacekeepers”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2012.
Laursen, Andreas: “NATO, the War over Kosovo, and the ICTY Investigation”, American University International Law Review, C. 14, S. 4, 2002, s. 765-814.
Lawson, Rick: “Life after Bankovic: On the Extraterritorial Application of the European Convention on Human Rights” içinde 83-124 eds. Coomans, Fons/Kamminga, Menno T., Intersentia, Antwerp - Oxford, 2004.
Loucaides, Loukis G.: “Determining the Extra-Territorial Effect of the European Convention: Facts, Jurisprudence and the Bankovic Case” European Human Rights Law Review, C. 4, 2006, s. 391-407.
Mallory, Conall: “A Second Coming of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction at the European Court of Human Rights?”, Questions of International Law, Vol. 82, 2021, s. 31-51.
Mallory, Conall: “Human Rights Imperialists, The Extraterritorial Application of the European Convention on Human Rights”, Hart Publishing, Oxford, 2020.
Milanovic, Marco: “Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights Treaties: Law, Principles, and Policy”, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011.
Milanovic, Marco: “From Compromise to Principle: Clarifying the Concept of State Jurisdiction in Human Rights Treaties”, Human Rights Law Review, C. 8, S. 3, 2008, s. 411-448.
Milanovic, Marco: “The Spatial Dimension: Treaties and Territory”, Research Handbook on the Law of Treaties içinde 186-221 eds. Tams, Christian J./Tzanakopoulos, Antonios/ Zimmermann, Andreas, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK - Northampton, MA, USA, 2014.
Miltner, Barbara: “Revisiting Extraterritoriality after Al-Skeini: The ECHR and its Lessons”, Michigan Journal of International Law, C. 33, S. 4, 2012, s. 693-747.
Moor, Louise/ Simpson, AW Brian: “Ghosts of Colonialism in the European Convention on Human Rights”, British Yearbook of International Law, C. 76, S. 1, 2005, s. 121-194.
Orakhelashvili, Alexander: “Restrictive Interpretation of Human Rights Treaties in the Recent Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights”, European Journal of International Law, C. 14, S. 3, 2003, s. 529–568.
Roxstrom, Erik/Gibney, Mark/ Einarsen, Terje: “The Nato Bombing Case (Bankovic et al. v. Belgium et al.) and the Limits of Western Human Rights Protection”, Boston University International Law Journal, Vol. 23, 2005, s. 55-136.
Salihpaşaoğlu, Yaşar: “Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi ve Yargılamada Kullandığı Yöntem, İlke ve Usuller”, Adalet Yayınevi, Ankara, 2020.
Schabas, William A.: “The European Convention on Human Rights, A Commentary”, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015.
Scheinin, Martin: “Extraterritorial Effect of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights”, içinde 73-81 eds. Coomans, Fons/Kamminga, Menno T., Intersentia, Antwerp - Oxford, 2004.
Von Der Decken, Kerstin: “Article 29”, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, A Commentary, eds. Dörr, Oliver/Schmalenbach, Kirsten içinde s. 1209-1232, Springer, Berlin, 2018.
Wilde, Ralph: “Triggering State Obligations Extraterritorially: The Spatial Test in Certain Human Rights Treaties”, Israel Law Review, C. 40, S. 2, 2007, s. 503-526.
AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ VE YARGILAMADA KULLANDIĞI YÖNTEM, İLKE VE USULLER MAHKEME KARARLARI
A.A. ve Diğerleri v. Kuzey Makedonya, BN. 55798/16, 55808/16, 55817/16, 55820/16 ve 55823/16, KT. 5/7/2022. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-21686. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Al-Skeini ve Diğerleri v. Birleşik Krallık (GC), BN. 55721/07, KT. 7/7/2011. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-105606. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Andreou v. Türkiye, BN. 45653/99, KT. 3/6/2008. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-88068. Erişim: 20.9.2023). Bankovic ve Diğerleri v. Belçika ve Diğerleri (GC), BN. 52207/99, KT. 12/12/2001. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-22099. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Bui Van Thahn ve Diğerleri v. Birleşik Krallık (Com.), BN. 16137/90, KT. 12/3/1990, 65-A D.R. 330. Catan ve Diğerleri v. Moldova ve Rusya (GC), BN. 43370/04, 8252/05 ve 18454/06, KT. 19/10/2012. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-114082. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Chagos Adalılar v. Birleşik Krallık, BN. 35622/04, KT. 11/12/2012. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-115714. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Drozd ve Janousek v. Fransa ve İspanya (Com.), BN. 12747/87, KT. 12/12/1989, 64 D.R. 97.
Drozd ve Janousek v. Fransa ve İspanya, BN. 12747/87, KT. (26/6/1992. https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-57774. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Güzelyurtlu ve Diğerleri v. Kıbrıs ve Türkiye (GC), BN. 36925/07, KT. 29/1/2019. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-189781. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Issa ve Diğerleri v. Türkiye, BN.31821/96, KT. 16/11/2004. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-67460. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Jaloud v. Hollanda (GC), BN. 47708/08, KT. 20/11/2014. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-148367. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Kıbrıs v. Türkiye (Com.), BN. 6780/74 ve 6959/75, KT. 26/5/1975, 31 D.R. 125.
Kıbrıs v. Türkiye (GC), BN. 25781/94, KT. 10/5/2001. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-59454. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Loizidou v. Türkiye, BN. 15318/89, KT. 23/3/1995. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-57920. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Loizidou v. Türkiye, BN. 15318/89, KT. 4/3/1991, RT. 08/07/1993 (Report of the Commission). (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-45610. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
M.N. ve Diğerleri v. Belçika (GC), BN. 3599/18, KT. 5/5/2020. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-202468. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
N.D. ve N.T. v. İspanya (GC), BN. 8675/15 ve 8697/15, KT. 13/2/2020. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-201353. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Quark Fishing Ltd. v. Birleşik Krallık, BN. 15305/06, KT. 19/9/2006. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-77008. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Romeo Castano v. Belçika, BN. 8351/17, KT. 9/10/2019. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-194618. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Soering v. Birleşik Krallık, BN. 14038/88, KT. 7/7/1989. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-57619. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Tyrer v. Birleşik Krallık, BN. 5856/72, KT. 25/4/1978. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-57587. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
X v. Belçika (Com.), BN. 1065/61, KT. 30/5/1961, 1961 Y.B. Eur. Conv. on H.R. 260.
X v. Federal Almanya Cumhuriyeti (Com.), BN. 1611/62, KT. 25/9/1965, 1965 Y.B. Eur. Conv. on H.R. 158.
Yonghong v. Portekiz, BN. 50887/99, KT. 25/11/1999. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-5646. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
BELGELER ve İNTERNET KAYNAKLARI “Draft European Convention on Human Rights submitted by the European Movement to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in July 1949” (Doc. INF/5/E/R s. 5-6), Prepatory work on Article 63 of the European Convention on Human Rights içinde s. 2, 2/3/1978. (https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Library_TP_Art_63_Cour(78)8_eng.PDF. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
“Draft Text of the First Section of a Draft Convention based on the Work of the Consultative Assembly, 7 February 1950” (Doc. A 809 s. 2), Prepatory work on Article 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights içinde s. 35, 31/3/1977. (https://www.echr.coe.int/LibraryDocs/Travaux/ECHRTravaux-ART1-COUR(77)9-EN1290551.PDF. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
“Explanatory note by the Secretariat General on the Assembly’s Recommendation No. 24, 5 September 1950” (Doc. CM (50) 57, s. 4), Prepatory work on Article 63 of the European Convention on Human Rights içinde s. 36, 2/3/1978. (https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Library_TP_Art_63_Cour(78)8_eng.PDF. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
“Official Report of the Meeting of the Committee of Ministers, 7 August 1950” (Doc. Committee of Ministers, 5th Session, s. 68 ve 70), Prepatory work on Article 63 of the European Convention on Human Rights içinde s. 23-24, 2/3/1978. (https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Library_TP_Art_63_Cour(78)8_eng.PDF. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
“Preliminary Draft Report of the Committee of Experts to the Committee of Ministers, 24 February 1950” (Doc. CM/WP 1 (50) 1 s. 5-8, 9, 10, 12 ve 21), Prepatory work on Article 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights içinde s. 37-40, 31/3/1977. (https://www.echr.coe.int/LibraryDocs/Travaux/ECHRTravaux-ART1-COUR(77)9-EN1290551.PDF. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
“Report of the Legal Committee to the Consultative Assembly, 5 September 1949” (Doc. AS (1) 77), Prepatory work on Article 63 of the European Convention on Human Rights içinde s. 5-6, 2/3/1978. (https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Library_TP_Art_63_Cour(78)8_eng.PDF. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
“Report of the Legal Committee to the Consultative Assembly, 5 September 1949”, Doc. AS (1) 77, Prepatory work on Article 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights Doc. Cour77(9). “Report of the sitting of the Consultative Assembly, 25 August 1950” (Rep. 1950, III, s. 938 ve 940), Prepatory work on Article 63 of the European Convention on Human Rights içinde s. 31-33, 2/3/1978. (https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Library_TP_Art_63_Cour(78)8_eng.PDF. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
“Report of the sitting of the Consultative Assembly, 25 August 1950” (Rep. 1950, III, s. 942), Prepatory work on Article 63 of the European Convention on Human Rights içinde s. 33-34, 2/3/1978. (https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Library_TP_Art_63_Cour(78)8_eng.PDF. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
“Speech given by Mr Luzius Wildhaber, President of the European Court of Human Rights, on the occasion of the opening of the judicial year, Strasbourg, 31 January 2002” ECtHR Annual Report 2001, s. 20-25. (https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Annual_report_2001_ENG.pdf. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 4 November 1950, 213 UNTS 221.
Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, 20 May 1980, 1329 UNTS 47.
Council of Europe, “The Doctrines and Methodology of Interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights by the European Court of Human Rights”, 2021. (https://rm.coe.int/echr-eng-the-doctrines-and-methodology-of-interpretation-of-the-europe/1680a20aee. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
European Court of Human Rights, “Guide on Article 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights”, 31.08.2022. (https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/d/echr/guide_art_1_eng. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
ILC, Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties with Commentaries, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1966, Vol. II, 187-274.
Milanovic, Marco: “Update on the Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights Treaties”, EJIL: Talk!, Blog of the European Journal of International Law, 21/5/2013. (https://www.ejiltalk.org/update-on-the-extraterritorial-application-of-human-rights-treaties/. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
UN Economic and Social Council, “Draft International Covenant on Human Rights”, UN Doc. E/1371(SUPP)-E/CN.4/350, s. 27-51. (https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/GL9/005/22/PDF/GL900522.pdf?OpenElement. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
UN General Assembly, “Resolution 217(III), International Bill of Human Rights”, UN Doc. A/RES/217(III), 1 January 1948. (https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/043/88/pdf/NR004388.pdf?OpenElement. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
United Nations, “United Nations and Decolonization”. (https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/about#:~:text=The%20United%20Nations%20monitors%20progress,as%20the%20Declaration%20on%20Decolonization. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
United Nations, “United Nations and Decolonization”. (https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/about#:~:text=The%20United%20Nations%20monitors%20progress,as%20the%20Declaration%20on%20Decolonization. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 23 May 1969, 1155 UNTS 331.
Wenzel, Nicola: “Human Rights, Treaties, Extraterritorial Application and Effects”, (May 2008), Max Planck Encyclo-pedia of Public International Law (online edn). (https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law-9780199231690-e819. Erişim: 20.9.2023).

AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ’NİN ÜLKE DIŞINDA UYGULANMASI ve 56. MADDE: AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ’NİN “SÖMÜRGE KAYDI”YLA İMTİHANI

Year 2023, Volume: 41, 29 - 76, 22.03.2024

Damla Akkaya

Abstract

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi’nde yer bakımından uygulamaya ilişkin iki düzenleme bulunmaktadır. Konuyla ilgili genel düzenleme 1. maddede yer almaktadır. “Sömürge kaydı” olarak da bilinen 56. Madde ise taraf devletlerin uluslararası ilişkilerinden sorumlu oldukları ülkelere ilişkin olan düzenlemedir. Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi, 1. madde çerçevesinde Sözleşme’nin ülke dışı uygulanmasını kabul etmektedir. Buna karşın 56. madde, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi tarafından, taraf devletlerin uluslararası ilişkilerinden sorumlu oldukları ülkeleri Sözleşme koruması dışında bırakacak şekilde yorumlanmaktadır. Adil olmadığı Mahkeme tarafından da kabul edilen bu durum Mahkemenin 1. madde ve ülke dışı uygulamaya ilişkin bakış açısıyla uyum göstermemekte, sömürgecilik döneminin siyasi ve hukuki kalıntılarını günümüze taşımaktadır.

Keywords

yetki, ülke dışı uygulama, sömürge kaydı, etkin kontrol, yer bakımından uygulama

References

KİTAP VE MAKALELER Altıparmak, Kerem: “Bankovic: An Obstacle to the Application of the European Convention on Human Rights in Iraq?”, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, C. 9, S. 2, 2004, s. 213-251.
Arsava, Füsun: “AİHK’nun Konvansiyon Alanı Dışında Uygulanması Kriterleri ve Bu Çerçevede Doğan Uluslararası Sorumluluk”, Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, C. 1, S. 2, 2011, s. 1–25.
Bates, Ed: “The Evolution of the European Convention on Human Rights”, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010. Bonello’nun Mutabık Görüş Yazısı, Al-Skeini ve Diğerleri v. Birleşik Krallık (GC), BN. 55721/07, KT. 7/7/2011. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-105606. Erişim: 20.9.2023)
Çamyamaç, Anıl: “Avrupa’daki Minyatür Devletlerin İkili Diplomatik İlişkilerine Dair Uluslararası Hukuk Açısından Pragmatik Bir Değerlendirme”, Galatasaray Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, S. 2, 2019, s. 59-162.
Dalar, Müge: “Uluslararası Adalet Divanı’nın Chagos Takımadaları’nın 1965’te Morityus’tan Ayrılmasının Hukuki Sonuçları Hakkında Danışma Görüşü”, Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, C. 33, S. 152, 2021, s. 415-444.
Den Heijer, Maarten/Lawson, Rick: “Extraterritorial Human Rights and the Concept of ‘Jurisdiction’”, Global Justice, State Duties: The Extraterritorial Scope of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights in International Law, eds. Langford, Malcolm/ Vandenhole, Wouter/ Scheinin, Martin/ Genugten, Willem içinde s. 153-191, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2012.
Duttwiler, Michael: “Authority, Control and Jurisdiction in the Extraterritorial Application of the European Convention on Human Rights”, Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, C. 30, S. 2, 2012, s. 137–162.
Frostad, Magne: “The «Colonial Clause» and Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights: The European Convention on Human Rights Article 56 and its Relationship to Article 1”, Arctic Review on Law and Politics, C. 4, S. 1, 2013, s. 21-41.
Gondek, Michal: “Extraterritorial Application of The European Convention on Human Rights: Territorial Focus in the Age of Globalization?”, Netherlands International Law Review, C. 52, S. 3, 2005, s. 349-387.
Hannum, Hurst: “Bombing for Peace: Collateral Damage and Human Rights”, Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting, C. 96, 2002, s. 95-108.
Happold, Matthew: “Bankovic v. Belgium and the Territorial Scope of the European Convention on Human Rights”, Human Rights Law Review, C. 3, S. 1, 2003, s. 77-90.
Larsen, Kjetil Mujezinović: “The Human Rights Treaty Obligations of Peacekeepers”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2012.
Laursen, Andreas: “NATO, the War over Kosovo, and the ICTY Investigation”, American University International Law Review, C. 14, S. 4, 2002, s. 765-814.
Lawson, Rick: “Life after Bankovic: On the Extraterritorial Application of the European Convention on Human Rights” içinde 83-124 eds. Coomans, Fons/Kamminga, Menno T., Intersentia, Antwerp - Oxford, 2004.
Loucaides, Loukis G.: “Determining the Extra-Territorial Effect of the European Convention: Facts, Jurisprudence and the Bankovic Case” European Human Rights Law Review, C. 4, 2006, s. 391-407.
Mallory, Conall: “A Second Coming of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction at the European Court of Human Rights?”, Questions of International Law, Vol. 82, 2021, s. 31-51.
Mallory, Conall: “Human Rights Imperialists, The Extraterritorial Application of the European Convention on Human Rights”, Hart Publishing, Oxford, 2020.
Milanovic, Marco: “Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights Treaties: Law, Principles, and Policy”, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011.
Milanovic, Marco: “From Compromise to Principle: Clarifying the Concept of State Jurisdiction in Human Rights Treaties”, Human Rights Law Review, C. 8, S. 3, 2008, s. 411-448.
Milanovic, Marco: “The Spatial Dimension: Treaties and Territory”, Research Handbook on the Law of Treaties içinde 186-221 eds. Tams, Christian J./Tzanakopoulos, Antonios/ Zimmermann, Andreas, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK - Northampton, MA, USA, 2014.
Miltner, Barbara: “Revisiting Extraterritoriality after Al-Skeini: The ECHR and its Lessons”, Michigan Journal of International Law, C. 33, S. 4, 2012, s. 693-747.
Moor, Louise/ Simpson, AW Brian: “Ghosts of Colonialism in the European Convention on Human Rights”, British Yearbook of International Law, C. 76, S. 1, 2005, s. 121-194.
Orakhelashvili, Alexander: “Restrictive Interpretation of Human Rights Treaties in the Recent Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights”, European Journal of International Law, C. 14, S. 3, 2003, s. 529–568.
Roxstrom, Erik/Gibney, Mark/ Einarsen, Terje: “The Nato Bombing Case (Bankovic et al. v. Belgium et al.) and the Limits of Western Human Rights Protection”, Boston University International Law Journal, Vol. 23, 2005, s. 55-136.
Salihpaşaoğlu, Yaşar: “Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi ve Yargılamada Kullandığı Yöntem, İlke ve Usuller”, Adalet Yayınevi, Ankara, 2020.
Schabas, William A.: “The European Convention on Human Rights, A Commentary”, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015.
Scheinin, Martin: “Extraterritorial Effect of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights”, içinde 73-81 eds. Coomans, Fons/Kamminga, Menno T., Intersentia, Antwerp - Oxford, 2004.
Von Der Decken, Kerstin: “Article 29”, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, A Commentary, eds. Dörr, Oliver/Schmalenbach, Kirsten içinde s. 1209-1232, Springer, Berlin, 2018.
Wilde, Ralph: “Triggering State Obligations Extraterritorially: The Spatial Test in Certain Human Rights Treaties”, Israel Law Review, C. 40, S. 2, 2007, s. 503-526.
AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ VE YARGILAMADA KULLANDIĞI YÖNTEM, İLKE VE USULLER MAHKEME KARARLARI
A.A. ve Diğerleri v. Kuzey Makedonya, BN. 55798/16, 55808/16, 55817/16, 55820/16 ve 55823/16, KT. 5/7/2022. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-21686. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Al-Skeini ve Diğerleri v. Birleşik Krallık (GC), BN. 55721/07, KT. 7/7/2011. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-105606. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Andreou v. Türkiye, BN. 45653/99, KT. 3/6/2008. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-88068. Erişim: 20.9.2023). Bankovic ve Diğerleri v. Belçika ve Diğerleri (GC), BN. 52207/99, KT. 12/12/2001. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-22099. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Bui Van Thahn ve Diğerleri v. Birleşik Krallık (Com.), BN. 16137/90, KT. 12/3/1990, 65-A D.R. 330. Catan ve Diğerleri v. Moldova ve Rusya (GC), BN. 43370/04, 8252/05 ve 18454/06, KT. 19/10/2012. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-114082. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Chagos Adalılar v. Birleşik Krallık, BN. 35622/04, KT. 11/12/2012. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-115714. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Drozd ve Janousek v. Fransa ve İspanya (Com.), BN. 12747/87, KT. 12/12/1989, 64 D.R. 97.
Drozd ve Janousek v. Fransa ve İspanya, BN. 12747/87, KT. (26/6/1992. https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-57774. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Güzelyurtlu ve Diğerleri v. Kıbrıs ve Türkiye (GC), BN. 36925/07, KT. 29/1/2019. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-189781. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Issa ve Diğerleri v. Türkiye, BN.31821/96, KT. 16/11/2004. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-67460. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Jaloud v. Hollanda (GC), BN. 47708/08, KT. 20/11/2014. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-148367. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Kıbrıs v. Türkiye (Com.), BN. 6780/74 ve 6959/75, KT. 26/5/1975, 31 D.R. 125.
Kıbrıs v. Türkiye (GC), BN. 25781/94, KT. 10/5/2001. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-59454. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Loizidou v. Türkiye, BN. 15318/89, KT. 23/3/1995. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-57920. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Loizidou v. Türkiye, BN. 15318/89, KT. 4/3/1991, RT. 08/07/1993 (Report of the Commission). (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-45610. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
M.N. ve Diğerleri v. Belçika (GC), BN. 3599/18, KT. 5/5/2020. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-202468. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
N.D. ve N.T. v. İspanya (GC), BN. 8675/15 ve 8697/15, KT. 13/2/2020. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-201353. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Quark Fishing Ltd. v. Birleşik Krallık, BN. 15305/06, KT. 19/9/2006. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-77008. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Romeo Castano v. Belçika, BN. 8351/17, KT. 9/10/2019. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-194618. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Soering v. Birleşik Krallık, BN. 14038/88, KT. 7/7/1989. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-57619. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Tyrer v. Birleşik Krallık, BN. 5856/72, KT. 25/4/1978. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-57587. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
X v. Belçika (Com.), BN. 1065/61, KT. 30/5/1961, 1961 Y.B. Eur. Conv. on H.R. 260.
X v. Federal Almanya Cumhuriyeti (Com.), BN. 1611/62, KT. 25/9/1965, 1965 Y.B. Eur. Conv. on H.R. 158.
Yonghong v. Portekiz, BN. 50887/99, KT. 25/11/1999. (https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-5646. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
BELGELER ve İNTERNET KAYNAKLARI “Draft European Convention on Human Rights submitted by the European Movement to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in July 1949” (Doc. INF/5/E/R s. 5-6), Prepatory work on Article 63 of the European Convention on Human Rights içinde s. 2, 2/3/1978. (https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Library_TP_Art_63_Cour(78)8_eng.PDF. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
“Draft Text of the First Section of a Draft Convention based on the Work of the Consultative Assembly, 7 February 1950” (Doc. A 809 s. 2), Prepatory work on Article 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights içinde s. 35, 31/3/1977. (https://www.echr.coe.int/LibraryDocs/Travaux/ECHRTravaux-ART1-COUR(77)9-EN1290551.PDF. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
“Explanatory note by the Secretariat General on the Assembly’s Recommendation No. 24, 5 September 1950” (Doc. CM (50) 57, s. 4), Prepatory work on Article 63 of the European Convention on Human Rights içinde s. 36, 2/3/1978. (https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Library_TP_Art_63_Cour(78)8_eng.PDF. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
“Official Report of the Meeting of the Committee of Ministers, 7 August 1950” (Doc. Committee of Ministers, 5th Session, s. 68 ve 70), Prepatory work on Article 63 of the European Convention on Human Rights içinde s. 23-24, 2/3/1978. (https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Library_TP_Art_63_Cour(78)8_eng.PDF. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
“Preliminary Draft Report of the Committee of Experts to the Committee of Ministers, 24 February 1950” (Doc. CM/WP 1 (50) 1 s. 5-8, 9, 10, 12 ve 21), Prepatory work on Article 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights içinde s. 37-40, 31/3/1977. (https://www.echr.coe.int/LibraryDocs/Travaux/ECHRTravaux-ART1-COUR(77)9-EN1290551.PDF. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
“Report of the Legal Committee to the Consultative Assembly, 5 September 1949” (Doc. AS (1) 77), Prepatory work on Article 63 of the European Convention on Human Rights içinde s. 5-6, 2/3/1978. (https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Library_TP_Art_63_Cour(78)8_eng.PDF. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
“Report of the Legal Committee to the Consultative Assembly, 5 September 1949”, Doc. AS (1) 77, Prepatory work on Article 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights Doc. Cour77(9). “Report of the sitting of the Consultative Assembly, 25 August 1950” (Rep. 1950, III, s. 938 ve 940), Prepatory work on Article 63 of the European Convention on Human Rights içinde s. 31-33, 2/3/1978. (https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Library_TP_Art_63_Cour(78)8_eng.PDF. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
“Report of the sitting of the Consultative Assembly, 25 August 1950” (Rep. 1950, III, s. 942), Prepatory work on Article 63 of the European Convention on Human Rights içinde s. 33-34, 2/3/1978. (https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Library_TP_Art_63_Cour(78)8_eng.PDF. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
“Speech given by Mr Luzius Wildhaber, President of the European Court of Human Rights, on the occasion of the opening of the judicial year, Strasbourg, 31 January 2002” ECtHR Annual Report 2001, s. 20-25. (https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Annual_report_2001_ENG.pdf. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 4 November 1950, 213 UNTS 221.
Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, 20 May 1980, 1329 UNTS 47.
Council of Europe, “The Doctrines and Methodology of Interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights by the European Court of Human Rights”, 2021. (https://rm.coe.int/echr-eng-the-doctrines-and-methodology-of-interpretation-of-the-europe/1680a20aee. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
European Court of Human Rights, “Guide on Article 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights”, 31.08.2022. (https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/d/echr/guide_art_1_eng. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
ILC, Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties with Commentaries, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1966, Vol. II, 187-274.
Milanovic, Marco: “Update on the Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights Treaties”, EJIL: Talk!, Blog of the European Journal of International Law, 21/5/2013. (https://www.ejiltalk.org/update-on-the-extraterritorial-application-of-human-rights-treaties/. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
UN Economic and Social Council, “Draft International Covenant on Human Rights”, UN Doc. E/1371(SUPP)-E/CN.4/350, s. 27-51. (https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/GL9/005/22/PDF/GL900522.pdf?OpenElement. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
UN General Assembly, “Resolution 217(III), International Bill of Human Rights”, UN Doc. A/RES/217(III), 1 January 1948. (https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/043/88/pdf/NR004388.pdf?OpenElement. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
United Nations, “United Nations and Decolonization”. (https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/about#:~:text=The%20United%20Nations%20monitors%20progress,as%20the%20Declaration%20on%20Decolonization. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
United Nations, “United Nations and Decolonization”. (https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/about#:~:text=The%20United%20Nations%20monitors%20progress,as%20the%20Declaration%20on%20Decolonization. Erişim: 20.9.2023).
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 23 May 1969, 1155 UNTS 331.
Wenzel, Nicola: “Human Rights, Treaties, Extraterritorial Application and Effects”, (May 2008), Max Planck Encyclo-pedia of Public International Law (online edn). (https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law-9780199231690-e819. Erişim: 20.9.2023).

There are 74 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law, International Law
Journal Section	Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors	Damla Akkaya 0000-0002-9928-735X
Early Pub Date	March 18, 2024
Publication Date	March 22, 2024
Submission Date	September 28, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Volume: 41

Cite

APA	Akkaya, D. (2024). AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ’NİN ÜLKE DIŞINDA UYGULANMASI ve 56. MADDE: AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ’NİN “SÖMÜRGE KAYDI”YLA İMTİHANI. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı, 41, 29-76.
AMA	Akkaya D. AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ’NİN ÜLKE DIŞINDA UYGULANMASI ve 56. MADDE: AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ’NİN “SÖMÜRGE KAYDI”YLA İMTİHANI. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı. March 2024;41:29-76.
Chicago	Akkaya, Damla. “AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ’NİN ÜLKE DIŞINDA UYGULANMASI Ve 56. MADDE: AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ’NİN ‘SÖMÜRGE KAYDI’YLA İMTİHANI”. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı 41, March (March 2024): 29-76.
EndNote	Akkaya D (March 1, 2024) AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ’NİN ÜLKE DIŞINDA UYGULANMASI ve 56. MADDE: AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ’NİN “SÖMÜRGE KAYDI”YLA İMTİHANI. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı 41 29–76.
IEEE	D. Akkaya, “AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ’NİN ÜLKE DIŞINDA UYGULANMASI ve 56. MADDE: AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ’NİN ‘SÖMÜRGE KAYDI’YLA İMTİHANI”, İnsan Hakları Yıllığı, vol. 41, pp. 29–76, 2024.
ISNAD	Akkaya, Damla. “AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ’NİN ÜLKE DIŞINDA UYGULANMASI Ve 56. MADDE: AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ’NİN ‘SÖMÜRGE KAYDI’YLA İMTİHANI”. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı 41 (March 2024), 29-76.
JAMA	Akkaya D. AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ’NİN ÜLKE DIŞINDA UYGULANMASI ve 56. MADDE: AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ’NİN “SÖMÜRGE KAYDI”YLA İMTİHANI. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı. 2024;41:29–76.
MLA	Akkaya, Damla. “AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ’NİN ÜLKE DIŞINDA UYGULANMASI Ve 56. MADDE: AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ’NİN ‘SÖMÜRGE KAYDI’YLA İMTİHANI”. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı, vol. 41, 2024, pp. 29-76.
Vancouver	Akkaya D. AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ’NİN ÜLKE DIŞINDA UYGULANMASI ve 56. MADDE: AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ’NİN “SÖMÜRGE KAYDI”YLA İMTİHANI. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı. 2024;41:29-76.

Download Cover Image

Article Files

Full Text