Olive Selection Studies in East Mediterranean Region

Abstract

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a fruit grown especially in countries with a coast to the Mediterranean and used as a table and oil (Arsel and Sefer, 2006). It is studied on olives reported that the region where Mardin, Kahramanmaraş and Hatay Provinces are located is considered the homeland of olives. The region is an important study area as an olive genetic resource. In this region where many civilizations lived, we see that fertile local olive genotypes are grown. Many important local olive genotypes have started to disappear due to changing times and urbanization planning. This project, it was aimed to determine these olive genotypes that are disappearing in the Kahramanmaraş region. In the observation made, 120 different local types were determined, and the observations of these types, which were sampled, were continued in the locations. Then, proximity to settlements, etc. It was decided to make a weighted grading in 47 genotypes by deducting the genotypes that were destroyed due to reasons and also found to be standard varieties. It was determined that the average fruit weights were between 1.64-5.97 g in the genotypes observed in the study, and the highest fruit weights were in the GN-50 (5.987 g), GN-30 (5.80 g) and GN-27 (5.26 g) genotypes. The lowest fruit weights were found in GN-6 with 1.87 g, GN-15 with 1.75 g, and GN-14 with 1.64 g. The oil ratio was found to be between 8.77-25.82% in the olive genotypes selected in fruit oil ratios. The highest oil ratios were found in GN-72, GN-85, and GN-52 genotypes with 25.82%, 25.09%, and 24.13%, respectively. The lowest oil ratios were found in GN-45 (11.80%), GN-14 (10.60%), and GN-44 (8.77%) genotypes. As a result of the weighted grading, it was determined that 15 genotypes were important as cultivar candidates. As of December 2020, 15 selected cultivar candidates were planted on the Institute land at a distance of 5x5 m, with 3 replications in the Random Blocks Trial Design, with 4 plants in each replication. The next part of the study, it is aimed to determine all the characteristics of these selected cultivar candidate genotypes with the control cultivars and to develop new olive cultivars/varieties.

Keywords

• Olea europeae
• olive
• selection

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