Obtaining activated carbon from grape pulp and removing of reactive blue 19 from the aqueous solution

Abstract

As an adsorbent for the removal of reactive blue 19 (RM 19) from the aqueous solution, grape pulp carbon (GMC), an agriculture allow cost by product, was used. Activated carbon was obtained by chemical activation of a grape meal with zincchloride. The surface area of the grape pulp carbon was calculated as 1542.71 m2/g surface area using the BET method. The experiment data showed that adsorption was extremely pH dependent and optimal pH was decisived as 3.0. The maximum dye adsorption capacity was 587.7 mg/g at 45 °C. Freundlich and Langmuira adsorption models were used for a mathematical definition of adsorption equilibrium. According to the experimental data, the Freundlich model was a very good fit. Mass transfer and kinetic models were applied to experimental data to investigate the mechanisms of adsorption and potential rate steps. The mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion were found to play an significant role in the adsorption mechanisms of paint and adsorption kinetics in the first-class kinetic model. The adsorption test results were found to be important in terms of environmental friendliness, economical and easy availability by the activated carbon obtained from the reactive blue 19 textile dye grape pulp.

Keywords

• Grape pulp,chemical activation,activated carbon,adsorption,reactive blue 19

References

1. Referans1 Ahmad, M.A., Puad, N.A.A., Bello, O.S. (2014). Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of synthetic dye removal using pomegranatepe elactivated carbon prepared by microwave-induced KOH activation. Water Resource Industry, 6, 18–35.
2. Referans2 Akar, T., Celik, S., Akar, S.T. (2010). Biosorption performance of surface modified biomass obtained from Pyracantha coccinea for the decolorization of dye contaminated solutions. Chemistry Engineering Journal, 160, 466–472.
3. Referans3 Ali, I., Gupta, V.K. (2007). Advances in water treatment by adsorption technology. Nature Protocols, 1, 2661–2667.
4. Referans4 Alkan, M., Doğan, M., Turhan, Y., Demirbas, O.,Turan, P. (2008). Adsorption kinetics and mechanism of maxilon Blue 5G dye on sepiolite from aqueous solutions. Chemistry Engineering Journal, 139, 213–223.
5. Referans5 Altundogan, H.S. (2005). Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution by iron (III) hydroxide loaded sugar beet pulp. Process Biochemistry, 40, 1443–1452.
6. Referans6 Asgher, M. (2012). Biosorpiton of reactive dyes: a review. Water Air Soil Pollution, 223, 2417–2435.
7. Referans7 Ayed, L., Chaieb, K., Cheref, A., Bakhrouf, A. (2010). Biodegradation and decolorization of triphenylmethane dyes by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Desalination, 260, 137-146.
8. Referans8 Baseri, J.R., Palanisamy, P.N., Kumar, P.S. (2012). Adsorption of basic dye from synthetic textile effluent by activated carbon prepared from Thevetiaperuviana. Indian Journal Chemistry Technology, 19, 311–321.

9. Referans9 Bharathi, K.S., Ramesh, S.T. (2013). Removal of dyes using agricultural wastea slow cost adsorbents: a review. Apply Water Science, 3, 773–790.
10. Referans10 Clarke, E.A., Anliker, R. (1980). Organic Dyes and Pigments Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Anthropogenic Compounds, 3, 181-215.
11. Referans11 Couglin, R.W., Ezra, F.S. (1968). Role of surface acidity in the adsorption of organic pollutants on the surface of carbon. Environment Science Technology, 2, 291-297.
12. Referans12 Dursun, G.,¸ İcek, H.C., Dursun, A.Y. (2005). Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution by using carbonized beet pulp. Journal Hazardous Materials, 125, 175–182.
13. Referans13 Farah, J.Y., El-Gendy, N.S., Farahat, L.A. (2007). Biosorption of Astrazone Blue basic dye from an aqueous solution using dried biomass of Baker’s yeast. Journal Hazardous Materials, 148, 402–408.
14. Referans14 Faria, P.C.C., Órfão, J.J.M., Pereira, M.F.R. (2004). Adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes on activated carbons with different surface chemistries. Water Research, 38, 2043–2052.
15. Referans15 Ferrero, F. (2007). Dye removal by low cost adsorbents: hazelnut shells in comparison with wood sawdust. Journal Hazardous Material, 142, 144–152.
16. Referans16 Findon, A., McKay, G., Blair, H.S. (1993). Transport studies for the sorption of copper ions by chitosan. Journal Environment Science Health A, 28, 173–185.
17. Referans17 Gezer, B. (2019). Removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solution with Reactive Red 198 and carbonization of sugar beet pulp with citric acid. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 3(4), 250-256.
18. Referans18 Gezer, B., Köse, U., Dmytro, Z., Deperlioglu, O., Vasan, P. (2019). Determining optimum carob powder adsorbtion for cleaningwastewater: intelligent optimization with electro-search algorithm. Wireless Networks, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-019-02035.
19. Referans19 Gezer, B., Ersoy, Y. (2018). Adsorption Behavior of Methylene Blue Dye Using Carob powder as Eco-Friendly New Adsorbent For Cleaning Wastewater: optimization By Response Surface Methodology. Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(2), 306-320.
20. Referans20 Gupta, V.K., Jain, R., Mittal,A., Mathur, M., Sikarwar, S. (2007). Photochemical degradation of the hazardous dye Safranin-T using TiO2 catalyst. Journal Colloid Interface Science, 309, 464–469.
21. Referans21 Gupta, V.K., Jain, R., Malathi, S., Nayak, A. (2010). Adsorption desorption studies of indigocarmine from industrial effluents by using deoiled mustard and its comparision with charcoal. Journal Colloid Interface Science, 348, 628–633.
22. Referans22 Gupta, V.K., Ali, I., Saini, V.K. (2007). Adsorption studies on the removal of Vertigo Blue 49 and Orange DNA13 from aqueous solutions using carbon slurry developed from a waste material. Journal Colloid Interface Science, 315, 87–93.
23. Referans23 Hamaaed, B.H., Daud, F.B.M. (2008). Adsorbtion Studies of Basic Dye on Activated Carbon Derived from Agricultural Waste:Hevea Brasiliensis Seed Coat. Chemical Engineering Journal,139, 48-55.
24. Referans24 Ho, Y.S., McKay, G. (1999). Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes. Process Biochemistry, 34, 451–465.
25. Referans25 Jain, R., Gupta, V.K., Sikarwar, S. (2010). Adsorption and desorption studies on hazardous dye Napthol Yellow S. Journal Hazardous Material, 182, 749–756.
26. Referans26 Langmuir, I. (1916). The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 38 (11), 2221–2295.
27. Referans27 Lagergren, S. (1898). Zur theorie der sogenannten adsorption geloster stoffe. Kungliga Svenska Vetenkaps akademiens, handlingar, 24, 1–39.
28. Referans28 Lee, J.W., Choi, S.P., Thiruvenkatachari, R., Shim, W.G., Moon, H. (2006). Evaluation of the performance of adsorption and coagulation processes for the maximum removal of reactive dyes. Dyes Pigments, 69, 196–203.
29. Referans29 Mittal, A., Mittal, J., Malviya, A., Gupta, V.K. (2010). Removal and recovery of Chrysoidine Y from aqueous solutions by waste materials. Journal Colloid Interface Science, 344, 497–507.
30. Referans30 Robinson, T., McMullan, G., Marchant, R., Nigam, P. (2001). Remediation of dyes in textile effluent: a critical review on current treatment technologies with a proposed alternative. Bioresourse Technology, 77, 247–255.
31. Referans31 Ramakrishna, K.R., Viraraghavan, T. (1997). Dye removal using low cost adsorbents. Water Science Technology, 36, 189–196.
32. Referans32 Slokar, Y.M., LeMarechal, A.M. (1997). Methods of decoloration of textile wastewaters. Dyes Pigments, 37, 335–356.
33. Referans33 Smith, J.M. (1981). Chemical Engineering Kinetics, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill. Singapore.
34. Referans34 Smith, J.M., Van Ness, H.C. (1987). Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics. 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, Singapore.
35. Referans35 Özdüven, M.L., Coşkuntuna, L., Koç, F. ( 2005). Üzüm posası silajının fermantasyon ve yem değeri özelliklerinin saptanması. Trakya University Journal Science, 6(1), 45-50.