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COVID-19 SALGININDA 3B YAZICILARLA GELİŞTİRİLEN ÜRÜNLERİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2022, , 113 - 125, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.46519/ij3dptdi.957098

Abstract

COVID-19 virüsü; 31 Aralık 2019'da Çin'in Hubei Eyaletinde ortaya çıkan, ateş, öksürük ve nefes darlığı olarak klinik belirtiler gösteren bir solunum hastalığı olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu hastalığın yayılması ile Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından kısa sürede pandemi ilan edilmiştir. Bu sebeple salgına karşı koruyucu ürünlere olan ihtiyaçlar olağanüstü seviyede artış göstermiştir. Temel koruyucu ürünlere, üretim kapasitesinin çok üstünde gelen talebi karşılamada fabrikalar yetersiz kalmıştır. Bu eksikliği giderebilmek için 3B yazıcı teknolojisi devreye sokulmuştur. 3B yazıcılar sayesinde kısa sürede örgütlenilerek başta sağlık çalışanlarının eksiklikleri giderilmiştir. Siperlik, maske ve aparatları gibi birçok ürün yüzlerce insan tarafından geliştirilmiş ve geliştirilmeye devam edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada pandemi sürecinde bu virüsten korunma amaçlı geliştirilen ürünler ve kullanılan eklemeli imalat teknolojileri incelenmiştir.

Supporting Institution

Gazi Üniversitesi

References

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  • 2. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. “Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novelcoronavirus-infected pneumonia”, N Engl J Med., Vol. 382, Issue 13, Pages 1199–1207, 2020.
  • 3. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. “A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China”, N Engl J Med., Vol. 382, Pages 727-33, 2020.
  • 4. Samancı, M., “Küresel Bir Salgın: Covid-19”, Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol. 5, Issue 1, Pages 6-11 6, 2020.
  • 5. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, ‘‘COVID-19 Nedir’’, https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66300/covid-19-nedir-.html, July 20, 2020.
  • 6. Choong, Y.Y.C., Tan, H.W., Patel, D.C., Choong, W.T.N., Chen, C., H.Y., Low, M.J., Tan, C.D., Patel,C.K., “The global rise of 3D printing during the COVID-19 pandemic”, Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 5, Pages 637–639, 2020.
  • 7. Longhitano, G.A., Nunes, G.B., G., Candido, J.V., da Silva, L., “The role of 3D printing during COVID 19 pandemic: a review”, Progress in Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 6, Pages 19–37, 2021. 8. Advincula, R., Dizon, J., Chen, Q., Niu, I., Chung, J., Kilpatrick, L., & Newman, R., “Additive manufacturing for COVID-19: Devices, materials, prospects, and challenges”, MRS Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 3, Pages 413-427, 2020.
  • 9. 3D Gence, ‘‘How 3D printing can affect your broken supply chain during the crisis caused by the Covid-19 outbreak”, https://3dgence.com/3dnews/how-3d-printing-can-affect-your-broken-supplychain-coronavirus/ accessed: August 18, 2020.
  • 10. Chua, C. K. & Leong, K. F. “3D Printing and additive manufacturing- principles and applications”, Pages 217-219, 5th edn. World Scientific Publishing, Singapur, 2017.
  • 11. D.Ngo, T., Kashani, A., Imbalzano, G., Nguyen, K. T. Q., Hui, D., “Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods,applications and challenges”, Composites Part B, Vol. 143, Pages 143-172, 2018.
  • 12. Browne, M. P., Redondo, E., Pumera, M., “3D Printing for Electrochemical Energy Applications, Chemical Reviews”, American Chemical Society, Vol. 120, Issue 5, Pages 2783-2810, 2020.
  • 13. Börklü, H. R., Yıldırım, A. & Sezer, H. K. “Hızlı Prototip Oluşturmada Karşılaşılan Problemler Ve Çözüm Önerileri”, Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, Vol. 4, İssue 4, Pages 309-319, 2016.
  • 14. Kumar, K. P. A., Ghosh, K., Alduhaish, O., Pumera, M., “Metal-plated 3D-printed electrode for electrochemical detection of carbohydrates”, Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 120, Issue 1, Pages 1-7, 2020.
  • 15. Sevli, O., “3 Boyutlu Baskıda Kullanılacak Malzemenin Makine Öğrenmesi Teknikleri İle Tahminlenmesİ”, International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, 5 (3), 596-605, 2020.
  • 16. Kurttay, B., “STL: Nedir ve Nasıl Oluşturulur?”, https://bicisim.com/blog/3d-baski-ile-uretilen-bir-parca-hangi-asamalardan-gecer, October 29, 2019.
  • 17. Aktepe, Y., “3D Tarayıcılar Nasıl Çalışır? Elektrik Port”, https://www.elektrikport.com/teknik-kutuphane/3d-tarayicilar-nasil-calisir/22595#ad-image-0, April 7,2020.
  • 18. Hürriyet, “3D yazıcılar nereye gidiyor? Evlerde de görecek miyiz?”, https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/teknoloji/3d-yazicilar-nereye-gidiyor-evlerde-de-gorecek-miyiz-41657709, November 9, 2020. 19. Milliyet, “Evlerde Üç Boyutlu Üretim Patlaması”, https://www.milliyet.com.tr/ekonomi/evlerde-uc-boyutlu-uretim-patlamasi-6304517, September 12, 2020. 20. Sivil Sayfalar, “Kolektif Ruhla Yeni Nesil Üretim Hareketi: 3 Boyutlu Destek”, https://www.sivilsayfalar.org/2020/08/28/kolektif-ruhla-yeni-nesil-uretim-hareketi-3-boyutlu-destek/, Agust 28, 2020.
  • 21. Isinnova SRL, “Easy Covid”, https://isinnova.it/archivio-progetti/easy-covid-19/, July 20, 2020.
  • 22. Habertürk, “Su Altı Maskesini Sağlık Maskesine Dönüştürecek Kurum Arıyor”, https://www.haberturk.com/su-alti-maskesinin-satisini-durdurdu-haberler-2632164-ekonomi, April 1, 2020.
  • 23. Christensen, R.P., Leavitt Gen. Dent., R.W., “Efficiency of 42 brands of face masks and 2 face shields in preventing inhalation of airborne debris”, Gen Dent., Vol. 39, Issue 6, Pages 414-421, 1991. 24. Anon J.B., Denne C., Rees D., “Patient-Worn Enhanced Protection Face Shield for Flexible Endoscopy”, Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg., Vol. 163, Issue 2, Pages 280-283, 2020.
  • 25. Kumar, K.P.A., Pumera M., “3D-Printing to Mitigate COVID-19 Pandemic”, Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 22, 2021.
  • 26. Perencevich, E. N., D. J. Diekema, and M. B. Edmond. “Moving personal protective equipment into the community: Face shields and containment of COVID-19”, JAMA, Vol. 323, Issue 22, Pages 2252-2253, 2020.
  • 27. Vassilakopoulos T, Zakynthinos S, Roussos C. “The tension–time index and the frequency/tidal volume ratio are the major pathophysiologic determinants of weaning failure and success”, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, Vol. 158, Pages 378–385, 1998.
  • 28. Gaz Elektrik, “1 kWh Elektrik kaç TL?”, https://gazelektrik.com/faydali-bilgiler/1-kwh-elektrik-kac-tl, November 20, 2019.
  • 29. Ishack, S., Lipner S.R., “Applications of 3D Printing Technology to Address COVID-19−Related Supply Shortages”, Am J Med., Vol. 133, Issue 7, Pages 771-773, 2020.
  • 30. Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi, “Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi Ventilatör (Solunum Cihazı) Çoklayıcı Aparatı Üretim Dosyasını Paylaşıma Açtı”, https://neu.edu.tr/yakin-dogu-universitesi-ventilator-solunum-cihazi-coklayici-aparati-uretim-dosyasini-paylasima-acti/, April 8, 2020.
  • 31. Tıplopedi, “Laringoskop”, https://www.tiplopedi.com/Laringoskop#:~:text=Laringoskop%20ent%C3%BCbasyon%20i%C3%A7in%20kullan%C4%B1lan%20bir,olan%20blade%20kullan%C4%B1larak%2C%20ent%C3%BCbe%20edilir, September 13, 2018.
  • 32. The AirAngel Project, “AirAngel Blade”, https://www.airangelblade.org/, November 4, 2020.
  • 33. Fischer EP, Fischer MC, Grass D, Henrion I, Warren WS, Westman E, “Low-cost measurement of face mask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech”, Sci Adv., Vol. 6, Issue 36, 2020.
  • 34. Independent Türkçe, “The New York Times, CDC, Ev yapımı maske için en iyi malzeme hangisi?’’ https://www.indyturk.com/node/158861/sa%C4%9Flik/ev-yap%C4%B1m%C4%B1-maske-i%C3%A7in-en-iyi-malzeme-hangisi, April 6, 2020. 35. Tridi, “Entübasyon Kabininin Tasarım Süreçleri”, https://www.tridi.co/blog/entubasyon-kabini-tasarim-surecleri, April 30, 2020.
  • 36. TürkRC, “3D Yazıcı ve Modelcilik”, https://www.turkrc.com/3d-yazici-ve-modelcilik, February 2, 2019.
  • 37. Kunkel, M.E., Vasques, M.T., Perfeito, J.A.J., “Additive manufacturing and injection molding process for mass-production of face shields during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative study”, https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-63872/v2, Dec 01, 2020.
  • 38. Karaağaç, İ., Uluer, O., Gürün, H., & Mert, F. “Plastik Enjeksiyon Kalıplarında Maliyet Tahmini”, 1st International Symposium on Plastic and Rubber Technologies and Exhibition, Pages 29-40, Ankara, 2013.
  • 39. Şanlıer, C., Börklü, H. R. & Eldem, C., “Dizüstü Bilgisayar Sehpası Tasarımı: Geleneksel Ve Yeni İmalat Yöntemleri İçin Yapılan Tasarımlar Ve Karşılaştırılması”, International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry , Vol. 5, Issue 1, Pages 65-75, 2021.

INVESTIGATION OF PRODUCTS DEVELOPED WITH 3D PRINTERS IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Year 2022, , 113 - 125, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.46519/ij3dptdi.957098

Abstract

COVID-19 virus was identified as a respiratory disease that appeared on December 31, 2019 in Hubei Province, China, with clinical symptoms as fever, cough and shortness of breath. With the spread of this disease, it was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in a short time later. For this reason, the need for protective products against the epidemic has increased enormously. Factories were insufficient to meet the demand for basic protective products that are far above their production capacities. 3D printer technology has been put into use to overcome this deficiency. Cooperating started within a short time thanks to 3D printers and the shortcomings of healthcare professionals were eliminated. Many products such as face shields, masks and apparatus have been designed and developed by hundreds of people. In this study, the products developed for protection from this virus and the additive manufacturing technologies used during the pandemic process were examined.

References

  • 1. Chung, M., Bernheim, A., Mei, X., Zhang, N., Huang, M., Zeng, X. et al, “CT Imaging Features of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)” Radiology, Vol. 295, Issue 1, Pages 202-207, 2020.
  • 2. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. “Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novelcoronavirus-infected pneumonia”, N Engl J Med., Vol. 382, Issue 13, Pages 1199–1207, 2020.
  • 3. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. “A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China”, N Engl J Med., Vol. 382, Pages 727-33, 2020.
  • 4. Samancı, M., “Küresel Bir Salgın: Covid-19”, Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol. 5, Issue 1, Pages 6-11 6, 2020.
  • 5. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, ‘‘COVID-19 Nedir’’, https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66300/covid-19-nedir-.html, July 20, 2020.
  • 6. Choong, Y.Y.C., Tan, H.W., Patel, D.C., Choong, W.T.N., Chen, C., H.Y., Low, M.J., Tan, C.D., Patel,C.K., “The global rise of 3D printing during the COVID-19 pandemic”, Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 5, Pages 637–639, 2020.
  • 7. Longhitano, G.A., Nunes, G.B., G., Candido, J.V., da Silva, L., “The role of 3D printing during COVID 19 pandemic: a review”, Progress in Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 6, Pages 19–37, 2021. 8. Advincula, R., Dizon, J., Chen, Q., Niu, I., Chung, J., Kilpatrick, L., & Newman, R., “Additive manufacturing for COVID-19: Devices, materials, prospects, and challenges”, MRS Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 3, Pages 413-427, 2020.
  • 9. 3D Gence, ‘‘How 3D printing can affect your broken supply chain during the crisis caused by the Covid-19 outbreak”, https://3dgence.com/3dnews/how-3d-printing-can-affect-your-broken-supplychain-coronavirus/ accessed: August 18, 2020.
  • 10. Chua, C. K. & Leong, K. F. “3D Printing and additive manufacturing- principles and applications”, Pages 217-219, 5th edn. World Scientific Publishing, Singapur, 2017.
  • 11. D.Ngo, T., Kashani, A., Imbalzano, G., Nguyen, K. T. Q., Hui, D., “Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods,applications and challenges”, Composites Part B, Vol. 143, Pages 143-172, 2018.
  • 12. Browne, M. P., Redondo, E., Pumera, M., “3D Printing for Electrochemical Energy Applications, Chemical Reviews”, American Chemical Society, Vol. 120, Issue 5, Pages 2783-2810, 2020.
  • 13. Börklü, H. R., Yıldırım, A. & Sezer, H. K. “Hızlı Prototip Oluşturmada Karşılaşılan Problemler Ve Çözüm Önerileri”, Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, Vol. 4, İssue 4, Pages 309-319, 2016.
  • 14. Kumar, K. P. A., Ghosh, K., Alduhaish, O., Pumera, M., “Metal-plated 3D-printed electrode for electrochemical detection of carbohydrates”, Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 120, Issue 1, Pages 1-7, 2020.
  • 15. Sevli, O., “3 Boyutlu Baskıda Kullanılacak Malzemenin Makine Öğrenmesi Teknikleri İle Tahminlenmesİ”, International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, 5 (3), 596-605, 2020.
  • 16. Kurttay, B., “STL: Nedir ve Nasıl Oluşturulur?”, https://bicisim.com/blog/3d-baski-ile-uretilen-bir-parca-hangi-asamalardan-gecer, October 29, 2019.
  • 17. Aktepe, Y., “3D Tarayıcılar Nasıl Çalışır? Elektrik Port”, https://www.elektrikport.com/teknik-kutuphane/3d-tarayicilar-nasil-calisir/22595#ad-image-0, April 7,2020.
  • 18. Hürriyet, “3D yazıcılar nereye gidiyor? Evlerde de görecek miyiz?”, https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/teknoloji/3d-yazicilar-nereye-gidiyor-evlerde-de-gorecek-miyiz-41657709, November 9, 2020. 19. Milliyet, “Evlerde Üç Boyutlu Üretim Patlaması”, https://www.milliyet.com.tr/ekonomi/evlerde-uc-boyutlu-uretim-patlamasi-6304517, September 12, 2020. 20. Sivil Sayfalar, “Kolektif Ruhla Yeni Nesil Üretim Hareketi: 3 Boyutlu Destek”, https://www.sivilsayfalar.org/2020/08/28/kolektif-ruhla-yeni-nesil-uretim-hareketi-3-boyutlu-destek/, Agust 28, 2020.
  • 21. Isinnova SRL, “Easy Covid”, https://isinnova.it/archivio-progetti/easy-covid-19/, July 20, 2020.
  • 22. Habertürk, “Su Altı Maskesini Sağlık Maskesine Dönüştürecek Kurum Arıyor”, https://www.haberturk.com/su-alti-maskesinin-satisini-durdurdu-haberler-2632164-ekonomi, April 1, 2020.
  • 23. Christensen, R.P., Leavitt Gen. Dent., R.W., “Efficiency of 42 brands of face masks and 2 face shields in preventing inhalation of airborne debris”, Gen Dent., Vol. 39, Issue 6, Pages 414-421, 1991. 24. Anon J.B., Denne C., Rees D., “Patient-Worn Enhanced Protection Face Shield for Flexible Endoscopy”, Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg., Vol. 163, Issue 2, Pages 280-283, 2020.
  • 25. Kumar, K.P.A., Pumera M., “3D-Printing to Mitigate COVID-19 Pandemic”, Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 22, 2021.
  • 26. Perencevich, E. N., D. J. Diekema, and M. B. Edmond. “Moving personal protective equipment into the community: Face shields and containment of COVID-19”, JAMA, Vol. 323, Issue 22, Pages 2252-2253, 2020.
  • 27. Vassilakopoulos T, Zakynthinos S, Roussos C. “The tension–time index and the frequency/tidal volume ratio are the major pathophysiologic determinants of weaning failure and success”, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, Vol. 158, Pages 378–385, 1998.
  • 28. Gaz Elektrik, “1 kWh Elektrik kaç TL?”, https://gazelektrik.com/faydali-bilgiler/1-kwh-elektrik-kac-tl, November 20, 2019.
  • 29. Ishack, S., Lipner S.R., “Applications of 3D Printing Technology to Address COVID-19−Related Supply Shortages”, Am J Med., Vol. 133, Issue 7, Pages 771-773, 2020.
  • 30. Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi, “Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi Ventilatör (Solunum Cihazı) Çoklayıcı Aparatı Üretim Dosyasını Paylaşıma Açtı”, https://neu.edu.tr/yakin-dogu-universitesi-ventilator-solunum-cihazi-coklayici-aparati-uretim-dosyasini-paylasima-acti/, April 8, 2020.
  • 31. Tıplopedi, “Laringoskop”, https://www.tiplopedi.com/Laringoskop#:~:text=Laringoskop%20ent%C3%BCbasyon%20i%C3%A7in%20kullan%C4%B1lan%20bir,olan%20blade%20kullan%C4%B1larak%2C%20ent%C3%BCbe%20edilir, September 13, 2018.
  • 32. The AirAngel Project, “AirAngel Blade”, https://www.airangelblade.org/, November 4, 2020.
  • 33. Fischer EP, Fischer MC, Grass D, Henrion I, Warren WS, Westman E, “Low-cost measurement of face mask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech”, Sci Adv., Vol. 6, Issue 36, 2020.
  • 34. Independent Türkçe, “The New York Times, CDC, Ev yapımı maske için en iyi malzeme hangisi?’’ https://www.indyturk.com/node/158861/sa%C4%9Flik/ev-yap%C4%B1m%C4%B1-maske-i%C3%A7in-en-iyi-malzeme-hangisi, April 6, 2020. 35. Tridi, “Entübasyon Kabininin Tasarım Süreçleri”, https://www.tridi.co/blog/entubasyon-kabini-tasarim-surecleri, April 30, 2020.
  • 36. TürkRC, “3D Yazıcı ve Modelcilik”, https://www.turkrc.com/3d-yazici-ve-modelcilik, February 2, 2019.
  • 37. Kunkel, M.E., Vasques, M.T., Perfeito, J.A.J., “Additive manufacturing and injection molding process for mass-production of face shields during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative study”, https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-63872/v2, Dec 01, 2020.
  • 38. Karaağaç, İ., Uluer, O., Gürün, H., & Mert, F. “Plastik Enjeksiyon Kalıplarında Maliyet Tahmini”, 1st International Symposium on Plastic and Rubber Technologies and Exhibition, Pages 29-40, Ankara, 2013.
  • 39. Şanlıer, C., Börklü, H. R. & Eldem, C., “Dizüstü Bilgisayar Sehpası Tasarımı: Geleneksel Ve Yeni İmalat Yöntemleri İçin Yapılan Tasarımlar Ve Karşılaştırılması”, International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry , Vol. 5, Issue 1, Pages 65-75, 2021.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Mechanical Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Cansu Kardaş 0000-0002-8652-3683

Hüseyin Rıza Börklü 0000-0001-5104-9195

Publication Date April 30, 2022
Submission Date June 24, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Kardaş, C., & Börklü, H. R. (2022). COVID-19 SALGININDA 3B YAZICILARLA GELİŞTİRİLEN ÜRÜNLERİN İNCELENMESİ. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, 6(1), 113-125. https://doi.org/10.46519/ij3dptdi.957098
AMA Kardaş C, Börklü HR. COVID-19 SALGININDA 3B YAZICILARLA GELİŞTİRİLEN ÜRÜNLERİN İNCELENMESİ. IJ3DPTDI. April 2022;6(1):113-125. doi:10.46519/ij3dptdi.957098
Chicago Kardaş, Cansu, and Hüseyin Rıza Börklü. “COVID-19 SALGININDA 3B YAZICILARLA GELİŞTİRİLEN ÜRÜNLERİN İNCELENMESİ”. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry 6, no. 1 (April 2022): 113-25. https://doi.org/10.46519/ij3dptdi.957098.
EndNote Kardaş C, Börklü HR (April 1, 2022) COVID-19 SALGININDA 3B YAZICILARLA GELİŞTİRİLEN ÜRÜNLERİN İNCELENMESİ. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry 6 1 113–125.
IEEE C. Kardaş and H. R. Börklü, “COVID-19 SALGININDA 3B YAZICILARLA GELİŞTİRİLEN ÜRÜNLERİN İNCELENMESİ”, IJ3DPTDI, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 113–125, 2022, doi: 10.46519/ij3dptdi.957098.
ISNAD Kardaş, Cansu - Börklü, Hüseyin Rıza. “COVID-19 SALGININDA 3B YAZICILARLA GELİŞTİRİLEN ÜRÜNLERİN İNCELENMESİ”. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry 6/1 (April 2022), 113-125. https://doi.org/10.46519/ij3dptdi.957098.
JAMA Kardaş C, Börklü HR. COVID-19 SALGININDA 3B YAZICILARLA GELİŞTİRİLEN ÜRÜNLERİN İNCELENMESİ. IJ3DPTDI. 2022;6:113–125.
MLA Kardaş, Cansu and Hüseyin Rıza Börklü. “COVID-19 SALGININDA 3B YAZICILARLA GELİŞTİRİLEN ÜRÜNLERİN İNCELENMESİ”. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, vol. 6, no. 1, 2022, pp. 113-25, doi:10.46519/ij3dptdi.957098.
Vancouver Kardaş C, Börklü HR. COVID-19 SALGININDA 3B YAZICILARLA GELİŞTİRİLEN ÜRÜNLERİN İNCELENMESİ. IJ3DPTDI. 2022;6(1):113-25.

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