Research Article
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Rotor Design and Optimization of the Flux Barrier Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Reducing Torque Ripple and Improving Output Power

Year 2026, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 179 - 190, 15.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1801053
https://izlik.org/JA96HF99NW

Abstract

Synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs) have gained renewed interest as economical, mag-net-free alternatives to permanent magnet and induction machines, particularly for small- and medium-power electric vehicle propulsion systems where cost, efficiency, and sustainability are critical. Their main advantages include simple construction, high reliability, and suitability for sustainable drive systems. However, SynRMs inherently suffer from torque ripple, acoustic noise, and limited power factor, mainly due to the anisotropic nature of their magnetic design. This study presents a fully integrated Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA)–Finite Ele-ment Method (FEM) framework, which simultaneously minimizes torque ripple and maximizes output power by systematically optimizing rotor flux barrier geometry, in contrast to traditional trial-and-error or single-objective optimization methods. The optimization process evaluates key rotor design parameters, including flux barrier angles, widths, and insulation ratios, while explor-ing a wide design space and corresponding objective function values. FEM analysis is employed at each optimization iteration to accurately assess electromagnetic performance and ensure con-vergence toward the optimal solution. The optimized rotor demonstrates a substantial perfor-mance improvement, with the average torque increasing from 13.15 Nm to 19 Nm and the output power rising from 4.13 kW to 6 kW. The power factor is improved from 0.85 to 0.9, indicating enhanced efficiency and reduced reactive current demand. Moreover, torque ripple is quantita-tively reduced from 8.95% to 8.5%, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed optimization strategy. The introduction of barrier fillets further decreases flux density in the tangential ribs, thereby reducing mechanical stress and core losses. These results confirm that systematic opti-mization of flux barrier geometry can significantly enhance SynRM performance without the use of permanent magnets or complex rotor structures, preserving simplicity and cost-effectiveness.

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There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Automotive Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Loubna Boudjelida 0009-0006-4218-062X

Redjem Rebbah 0000-0001-5547-4375

Çağdaş Hisar 0000-0001-8278-3501

Submission Date October 10, 2025
Acceptance Date March 3, 2026
Publication Date March 15, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1801053
IZ https://izlik.org/JA96HF99NW
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver 1.Loubna Boudjelida, Redjem Rebbah, Çağdaş Hisar. Rotor Design and Optimization of the Flux Barrier Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Reducing Torque Ripple and Improving Output Power. IJASTECH. 2026 Mar. 1;10(1):179-90. doi:10.30939/ijastech. 1801053

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[1] Setiyo M, Waluyo B. Mixer with Secondary Venturi: An Invention for the First-Generation LPG Kits. Int J Automot Sci Technol. 2019;3(1):21–26.



[2] Can Ö, Öztürk E, Solmaz H, Aksoy F, Çinar C, Yücesu HS. Combined effects of soybean biodiesel fuel addition and EGR application on the combustion and exhaust emissions in a diesel engine. Appl Therm Eng. 2016;95:115–124.



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[5] Solouk A, Shakiba-Herfeh M, Kannan K, Solmaz H, Dice P, Bidarvatan M, et al. Fuel Economy Benefits of Integrating a Multi- Mode Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) Engine in a Series Extended Range Electric Powertrain. In: SAE Technical Papers. 2016.


[6] Gupta HN. Fundamentals of internal combustion engines. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.; 2012.







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The Journal aim to publish extensive and reliable information on current developments, innovative technologies and discoveries about automotive science and technology. Papers will be freely accessible online without any subscriptions and restrictions to researchers worldwide. Original research papers, review papers, letter to the editor, case reports, short communications are welcome for publishing without any publishing or submission payment.

Editor in Chief

Technical, Vocational and Workplace Education, Development of Vocational Education , Internal Combustion Engines, Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering, Automotive Engineering (Other)

Co-Editor in Chief

Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, Energy, Mechanical Engineering, Automotive Engineering, Internal Combustion Engines, Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering

Section Editors

Finite Element Analysis , Automotive Safety Engineering, Automotive Engineering Materials, Vehicle Technique and Dynamics
Mechanical Engineering, Internal Combustion Engines, Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering
Resource Technologies, Plating Technology, Corrosion, Material Characterization

M.M. Topaç is a senior researcher in automotive engineering at Dokuz Eylül University Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Main research topics:

• Vehicle engineering / Automotive systems,
• Vehicle design,
• Chassis systems engineering,
• Vehicle suspensions & steering,
• Ground vehicle dynamics,
• Failure analysis and prevention in vehicle design,
• Vehicle structures,
• Applied optimisation in vehicle engineering,
• Defence engineering,
• Electromobility.

Current research interests:

• Chassis systems design for special purpose vehicles: multi-axle land platforms, heavy-duty commercial vehicles, articulated vehicles / trailers, tracked vehicles,
• Alternative urban transportation: design of electric vehicles / urban electric microcars,
• Failure analysis and optimal design of vehicle components and structures,
• Dynamics of special purpose land vehicles,
• Modelling, design, optimisation and manufacturing of vehicle suspensions, axle systems and steering systems (including multi-axle steering systems for special purpose land vehicles and trailers),
• Design and optimisation of chassis and vehicle body structure,
• Powertrain modelling / Drivetrain dynamics.

Since 2006, he has been serving as a project consultant for automotive industry. He has been directing projects related to design and optimisation of suspensions, steering linkages, chassis, body and the other mechanical subsystems of wheeled vehicles. Moreover, he is investigating the effects of the design parameters of suspension and steering systems on handling behaviour and dynamics of wheeled and tracked land vehicles. He is also interested in topology optimisation-based lightweight design applications in vehicle engineering.

He is a member of SAE International.

Industrial Product Design, Optimization Techniques in Mechanical Engineering, Machine Design and Machine Equipment, Automotive Safety Engineering, Vehicle Technique and Dynamics

Ir Prof Pak Kin Wong received the Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, in 1997. He is currently a Professor in the Department of Electromechanical Engineering and Dean of Graduate School, University of Macau. He is also the Fellow of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers and Chartered Fellow of Chartered Association of Building Engineers, U.K. His research interests include automotive engineering, artificial intelligence for medical applications, fluid transmission and control and mechanical vibration. He has published over 354 scientific papers. 238 out of 354 are refereed journal papers. 

Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Energy, Internal Combustion Engines, Vehicle Technique and Dynamics
Information and Computing Sciences, Fuzzy Computation, Photovoltaic Power Systems, Control Theoryand Applications
Information and Computing Sciences, Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Embedded Systems, Automotive Engineering, Hybrid and Electric Vehicles and Powertrains, Automotive Mechatronics and Autonomous Systems, Automotive Engineering (Other)

Dr. Yanan Camaraza-Medina is a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Mexico. He received his M.Sc. in thermal engineering from the Universidad de Matanzas “Camilo Cienfuegos” in 2011 and the M.Sc. in electrical engineering from the Universidad Central de Las Villas “Marta Abreu” in 2015. He received his Ph.D. (Doctor in Technical Sciences) from the Universidad Central de Las Villas “Marta Abreu” in 2019. His research interests include problems of the heat transfer and fluid mechanics, with a special focus on thermal radiation, convective heat transfer and numerical modeling of thermal processes. He is a member of Editorial Advisory Board of three Scopus Indexed Journals, Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems (IIETA), Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés (IIETA), Recent Patents on Engineering (Bentham Science). Dr. Camaraza-Medina is the author and coauthor of more than 60 papers and several books.

Experimental Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer, Heat Transfer in Automotive

Dr. Ramazan Şener is an expert in thermofluids, CFD and ICEs. He earned his PhD at Marmara University focusing on engine performance improvement and emissions reduction using advanced simulation tools and experimental methods. He also had the opportunity to conduct his research at the University of Catania, Italy. He is currently an Associate Professor at Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, where he teaches and conducts research in thermofluids, optimization, ICEs, and renewable energy systems.

Computational Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (Incl. Computational Fluid Dynamics), Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical), Gas Dynamics, Optimization Techniques in Mechanical Engineering, Internal Combustion Engines, Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering

Dr. Gang Li is an Assistant Professor at Michael W. Hall School of Mechanical Engineering at Mississippi State University. His research interests include the fields of renewable energy technologies, applied artificial intelligence, dynamics and vibration, control theory, condition monitoring algorithms, structural health monitoring, and life cycle assessment, and involve AI for engineering, numerical simulation, experimental validation, and industrial application. Dr. Li is a recipient of the NSF EPSCoR Research Fellow Award and DOE EnergyTech UP Faculty Explorer Award. Dr. Li's research has been funded by NSF, DOE, the Maryland Energy Innovation Institute's Energy Innovation Seed Grant, the Maryland Technology Development Corporation’s Maryland Innovation Initiative (MII) Grant, the Maryland Offshore Wind Energy Research (MOWER) Challenge Grant Program, General Electric (GE), and Baltimore Gas and Electric (BGE).  Dr. Li is a member of ASME, IEEE, and SAE International.

Wind Energy Systems, Mechatronic System Design, Dynamics, Vibration and Vibration Control, Hybrid and Electric Vehicles and Powertrains
Biomaterial , Solid Mechanics, Material Design and Behaviors, Tribology, Physical Metallurgy, Composite and Hybrid Materials, Corrosion, Metals and Alloy Materials, Powder Metallurgy, Automotive Engineering Materials, Aerospace Materials
Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, Engineering, Energy, Mechanical Engineering, Internal Combustion Engines, Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering
Material Design and Behaviors, Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (Excl. Textiles)
Optimization Techniques in Mechanical Engineering, Numerical Methods in Mechanical Engineering, Machine Theory and Dynamics, Vehicle Technique and Dynamics
Power Electronics, Hybrid and Electric Vehicles and Powertrains
Mechanical Engineering, Composite and Hybrid Materials, Automotive Engineering, Internal Combustion Engines

Editorial Board

Energy, Renewable Energy Resources , Internal Combustion Engines, Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering, Automotive Engineering (Other)
Aerodynamics (Excl. Hypersonic Aerodynamics), Computational Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (Incl. Computational Fluid Dynamics), Automotive Engineering, Internal Combustion Engines, Heat Transfer in Automotive
Engineering, Numerical Methods in Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering (Other), Internal Combustion Engines, Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering
Automotive Engineering Materials
Electrical Energy Storage, Power Plants, Photovoltaic Power Systems, Solar Energy Systems, Hydroelectric Energy Systems, Wind Energy Systems, Renewable Energy Resources , Energy Efficiency, Hybrid and Electric Vehicles and Powertrains
Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering, Computational Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (Incl. Computational Fluid Dynamics), Energy, Mechatronics Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical), Internal Combustion Engines, Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering, Heat Transfer in Automotive, Vehicle Technique and Dynamics
Building Science, Technologies and Systems, Chemical and Thermal Processes in Energy and Combustion, Dynamics, Vibration and Vibration Control, Internal Combustion Engines
Internal Combustion Engines


International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology (IJASTECH) is published by Society of Automotive Engineers Turkey

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