Investigation of the Friction Performance of G3000 (Variant), GG20, and GG15 (High Carbon) Cast Brake Discs Using the SAE J2522 Procedure

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 500 - 516, 31.12.2025

Talha İkbal Çığır , Melih Hakan Samur , Mevlüt Yasin Igdeli

https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1811564

Abstract

This study compares the friction performance of three commonly used cast brake disc materials in the automotive industry: the G3000 variant, GG20, and GG15 (high carbon content). Samples were tested on an inertia dynamometer following the SAE J2522 AK Master procedure, using the same type and batch of brake pads. In addition to performance tests, the structural and chemical properties of the materials were analyzed. Microstructural examinations evaluated lamellar graphite morphology, pearlite-ferrite ratio, and graphite size, while chemical analyses showed that the GG15 sample has a carbon content exceeding standard ranges. Structural and chemical properties of the materials were also analyzed alongside performance tests. Chemical compositions were confirmed via spectrometry, revealing that the carbon content of the GG15 sample (%3.72) exceeds standard ranges and is classified as “high carbon” by the manufacturer. The term “G3000 variant” in this study refers to a material that does not exactly replicate the mechanical properties of the original G3000 but represents a variant with some improved characteristics. Results indicated that the materials exhibited similar average friction coefficients. Differences in microstructure and thermal conductivity were observed to influence friction behavior in certain segments. These findings provide valuable engineering inputs for material selection and design.

Keywords

Brake Disc Material; , Coefficient of Friction , Inertia Dynamometer , SAE J2522

Supporting Institution

AYD Automotive Industry Inc.

Thanks

I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Harun Aydın, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Mr. Halil Aydın, CEO, and Mr. Mehmet Fatih Aydın, Brake Disc Factory Director, for their contributions to the implementation of this project. I would also like to extend my sincere gratitude to all my team members who contributed to the project process for their contributions and dedicated work. I would also like to thank the AYD Automotive Industry family for their support and resources, which made this project possible.

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