AN EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A LOITER MUNITION UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE SYSTEM
Year 2022,
, 83 - 101, 30.04.2022
Tamer Saraçyakupoğlu
,
Heyzem Doğukan Delibaş
,
Ahmet Devlet Özçelik
Abstract
This paper experimentally determinates the calculation of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and analyzes the design criteria within four different scenarios. The UAV to be designed is a loiter munition UAV system. A mobile or equipment such as a parachute and/or airbag. The UAV may be operable day and night conditions, capable of 2-3 hours of flight hours, and will be launched from a catapult. The UAV navigation system is compact and easily controlled by a personal Global Positioning System (GPS). The mentioned UAV will have a vast operational capability, especially for defense and border security activities since it is equipped with advanced avionics and a small physical footprint for covert operations. As a consequence of this research, it can be claimed that the UAV's mid-wing, twin-tail, and relatively light body will have three axis stability and offer numerous benefits, particularly in terms of operational cost.
Thanks
The support that is provided by Istanbul Gelisim University is gratefully acknowledged.
References
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- 2. Slijper, F., “Where to draw the line. Increasing Autonomy in Weapon Systems–Technology and Trends”, Page 1-24, PAX Publications, Utrecht, 2017.
- 3. Slijper, F., Beck, A., and Kayser, D., “State of AI.Artificial intelligence, the military and increasingly autonomous weapons”, PAX Publications, Utrecht, 2019.
- 4. Sathyamoorthy, D., “A Review of Security Threats of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Mitigation Steps”, The Journal of Defence and Security. Vol. 6, Issue 1, Pages 81-97, 2015.
- 5. Zwijnenburg, W., Postma, F., “Unmanned Ambitions. Security implications of growing proliferation in emerging military drone markets”, PAX Publications, Utrecht, 2018.
- 6. Internet: Gettinger, D., Michel, A. H., Loitering Munitions. https://dronecenter.bard.edu/files/2017/02/CSD-Loitering-Munitions.pdf, March, 2022.
- 7. Chamola, V., Kotesh, P., Agarwal, A., Naren, Gupta, N., & Guizani, M., “A Comprehensive Review of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Attacks and Neutralization Techniques”, Ad Hoc Networks. Vol. 111, Issue 102324, Pages 1-20, 2020.
- 8. Gudmunsson, S., “General Aviation Aircraft Design: Applied Methods and Procedures”, Page 21, Elsevier, Oxford, 2014.
- 9. Raymer, D. P., “Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach”, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Pages 17-21, AIAA, Washington, D.C., 1992.
- 10. Shams, T.A., Shah S.I.A., Javed, A., Hamdani, S.H.R., “Airfoil Selection Procedure, Wind Tunnel Experimentation and Implementation of 6DOF Modeling on a Flying Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle”, Micromachines, Vol. 11. Issue 553, Pages 1-31, 2020.
- 11. Arra, A., Anekar, N., Nimbalkar, S., “Aerodynamic effects of leading edge (LE) slats and slotted trailing edge (TE) flaps on NACA-2412 airfoil in prospect of optimization”, Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 44, Pages 587-595, 2020.
- 12. Eppler, R. “Airfoil Design and Data”, Pages 1-568, Springer, Heidelberg, 1990.
- 13. Internet: Airfoil Tools, http://airfoiltools.com, March, 2022.
- 14. Saraçyakupoğlu, T. "The Organizational Accidents in Aviation: An Investigation of B-737 Max Aircraft Accidents from the Engineering Perspective", Mühendis ve Makina, Vol. 61, Issue 701, Pages 241-261, 2020.
- 15. Filippone, A., “Data and performances of selected aircraft and rotorcraft”, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 36, Issue 8, Pages 629–654, 2000.
- 16. Wu, D., Yeo, K. S., & Lim, T. T., “A numerical study on the free hovering flight of a model insect at low Reynolds number”, Computers & Fluids, Vol. 103, Issue 1, Pages 234–261, 2014.
- 17. Concilio, A., Dimino, I., Lecce, L., Pecora, R., “Morphing Wing Technologies Large Commercial Aircraft and Civil Helicopters”, Pages 1-970, Elsevier, Oxford, 2018.
- 18. Blair, M., Robinson, J., McClelland, W.A., & Bowman, J.C., “A Joined-Wing Flight Experiment” Air Force Research Laboratory, Pages 1-213, Ohio, 2008.
- 19. Sadraey, M.H., “Aircraft Design: A System Engineering Approach”, Pages 1-570, Wiley, Sussex, 2013.
- 20. Boyd, D. D., “General aviation accidents related to exceedance of airplane weight/center of gravity limits”, Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 91, Pages 19–23, 2016.
- 21. Anderson, J. D., “Aircraft Performance and Design”, Pages 1-596, McGraw-Hill, Boston, 1999.
- 22. Etkin, B., Reid, L. D., “Dynamics of Flight: Stability and Control”, Pages 1-395, Wiley, New-York, 1996.
- 23. Kundu, A.K., “Aircraft Design”, Pages 1-650, Cambridge University Press., New-York, 2010.
- 24. Nelson, R. C., “Flight Stability and Automatic Control”, Pages 1-150, McGraw-Hill, New-York, 1989.
- 25. Liu, Y.,Yang, Z., Deng, J., Zhu, J., “Investigation of fuel savings for an aircraft due to optimization of the center of gravity”, Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 322, Issue 7, Pages 1-5, 2018.
- 26. Saraçyakupoğlu, T., "Uçuşa Elverişlilik Kural ve Düzenlemelerine Göre, Havacılık Endüstrisinde 3 Boyutlu Üretim Uygulamaları", International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, Vol. 4, Issue 1, Pages 53-65, 2020.
- 27. Saracyakupoglu, T., “The Qualification Of The Additively Manufactured Parts in The Aviation Industry”, American Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 1, Pages 1-10, 2019.
- 28. Balli, O., "Turbine wheel fracture analysis of Jet Fuel Starter (JFS) engine used on F16 military aircraft", Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 128, Pages 1-13, 2021.
- 29. Ateş, F., Şenol, R., "Hava Araçlarında Buzlanma Risk Derecesinin Yapay Zekâ İle Tahmin Edilmesi", International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, Vol. 5 Issue 3, Pages 457-468, 2021
- 30. Balli, O., Caliskan, H., "On-design and off-design operation performance assessmentsof an aero turboprop engine used on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in terms of aviation, thermodynamic, environmental and sustainability perspectives", Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 243, Issue 1, 2021.
- 31. Akdeniz, H. Y., "A Study on Aerodynamic Behavior of Subsonic UAVs' Wing Sections with Flaps", International Journal of Aviation Science and Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Pages 22-27, 2021.
- 32. Balli, O., "General aviation and thermodynamic performance analyses of micro turbojet engine used on drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)", Journal of Aviation Research, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Pages 115-141, 2020.
- 33. Saraçyakupoğlu, T. "Emniyet İrtifasından Bilgiler: Genel Havacılık, Üretim ve Bakım Süreçleri". ISBN: 978-625-402-030-8, Nobel Akademic Publishing, Ankara, 2020.
- 34. Saraçyakupoğlu, T., "The adverse effects of implementation of the novel systems in the aviation industry in pursuit of maneuvering characteristics augmentation system (MCAS)", Journal Of Critical Reviews, Vol. 7 Issue 11, Pages 2530-2538, 2020.
- 35. Saraçyakupoğlu, T., “Havacılıkta Organizasyonel Kazalar: B-737 Max Uçak Kazalarının Mühendislik Perspektifinden İncelenmesi”. Mühendis ve Makina, Vol. 61, Issue 701, Pages 241-261, 2020
AN EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A LOITER MUNITION UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE SYSTEM
Year 2022,
, 83 - 101, 30.04.2022
Tamer Saraçyakupoğlu
,
Heyzem Doğukan Delibaş
,
Ahmet Devlet Özçelik
Abstract
This paper experimentally determinates the calculation of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and analyzes the design criteria within four different scenarios. The UAV to be designed is a loiter munition UAV system. A mobile or equipment such as a parachute and/or airbag. The UAV may be operable day and night conditions, capable of 2-3 hours of flight hours, and will be launched from a catapult. The UAV navigation system is compact and easily controlled by a personal Global Positioning System (GPS). The mentioned UAV will have a vast operational capability, especially for defense and border security activities since it is equipped with advanced avionics and a small physical footprint for covert operations. As a consequence of this research, it can be claimed that the UAV's mid-wing, twin-tail, and relatively light body will have three axis stability and offer numerous benefits, particularly in terms of operational cost.
References
- 1. Kasapoğlu, C., Kırdemir, B., “The Rising Drone Power: Turkey On The Eve Of Its Military Breakthrough”, Centre for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies, Pages 3-32, New-York, 2018.
- 2. Slijper, F., “Where to draw the line. Increasing Autonomy in Weapon Systems–Technology and Trends”, Page 1-24, PAX Publications, Utrecht, 2017.
- 3. Slijper, F., Beck, A., and Kayser, D., “State of AI.Artificial intelligence, the military and increasingly autonomous weapons”, PAX Publications, Utrecht, 2019.
- 4. Sathyamoorthy, D., “A Review of Security Threats of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Mitigation Steps”, The Journal of Defence and Security. Vol. 6, Issue 1, Pages 81-97, 2015.
- 5. Zwijnenburg, W., Postma, F., “Unmanned Ambitions. Security implications of growing proliferation in emerging military drone markets”, PAX Publications, Utrecht, 2018.
- 6. Internet: Gettinger, D., Michel, A. H., Loitering Munitions. https://dronecenter.bard.edu/files/2017/02/CSD-Loitering-Munitions.pdf, March, 2022.
- 7. Chamola, V., Kotesh, P., Agarwal, A., Naren, Gupta, N., & Guizani, M., “A Comprehensive Review of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Attacks and Neutralization Techniques”, Ad Hoc Networks. Vol. 111, Issue 102324, Pages 1-20, 2020.
- 8. Gudmunsson, S., “General Aviation Aircraft Design: Applied Methods and Procedures”, Page 21, Elsevier, Oxford, 2014.
- 9. Raymer, D. P., “Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach”, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Pages 17-21, AIAA, Washington, D.C., 1992.
- 10. Shams, T.A., Shah S.I.A., Javed, A., Hamdani, S.H.R., “Airfoil Selection Procedure, Wind Tunnel Experimentation and Implementation of 6DOF Modeling on a Flying Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle”, Micromachines, Vol. 11. Issue 553, Pages 1-31, 2020.
- 11. Arra, A., Anekar, N., Nimbalkar, S., “Aerodynamic effects of leading edge (LE) slats and slotted trailing edge (TE) flaps on NACA-2412 airfoil in prospect of optimization”, Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 44, Pages 587-595, 2020.
- 12. Eppler, R. “Airfoil Design and Data”, Pages 1-568, Springer, Heidelberg, 1990.
- 13. Internet: Airfoil Tools, http://airfoiltools.com, March, 2022.
- 14. Saraçyakupoğlu, T. "The Organizational Accidents in Aviation: An Investigation of B-737 Max Aircraft Accidents from the Engineering Perspective", Mühendis ve Makina, Vol. 61, Issue 701, Pages 241-261, 2020.
- 15. Filippone, A., “Data and performances of selected aircraft and rotorcraft”, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 36, Issue 8, Pages 629–654, 2000.
- 16. Wu, D., Yeo, K. S., & Lim, T. T., “A numerical study on the free hovering flight of a model insect at low Reynolds number”, Computers & Fluids, Vol. 103, Issue 1, Pages 234–261, 2014.
- 17. Concilio, A., Dimino, I., Lecce, L., Pecora, R., “Morphing Wing Technologies Large Commercial Aircraft and Civil Helicopters”, Pages 1-970, Elsevier, Oxford, 2018.
- 18. Blair, M., Robinson, J., McClelland, W.A., & Bowman, J.C., “A Joined-Wing Flight Experiment” Air Force Research Laboratory, Pages 1-213, Ohio, 2008.
- 19. Sadraey, M.H., “Aircraft Design: A System Engineering Approach”, Pages 1-570, Wiley, Sussex, 2013.
- 20. Boyd, D. D., “General aviation accidents related to exceedance of airplane weight/center of gravity limits”, Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 91, Pages 19–23, 2016.
- 21. Anderson, J. D., “Aircraft Performance and Design”, Pages 1-596, McGraw-Hill, Boston, 1999.
- 22. Etkin, B., Reid, L. D., “Dynamics of Flight: Stability and Control”, Pages 1-395, Wiley, New-York, 1996.
- 23. Kundu, A.K., “Aircraft Design”, Pages 1-650, Cambridge University Press., New-York, 2010.
- 24. Nelson, R. C., “Flight Stability and Automatic Control”, Pages 1-150, McGraw-Hill, New-York, 1989.
- 25. Liu, Y.,Yang, Z., Deng, J., Zhu, J., “Investigation of fuel savings for an aircraft due to optimization of the center of gravity”, Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 322, Issue 7, Pages 1-5, 2018.
- 26. Saraçyakupoğlu, T., "Uçuşa Elverişlilik Kural ve Düzenlemelerine Göre, Havacılık Endüstrisinde 3 Boyutlu Üretim Uygulamaları", International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, Vol. 4, Issue 1, Pages 53-65, 2020.
- 27. Saracyakupoglu, T., “The Qualification Of The Additively Manufactured Parts in The Aviation Industry”, American Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 1, Pages 1-10, 2019.
- 28. Balli, O., "Turbine wheel fracture analysis of Jet Fuel Starter (JFS) engine used on F16 military aircraft", Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 128, Pages 1-13, 2021.
- 29. Ateş, F., Şenol, R., "Hava Araçlarında Buzlanma Risk Derecesinin Yapay Zekâ İle Tahmin Edilmesi", International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, Vol. 5 Issue 3, Pages 457-468, 2021
- 30. Balli, O., Caliskan, H., "On-design and off-design operation performance assessmentsof an aero turboprop engine used on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in terms of aviation, thermodynamic, environmental and sustainability perspectives", Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 243, Issue 1, 2021.
- 31. Akdeniz, H. Y., "A Study on Aerodynamic Behavior of Subsonic UAVs' Wing Sections with Flaps", International Journal of Aviation Science and Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Pages 22-27, 2021.
- 32. Balli, O., "General aviation and thermodynamic performance analyses of micro turbojet engine used on drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)", Journal of Aviation Research, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Pages 115-141, 2020.
- 33. Saraçyakupoğlu, T. "Emniyet İrtifasından Bilgiler: Genel Havacılık, Üretim ve Bakım Süreçleri". ISBN: 978-625-402-030-8, Nobel Akademic Publishing, Ankara, 2020.
- 34. Saraçyakupoğlu, T., "The adverse effects of implementation of the novel systems in the aviation industry in pursuit of maneuvering characteristics augmentation system (MCAS)", Journal Of Critical Reviews, Vol. 7 Issue 11, Pages 2530-2538, 2020.
- 35. Saraçyakupoğlu, T., “Havacılıkta Organizasyonel Kazalar: B-737 Max Uçak Kazalarının Mühendislik Perspektifinden İncelenmesi”. Mühendis ve Makina, Vol. 61, Issue 701, Pages 241-261, 2020