Examination of Mechanical Tests of CFRP Composite Material with Different Orientation Angles Used in the Automotive Industry

Abstract

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with excellent mechanical properties are now widely used in various industries. Carbon fabric/epoxy composites are employed in the production of various components across professional sectors such as aerospace, construction, textiles, and automotive. In the automotive sector, the use of CFRP composite lightweight materials for emission reduction, improving crashworthiness, and enhancing fuel economy has been steadily increasing. To evaluate materials in these industries, understanding their mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and three-point bending, is crucial. In this study, four different types of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials, namely [0°/0°], [0°/90°], [±45°], and [0°/90°/+45°/-45°/-45°/-45°/+45°/90°/0°], were used to determine the optimum orientation angle and strength. The specimens with four different orientation angles underwent tensile and three-point bending tests. Three-point bending tests were conducted according to ASTM D7264 standards, and tensile tests were performed in accordance with ASTM D3039 standards. It was observed that the mate-rial type that withstood the maximum force the most was the C48 CFRP material with an 8-layer [0°/90°/+45°/-45°] arrangement. The maximum stress values in the three-point bending test were 258.2, 275.0, 70.1, and 285.2 Newtons for C18, C28, C38, and C48 materials, respectively. The stress value of the C48 specimen increased by 10.44%, 4.74%, and 307.23% compared to C18, C28, and C38 materials, respectively. Additionally, the % elongation in the tensile test decreased by 286.36%, 46.55%, and 73.96%, respectively. However, it was concluded that the bearing capacity of the C48 specimen was higher than that of the specimens with different fabric orientations.

Keywords

• Three-point bending behavior
• Tensile test
• CFRP composite
• Automotive weight reduction

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