A LITERATURE REVIEW ON 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION

Year 2022, , 592 - 613, 31.12.2022

Ayşegül Aslan , Yaren Çelik

https://doi.org/10.46519/ij3dptdi.1137028

Cited By: 3

Abstract

This study will offer domestic and foreign studies on the application of 3D printing technologies in the fields of education. The aim of this study was to review the studies that had been done in the literature on the application of 3D printing technology in the field of education. Purposive sampling method was used in the study. In this context, it was decided that in the current study, variables such as the distribution of studies on the use of 3D printer technology in the field of education by years, publication types, sample types and sizes, data collection tools and analysis methods were planned to be examined, and at the same time, in-depth analysis of the results was the most appropriate method. 101 studies were accessed in accordance with this research. One of the qualitative research methods used in the study was document analysis, and the data was analysed by examining at the documents that contained details regarding the facts that were the focus of the study. According to the data obtained, it is seen that the studies carried out on 3D printing technology between 2009-2022 are within the scope of educational activities at the K-12 level (physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics) and their numbers have increased especially after 2017. It was determined that undergraduate students were preferred the most as the sample group. It was found that, on general, qualitative research methodologies were preferred in the studies under consideration. It was seen that in-class assessments, observations and questionnaires were mostly used as data collection tools. It has been determined that content analysis is generally used in the analysis of the collected data. When the relationship between education and 3D printing technology was examined, it was determined that it can be adapted to all ages and fields and provides great convenience in interdisciplinary studies. Based on these findings, it is thought that it will be more effective to focus on the instructional aspect of 3D printing technology.

Keywords

3D Printing Technology, Education, K-12, Literature review

References

• Aslan A., Durukan Ü.G., Batman D., “Fizik, Kimya Ve Biyoloji Öğretmenlerinin 3-Boyutlu Katı Model Tasarım Ve Kullanım İhtiyaçlarına Genel Bir Bakış” Int. J. of 3D Printing Tech. Digital. Indutries, Vol. 5, Issue 3, Pages 515-534, 2021.
• 2. Silén, C., Wirell, S., Kvist, J.; Nylander, E., Smedby, Ö., Advanced 3D visualization in student-centred medical education. Medical Teacher, Vol. 30 Issue 5, Pages 115-124, 2008.
• 3. Segerman, H., 3D Printing for Mathematical Visulation. The Mathematical Intelligencer, Vol. 34, Issue 4, Pages 56-62, 2012.
• 4. Scalfani, Vincent F.; Vaid, Thomas P., Simetri ve Nokta Gruplarının Öğretimi için 3B Baskılı Moleküller ve Genişletilmiş Katı Modeller. Kimya Eğitimi Dergisi, Vol. 91, Issue 8, Pages 1174-1180, 2014.
• 5. Loy, J., “e-Learning and eMaking: 3D Printing Blurring the Digital and the Physcal”. Education Sciences, Vol. 4 Issue 1, Pages 108–121. 2014.
• 6. Szulżyk-Cieplak, J., Duda, A., & Sidor, B., 3D printers – new possibilities in education. Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, Vol. 8, Issue 24, 96-101, 2014.
• 7. Verner, I., Merksamer, A., “Digital design and 3D printing in technology teacher education”, Procedia CIRP, Vol 36, Pages 182-186, 2015.
• 8. Byun, M. K., Jo, J. H., & Cho, M. H., The analysis of learner's motivation and satisfaction with 3D printing in science classroom. Journal of the Korean Association for Science Education, 35 (5), 877-884, 2015.
• 9. Lee, I. H., Shin, J. M., & Cho, H. Y., Design and operation of 3D printing education curriculum in mechanical engineering. Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers, 14(3), 21-26, 2015.
• 10. AbouHashem Y, Dayal M., Savanah S. & Štrkalj G., “The application of 3D printing in anatomy education”, Medical Education Online, Vol.20, Issue 1, Pages 29847, 2015. 11. Brown, A., “3D Printing in Instructional Settings: Identifying a Curricular Hierarchy of Activities,” Techtrends Tech Trends, Vol. 59, Pages 16–24, 2015.
• 12. Greenhalgh, S., "The effects of 3D Printing in Design Thinking and Design Education", Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, Vol. 14, Issue 4, Pages 752-769, 2016.
• 13. Wonjin, J., Jang, HI, Harianto, RA, So, JH, Lee, H., Lee, HJ, & Moon, M.-W., “Introduction of 3D Printing Technology in the Classroom for Visually Impaired Students”. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, Vol. 110, Issue 2, 115-121, 2016.
• 14. Perez, O. A., Espinoza, P. A., Gomez, H., Pitcher, M. T., Anaya, R. H., Hemmitt, H., & Nevarez, H. E. L. (2016, June). Year Two: Analysis of 3-D Technology Impact on STEM-based Courses; Specifically, Introduction to Engineering Courses. In 2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition.
• 15. Colletti, R. C., “A study of positions available in additive manufacturing/3D printing and the education and skill requirements for these positions.” Master Thesis, Eastern Michigan University. Michigan, 2016.
• 16.Lipson, H., “Printable 3D models for customized hands-on education”. Mass Customization and Personalization (MCPC), 2007.
• 17. Kwon, Y. M., Lee, Y. A., & Kim, S. J., “Case study on 3D printing education in fashion design coursework”. Fashion and Textiles, Vol. 4, Issue 1, Pages 1-20, 2017.
• 18. Jackson, S., “Mathematics and 3D Printing”, Texas A&M University-Central Texas, 2017.
• 19. Garcia, J., Yang, Z., Mongrain, R., Leask, R. L., & Lachapelle, K., “3D printing materials and their use in medical education: a review of current technology and trends for the future”. BMJ simulation & technology enhanced learning, Vol. 4, Issue 1, Pages 27, 2018.
• 20. Maloy, R., Kommers, S., Malinowski, A., & LaRoche, I., “3D modeling and printing in history/social studies classrooms: Initial lessons and insights”. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, Vol. 17, Issue 2, Pages 229-249 2017.
• 21. Loke, Y. H., Harahsheh, A. S., Krieger, A., & Olivieri, L. J., “Usage of 3D models of tetralogy of Fallot for medical education: impact on learning congenital heart disease”, BMC Medical Education, Vol. 17, Issue 1, Pages 1-8, 2017. 22. Karaduman, H., “Soyuttan somuta, sanaldan gerçeğe: öğretmen adaylarının bakış açısıyla üç boyutlu yazıcılar”, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 18, Issue 1, Pages 273-303, 2018.
• 23. Karaduman, H., “Using Three-Dimensional Printers in the Social Studies Education”, Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, Symposium on Social Studies Education Special Issue, Pages 590-625, 2017.
• 24. Huleihil, M. “3D printing technology as innovative tool for math and geometry teaching applications”, International IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 164, Issue 1, Pages 012023, IOP Publishing, 2017.
• 25. Kwon, H., “Effects of 3D printing and design software on students’ interests, motivation, mathematical and technical skills”, Journal of STEM Education, Vol.18, Issue 4, Pages 2017.
• 26. Çelik, A., “Bilişimle girişimcilik: 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin tasarım odaklı doğaç yapma etkinliğinde bilişimle üretim yapmalarına ilişkin bir durum çalışması”, Doctoral dissertation, Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 2018.
• 27. Atasoy, B., Yüksel, A. O., & Özdemir, S., 3B tasarım uygulamalarının uzamsal beceriye etkisi: Hackidhon örneği, Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 39, Issue 1, Pages 341-371, 2019.
• 28. Yıldırım, G., Yıldırım, S., & Çelik, E., “Yeni bir bakış-3 boyutlu yazıcılar ve öğretimsel kullanımı: Bir içerik analizi”, Bayburt Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 13, Issue 25, 163-184, 2018.
• 29. Awayda, C., “Cravens Virtual Museum Project A case study of digital heritage and museum education”, Doctoral dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2018.
• 30. Yüksel, A. O., Çetin, E., & Berikan, B., “3d Tasarım Öğrenme Deneyiminin Süreç Değerlendirmesi ve Eğitsel Çıktılarının Keşfedilmesi”, Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama, Vol. 9, Issue 1, Pages 21-49, 2019.
• 31. Kökhan, S. & Özcan, U., “3D yazıcıların eğitimde kullanımı”, Bilim, Eğitim, Sanat ve Teknoloji Dergisi, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Pages 81-85, 2018.
• 32. Reymus, M., Fotiadou, C., Kessler, A., Heck, K., Hickel, R., & Diegritz, C., “3D printed replicas for endodontic education”, International Endodontic Journal, Vol. 52, Issue 1, Pages 123-130, 2019.
• 33. Tabassum, T., Iloska, M., Scuereb, D., Taira, N., Jin, C., Zaitsev, V., & Kim, T., “Development and application of 3D printed mesoreactors in chemical engineering education”, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 95, Issue 5, Pages 783-790, 2018.
• 34. Kürtüncü, M., Arslan, N., Yaylacı, B., & Eyüpoğlu, N., “Sağlıkta Gelişen Teknoloji: Üç Boyutlu Yazıcılar”, International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Pages 99-110, 2018.
• 35. Moeck, P., DeStefano, P., Kaminsky, W., & Snyder, T., “3D printing in the context of Science, Technology”, Engineering, and Mathematics education at the college/university level, 2019.
• 36. Şengel, E., Koçak, F., & Güleryüz, B. G., “Öğrencilerin Tasarım Becerilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: 3b Tasarım Dersi Örneği”, Turkish Studies Information Technologies and Applied Sciences, Vol. 14, Issue 4, Pages 641-654, 2019.
• 37. Rahman-Shams, S., “The Effect of 3D Virtual Reality Technologies on Learning”, A Qualitative Research. American College of Education. Doctoral Dissertation, American College of Education, 2019.
• 38. Özsoy, K., “Üç boyutlu (3B) yazıcı teknolojisinin eğitimde uygulanabilirliği: Senirkent MYO örneği”, Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, Vol. 7, Issue 2, Pages 111-123, 2019.
• 39. Çekirge, E., “3b yazıcı kullanımının akademik başarı, tutum, motivasyon ve eleştirel düşünme eğilimlerine etkisi”, Doctoral dissertation, Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey, 2019.
• 40. Ford, S., & Minshall, T., “Invited review article: Where and how 3D printing is used in teaching and education”, Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 25, Pages 131-150, 2019.
• 41. Çopur, S., “3D Yazıcı kalem teknolojisinin geometri derslerinde kullanımının etkililiğinin incelenmesi”, Master's thesis, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2019.
• 42. Novak, J.I., “Re-educating the educators: collaborative 3D printing education”, International Interdisciplinary and international perspectives on 3D printing in education Pages 28-49, IGI Global 2019.
• 43. Höhne, C., & Schmitter, M., “3D printed teeth for the preclinical education of dental students”. Journal of dental education, Vol. 83, Issue 9, Pages 1100-1106, 2019.
• 44. Gür Karabulut, B. Y., “Mimarlık eğitiminde üç boyutlu yazıcılar: Türkiye durum değerlendirmesi”, Master's thesis, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 2019.
• 45. Çoklar, A. N., & Çekirge, E., “3B Tasarımların Fiziksel Materyallerle Desteklenmesinin Akademik Başarı, Ders Tutum ve Motivasyonuna Etkisi”, Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Pages 181-193 2020.
• 46. Hansen, A. K., Langdon, T. R., Mendrin, L. W., Peters, K., Ramos, J., & Lent, D. D., “Exploring the Potential of 3D-printing in Biological Education: A Review of the Literature”. Integrative and Comparative Biology, Vol. 60, Issue 4, Pages 896-905, 2020.
• 47. Wilk, R., Likus, W., Hudecki, A., Syguła, M., Różycka-Nechoritis, A., & Nechoritis, K., “What would you like to print? Students' opinions on the use of 3D printing technology in medicine” , PloS one, Vol. 15, Issue 4, Pages 23-51, 2020.
• 48. Ye, Z., Dun, A., Jiang, H., Nie, C., Zhao, S., Wang, T., & Zhai, J., “The role of 3D printed models in the teaching of human anatomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis” BMC medical education, 20, Issue 1, Pages 1-9, 2020.
• 49. Kok, P. J., “Pre-service Teachers’ Visuospatial Cognition: 2D to 3D Transition”, African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, Vol. 24, Issue 3, Pages 293-306, 2020.
• 50. Pinger, C. W., Geiger, M. K., & Spence, D. M., “Applications of 3D-printing for improving chemistry education”, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 97 Issue 1, Pages 112-117, 2019.
• 51. Smith, D. W., Lampley, S. A., Dolan, B., Williams, G., Schleppenbach, D., & Blair, M., “Effect of 3D Manipulatives on Students with Visual Impairments Who Are Learning Chemistry Constructs: A Pilot Study”, Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, Vol. 114, Issue 5, Pages 370-381, 2020.
• 52. İbili, E., Çat, M., Resnyansky, D., Şahin, S., & Billinghurst, M., “An assessment of geometry teaching supported with augmented reality teaching materials to enhance students’ 3D geometry thinking skills”, International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, Vol.51, Issue 2, Pages 224-246, 2020.
• 53. Mou, T. Y., “Students' evaluation of their experiences with project-based learning in a 3D design class”, The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, Vol. 29, Issue 2, Pages 159-170, 2020.
• 54. Astuti, T. N., Sugiyarto, K. H., & Ikhsan, J., “Effect of 3D Visualization on Students' Critical Thinking Skills and Scientific Attitude in Chemistry”, International Journal of Instruction, Vol. 13, Issue 1, Pages 151-164, 2020.
• 55. Fujita, T., Kondo, Y., Kumakura, H., Kunimune, S., & Jones, K., “Spatial reasoning skills about 2D representations of 3D geometrical shapes in grades 4 to 9”, Mathematics Education Research Journal, Vol. 32, Issue 2, Pages 235-255, 2020.
• 56. Dilling, F. and Witzke, I., “The use of 3D-printing technology in calculus education: Concept formation processes of the concept of derivative with printed graphs of functions”, Digital Experiences in Mathematics Education, Vol. 6, Issue 3, Pages 320-339, 2020.
• 57. Nightingale, L. R., “Possible Self Dynamics of Community College Students Engaged in 3D Printing in Informal Environments”, Doctoral dissertation, Old Dominion University, 2020.
• 58. Assante, D., Cennamo, GM ve Placidi, L.,. “Eğitimde 3D Baskı: Avrupa perspektifi”, IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference EDUCON, Pages 1133-1138, April, 2020.
• 59. Ng, O. L., Shi, L., & Ting, F., “Exploring differences in primary students’ geometry learning outcomes in two technology-enhanced environments: dynamic geometry and 3D printing”, International Journal of STEM Education, Vol.7, Issue 1, Pages 1-13, 2020.
• 60. Hanisch, M., Kroeger, E., Dekiff, M., Timme, M., Kleinheinz, J., & Dirksen, D., “3D-printed surgical training model based on real patient situations for dental education”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,Vol. 17, Issue 8, Pages 2901, 2020.
• 61. Karagöz, B., & Çakır, Ç. Ş., “Fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının 3 boyutlu yazıcılar hakkındaki görüşlerinin belirlenmesi”, Karaelmas Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol. 8, Issue 2, Pages 303-317, 2020.
• 62. Pikkarainen, A., & Piili, H., “Implementing 3D Printing Education Through Technical Pedagogy and Curriculum Development”, Int. J. Eng. Pedagog, Vol. 10, Issue 6, Pages 95-119, 2020.
• 63. Güneş, S., Yurdakul, M., Kalaycı, U., Uyanık, U., & Şentürk, S., “3 Boyutlu Yazıcı Kullanımının Öğrencilerin Ar-Ge Yeteneklerinin Gelişimine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Ostim Teknik Üniversitesi Meslek Yüksekokulunda Örnek Bir Uygulama” International Journal of 3d Printing Technologies And Digital Industry, Vol. 4, Issue 1, Pages 1-11, 2020.
• 64. B., Pál, M., Dimovski, V., Adamović, S., & Lilić, A. 3d Prıntıng In The Educatıon Of Graphıc Engineerıng and Design Students, 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design, University of Novi Sad, November 2020.
• 65. Klima, G., & Kárpáti, A., “Digital creativity development in an e-learning environment A 3D design Project”, Central European Journal of Educational Research, Vol 3, Issue 3, Pages 49–54, 2021.
• 66. Bernard, P., & Mendez, J. D., “Low-Cost 3D-Printed Polarimeter”, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 97 Issue 4, Pages 1162-1166, 2020.
• 67. Çopur, S., and Türkdoğan, A., “3D Yazıcı Kalem Teknolojisinin Matematik Dersinde Uygulanmasından Yansımalar”, Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 18, Issue 1, Pages 106-136, 2021.
• 68. Arslan, A., and Erdogan, I., “Use of 3D Printers for Teacher Training and Sample Activities”, International Journal of Progressive Education, Vol. 17, Issue 3, Pages 343-360, 2021.
• 69. Sharma, S., “Conceptualising 3D Shapes in New Zealand Primary Classes”, Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia, Meeting Report, Eric No. ED616171, New Zealand, 2021.
• 70. Guenther, C., Hayes, M., Davis, A., & Stern, M., “Building Confidence: Engaging Students through 3D Printing in Biology Courses”, Bioscene: Journal of College Biology Teaching, Vol. 47, Issue 1, Pages 40-58, 2021.
• 71. Dickson, B., Weber, J., Kotsopoulos, D., Boyd, T., Jiwani, S., & Roach, B., “The role of productive failure in 3D printing in a middle school setting” International Journal of Technology and Design Education, Vol. 31, Issue 3, Pages 489-502, 2021.
• 72. Lugassy, D., Levanon, Y., Rosen, G., Livne, S., Fridenberg, N., Pilo, R., & Brosh, T., “Does augmented visual feedback from novel, multicolored, three‐dimensional‐printed teeth affect dental students’ acquisition of manual skills?” Anatomical Sciences Education, Vol. 14, Issue 5, Pages 629-640, 2021. 73. Alhonkoski, M., Salminen, L., Pakarinen, A., & Veermans, M., “3D technology to support teaching and learning in health care education, A scoping review”, International journal of Educational research, Vol. 105, Pages 101699, 2021.
• 74. Çakır, M., & Mıstıkoğlu, S. 3b Yazıcıların Mesleki ve Teknik Eğitimdeki Uygulamalarının Ve Potansiyellerinin İncelenmesi: İskenderun Meslek Yüksekokulu Örneği” International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, Vol. 5, Issue 3, Pages 488-500, 2021.
• 75. Thiong’o, G. M., Bernstein, M., & Drake, J. M., “3D printing in neurosurgery education: a review”, 3D Printing in Medicine, Vol. 7, Issue 1, Pages 1-6, 2021.
• 76. Yavuz, E., & Yılmaz, S., “Diş Hekimliğinde Yeni ve Hızla İlerleyen Üretim Teknolojisi: 3 Boyutlu Yazıcılar” Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, Vol. 7 Issue 2, Pages 197-205, 2021.
• 77. Bayburt, B., and Eğin, F., “Teknoloji Ve Sanayideki Gelişmelerin Yansıması Olarak Eğitim 4.0”, Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, Vol. 16, Issue 2, Pages 137-154, 2021.
• 78. Jeong, J., Park, H., Lee, Y., Kang, J., & Chun, J., Developing parametric design fashion products using 3D printing technology. Fashion and Textiles, 8(1), 1-25, 2021.
• 79. Chun, H., A Study on the Impact of 3D Printing and Artificial Intelligence on Education and Learning Process. Scientific Programming, 2021.
• 80. Kim, S., Shin, Y., Park, J., Lee, SW ve An, K., Exploring the Potential of 3D Printing Technology in Landscape Design Process,Vol.10, Issue 3, Pages 259, 2021.
• 81. Chaudhari, P. K., Dhillon, H., Dhingra, K., & Alam, M. K., 3D printing for fostering better dental education. Evidence-Based Dentistry, Vol. 22, Issue 4, Pages 154-155, 2021.
• 82. Bhaduri, S., Teach3d: Toolkit for Effective Teaching of 3d Modeling and Spatial Thinking Skills in Middle School, Doctoral dissertation, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2021.
• 83. Chenrai, P., Case study on geoscience teaching innovation: Using 3D printing to develop structural interpretation skill in higher education levels. Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol. 8, Pages 590062, 2021.
• 84. Karsenty, C., Guitarte, A., Dulac, Y., Briot, J., Hascoet, S., Vincent, R., ... & Acar, P., The usefulness of 3D printed heart models for medical student education in congenital heart disease. BMC Medical Education,Vol. 21, Issue 1, Pages 1-8, 2021.
• 85. Chen, J., & Cheng, L., The influence of 3D printing on the education of primary and secondary school students. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1976, Issue 1, Pages 012072, 2021.
• 86. Nazha, H., 3D Printing in Education: An Overview. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3968190 http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3968190, November 20, 2021.
• 87. Leung, G., Pickett, A. T., Bartellas, M., Milin, A., Bromwich, M., Shorr, R., & Caulley, L., Systematic review and meta-analysis of 3D-printing in otolaryngology education. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 111083, 2022.
• 88. Yazici, F. & Sözbilir, M., “Designing and evaluation of 3D materials for teaching biological systems to 6th grade students with visual impairment (SVI)”, Journal of Biological Education, 2022.
• 89. Cercenelli, L., De Stefano, A., Billi, A. M., Ruggeri, A., Marcelli, E., Marchetti, C., & Badiali, G., “AEducaAR, anatomical education in augmented reality: A pilot experience of an innovative educational tool combining AR technology and 3D printing” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 19, Issue 3, Pages 1024, 2022.
• 90. Topçuoğlu, N., “Kimya eğitiminde atom ve molekül yapılarının öğretiminde üç boyutlu tasarım uygulamaları” Doctoral dissertation, Kastamonu Üniversitesi, 2022.
• 91. Lau, I., & Sun, Z. “Tıp eğitiminde hızlı ve uzun vadeli bilgi edinmede 3D baskılı kalp modellerinin rolü” Kardiyovasküler Tıp İncelemeleri, Vol. 23, Issue 1, Pages 22, 2022.
• 92. Abdullahi, A. Y., Hamza, M. F., & Isa, A. I., “A Survey on the Contributions of 3D Printing to Robotics Education, A Decade Review”, Recent Trends in Mechatronics Towards Industry 4.0, Recent Trends in Mechatronics Towards Industry 4.0. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Vol. 730, Pages 289-302, 2022. 93. Clanner‐Engelshofen, B. M., Frommherz, L., Mitwalli, M., Stadler, P. C., French, L. E., & Reinholz, M. “3D printing and silicone models of primary skin lesions for dermatological education as remote learning tool”, JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, Vol. 20, Issue 2, Pages 177-183, 2022.
• 94. Levin, L., & Verner, I. M., “Teachers Uncover the Potential of 3D Printing Activities to Promote Analytical and Applied Mathematical Skills” International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, Vol 11, Issue 3, Pages 39-52, 2021.
• 95. Gülburnu, M., “Secondary School Students' Views on Geometry Teaching via Three-Dimensional Dynamic Geometry Software Cabri 3D: Solid Volume Measurement”, International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, Vol. 14, Issue 1, Pages, 1088-1105, 2022.
• 96. Kumar, N., Ramakrishnan, S. A., Lopez, K. G., Chin, B. Z., Devyapriya, S., Kumar, L., & Anantharajan, S. K. “Current trends and future scope in 3D printing for surgical management of spine pathologies”, Bioprinting, Pages 00197, 2022.
• 97. Novak, J. I., Maclachlan, L. R., Desselle, M. R., Haskell, N., Fitzgerald, K., & Redmond, M. “What qualities are important for 3D printed neurosurgical training models? A survey of clinicians and other health professionals following an interactive exhibition”, Annals of 3D Printed Medicine, Vol. 6, Pages 100060, 2022.
• 98. Ebrahim, A. M. S., & Fahem, M. M., The Future of 3D Printing in Medicine. Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine, 2022.
• 99. Isdianti, M. , Nasrudin, H. & Erman, E., “The effectiveness of STEM based inquiry learning packages to improving students’ critical thinking skill”, Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, Vol. 9 Issue 3, Pages 223-232, 2021.
• 100. Wu, C., & Li, W., August). Application of 3D Printing Technology in Practical Teaching of Environmental Design. International Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1992, No. 2, Pages 221-66. IOP Publishing, August 2021.
• 101. Karimov, O. "The ımportance of the use of 3d prınters ın the fıeld of technologıcal educatıon," Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal, Vol. 2021, Issue 1, Pages 20, 2021.
• 102. Eisenberg, M., “3D printing for children: What to build next?”, International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, Vol. 1, Issue 1, Pages 7-13, 2013. 103. Blauch, D. N., & Carroll, F. A., “3D printers can provide an added dimension for teaching structure–energy relationships”, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 91, Issue 8, Pages 1254–1256, 2014. 104. Demir, K., Demir, E. B. K., Çaka, C., Tuğtekin, U., İslamoğlu, H., & Kuzu, A., “Üç boyutlu yazdırma teknolojilerinin eğitim alanında kullanımı: Türkiye’deki uygulamalar”, Ege Eğitim Dergisi, Vol. 17, Issue 2, Pages 481-503, 2016.
• 105. Love, T. S., & Roy, K., “3D printing: what's the harm?”, Technology and Engineering Teacher, Vol. 76, Issue 1, Pages 36, 2016.
• 106. Denisco, A., “Fab Labs: Using Technology to Make (Almost) Anything!” District Administration, Vol. 48, Issue 11, Pages 34-37, 2012.
• 107. Jo, W., Hee I.J., Harianto, R.A., So, J.H., Lee, H., Lee, H.J., & Moon, M. “Introduction of 3D Printing Technology in the Classroom for Visually Impaired Students”, Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, Vol. 110 Issue 2, Pages 115-121, 2016.
• 108. Özsoy, K., Duman, B., "Eklemeli imalat (3 boyutlu baskı) teknolojilerinin eğitimde kullanılabilirliği", International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, Vol. 1, Issue 1, Pages 36-48, 2017.
• 109. Çallı, L. ve Taşkın, K., 3D yazıcı endüstrisinin oluşturacağı yeni pazarlar ve pazarlama uygulamaları. ICEB 2015. Uluslararası Vizyon Üniversitesi, Gostivar, Makedonya.
• 110. Patton, M., Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods, 3rd edn.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage, 2002.
• 111. Stone, P.J., Dunphy, D.C., & Smith, M.S., The general inquirer: A computer approach to content analysis. The M.I.T. Press, Massachusetts, 1966.
• 112. Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K., Research Methods in Education (6th ed.). London and New York, NY: Routledge Falmer, 2007.
• 113. Esteban-Munız, G., “Additive manufacturing and 3D printing technologies in the EC”, Workshop Fabrication additive pour Telectronique, CNRS, Paris, 2016.
• 114. Petch, M., Terry Wohlers gives 3D Printing Industry further insights into the Wohlers Report, , https://3dprintingindustry.com/news/terry-wohlers-gives-3d-printingindustry-insights-wohlers-report-110196, April 6, 2017
• 115. Coyne, I. T., Sampling in qualitative research. Purposeful and theoretical sampling; merging or clear boundaries?.Journal of advanced nursing, Vol 26(3), Pages 623-630, 1997.