Simulation-Based Verification Framework for Outputs of Electric Vehicle Routing Algorithms: A Campus-Scale Case Study

Serhat Kahraman; Metin Özkan; İnci Sarıçiçek; Ahmet Yazici

doi:10.30939/ijastech..1793294

Simulation-Based Verification Framework for Outputs of Electric Vehicle Routing Algorithms: A Campus-Scale Case Study

Abstract

This study introduces a lightweight yet systematic simulation-based verification framework for evaluating electric vehicle routing (EVR) solutions under realistic traffic and charging conditions. Rather than proposing new EVR optimization algorithm like heuristics, meta-heuristics or dynamics, our contribution is a framework that ingests routing outputs produced by any EVR algorithm, exposes these outputs to microscopic traffic and energy models, and conducts distortion testing (e.g., traffic jams, customer removal, charging-station relocation) to assess robustness. The framework reports comparable performance metrics—distance, travel time, energy consumption, state of charge (SoC) trajectories, charging waits—and quantifies plan–execution gaps via statistical measures. We demonstrate the framework on a campus-scale case study. Results show how distance-optimal plans may become energy-suboptimal once regenerative braking limits, auxiliary loads, and charging constraints are enforced, and how seemingly favorable changes (e.g., moving a charger closer) can paradoxically reduce final SoC due to capacity and timing effects. The framework is algorithm-agnostic, transparent, and reproducible; it complements, rather than replaces, classical EVR models by providing an execution-level lens. We discuss threats to validity arising from scale and parameterization and outline how the framework generalizes to larger settings. Overall, the work provides a verification analysis for stress-testing EVR outputs before deployment.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)

Project Number

22AG040

Thanks

This study is supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the Grant Number 22AG040. The authors thank to TUBITAK for their support.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Hybrid and Electric Vehicles and Powertrains, Automotive Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Serhat Kahraman ^*
0009-0008-8891-6940
Türkiye

Metin Özkan
0000-0001-7281-3455
Türkiye

İnci Sarıçiçek
0000-0002-3528-7342
Türkiye

Ahmet Yazici
0000-0001-5589-2032
Türkiye

Publication Date

May 23, 2026

Submission Date

September 29, 2025

Acceptance Date

May 5, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1793294

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA88KB72EB

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kahraman, S., Özkan, M., Sarıçiçek, İ., & Yazici, A. (2026). Simulation-Based Verification Framework for Outputs of Electric Vehicle Routing Algorithms: A Campus-Scale Case Study. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, 10(2), 370-385. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1793294

AMA

1.Kahraman S, Özkan M, Sarıçiçek İ, Yazici A. Simulation-Based Verification Framework for Outputs of Electric Vehicle Routing Algorithms: A Campus-Scale Case Study. IJASTECH. 2026;10(2):370-385. doi:10.30939/ijastech.1793294

Chicago

Kahraman, Serhat, Metin Özkan, İnci Sarıçiçek, and Ahmet Yazici. 2026. “Simulation-Based Verification Framework for Outputs of Electric Vehicle Routing Algorithms: A Campus-Scale Case Study”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 10 (2): 370-85. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1793294.

EndNote

Kahraman S, Özkan M, Sarıçiçek İ, Yazici A (May 1, 2026) Simulation-Based Verification Framework for Outputs of Electric Vehicle Routing Algorithms: A Campus-Scale Case Study. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 10 2 370–385.

IEEE

[1]S. Kahraman, M. Özkan, İ. Sarıçiçek, and A. Yazici, “Simulation-Based Verification Framework for Outputs of Electric Vehicle Routing Algorithms: A Campus-Scale Case Study”, IJASTECH, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 370–385, May 2026, doi: 10.30939/ijastech..1793294.

ISNAD

Kahraman, Serhat - Özkan, Metin - Sarıçiçek, İnci - Yazici, Ahmet. “Simulation-Based Verification Framework for Outputs of Electric Vehicle Routing Algorithms: A Campus-Scale Case Study”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 10/2 (May 1, 2026): 370-385. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1793294.

JAMA

1.Kahraman S, Özkan M, Sarıçiçek İ, Yazici A. Simulation-Based Verification Framework for Outputs of Electric Vehicle Routing Algorithms: A Campus-Scale Case Study. IJASTECH. 2026;10:370–385.

MLA

Kahraman, Serhat, et al. “Simulation-Based Verification Framework for Outputs of Electric Vehicle Routing Algorithms: A Campus-Scale Case Study”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, vol. 10, no. 2, May 2026, pp. 370-85, doi:10.30939/ijastech. 1793294.

Vancouver

1.Serhat Kahraman, Metin Özkan, İnci Sarıçiçek, Ahmet Yazici. Simulation-Based Verification Framework for Outputs of Electric Vehicle Routing Algorithms: A Campus-Scale Case Study. IJASTECH. 2026 May 1;10(2):370-85. doi:10.30939/ijastech. 1793294