Development of a Route-Specific Driving Cycle for the Istanbul Metrobus Line: Integration of Operational Dynamics and Topography

Bayram Hasan Yiğit; Oğuzhan Arı; Mehmet İhsan Karamangil

doi:10.30939/ijastech..1836826

Development of a Route-Specific Driving Cycle for the Istanbul Metrobus Line: Integration of Operational Dynamics and Topography

Abstract

In this study, a route-specific driving cycle for the Beylikdüzü–Söğütlüçeşme–Beylikdüzü Istanbul Metrobus line was developed to reflect its operational and topographical characteristics. The cycle considers real-world gradients, frequent stops, and high passenger loads, addressing the limitations of standard flat-road assumptions. High-resolution telemetry data were collected from 132 LF25 diesel buses, including speed, acceleration, stop times, and segment-based speed profiles. Five representative vehicles were selected based on statistical consistency, and vehicle motion was divided into acceleration, constant speed, deceleration, and stop phases. Time-based speed and distance values were calculated for each segment, and stop altitudes along the route were obtained from Google Earth with linear interpolation applied to generate continuous distance–altitude profiles. These profiles were integrated into MATLAB/Simulink-based vehicle dynamics and powertrain simulations to realistically estimate traction force, road resistance, regenerative braking potential, and overall energy demand. The simulation framework enables evaluation of energy consumption and powertrain performance for 25-meter bi-articulated electric Metrobus vehicles. The developed driving cycle provides a robust representation of real operational conditions and serves as a foundation for future studies on energy efficiency, motor torque requirements, and battery performance. Furthermore, the methodology can be adapted for electric or fuel-cell public transit vehicles, supporting the transition toward zero-emission urban transportation in Istanbul.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Ulaşım İç ve Dış Ticaret A.Ş.

Thanks

This study was conducted at the R&D center of Ulaşım İç ve Dış Ticaret A.Ş. Vehicle data were collected on the Istanbul Metrobus line operated by İETT. The authors would like to thank the management of Ulaşım İç ve Dış Ticaret A.Ş. and İETT for their support.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Hybrid and Electric Vehicles and Powertrains

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Bayram Hasan Yiğit ^*
0000-0001-8221-128X
Türkiye

Oğuzhan Arı
0009-0002-4196-9435
Türkiye

Mehmet İhsan Karamangil
0000-0001-5965-0313
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 24, 2026

Submission Date

December 5, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 2, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1836826

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA55AL69YY

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Yiğit, B. H., Arı, O., & Karamangil, M. İ. (2026). Development of a Route-Specific Driving Cycle for the Istanbul Metrobus Line: Integration of Operational Dynamics and Topography. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, 10(1), 191-202. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1836826

AMA

1.Yiğit BH, Arı O, Karamangil Mİ. Development of a Route-Specific Driving Cycle for the Istanbul Metrobus Line: Integration of Operational Dynamics and Topography. IJASTECH. 2026;10(1):191-202. doi:10.30939/ijastech.1836826

Chicago

Yiğit, Bayram Hasan, Oğuzhan Arı, and Mehmet İhsan Karamangil. 2026. “Development of a Route-Specific Driving Cycle for the Istanbul Metrobus Line: Integration of Operational Dynamics and Topography”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 10 (1): 191-202. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1836826.

EndNote

Yiğit BH, Arı O, Karamangil Mİ (March 1, 2026) Development of a Route-Specific Driving Cycle for the Istanbul Metrobus Line: Integration of Operational Dynamics and Topography. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 10 1 191–202.

IEEE

[1]B. H. Yiğit, O. Arı, and M. İ. Karamangil, “Development of a Route-Specific Driving Cycle for the Istanbul Metrobus Line: Integration of Operational Dynamics and Topography”, IJASTECH, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 191–202, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.30939/ijastech..1836826.

ISNAD

Yiğit, Bayram Hasan - Arı, Oğuzhan - Karamangil, Mehmet İhsan. “Development of a Route-Specific Driving Cycle for the Istanbul Metrobus Line: Integration of Operational Dynamics and Topography”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 10/1 (March 1, 2026): 191-202. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1836826.

JAMA

1.Yiğit BH, Arı O, Karamangil Mİ. Development of a Route-Specific Driving Cycle for the Istanbul Metrobus Line: Integration of Operational Dynamics and Topography. IJASTECH. 2026;10:191–202.

MLA

Yiğit, Bayram Hasan, et al. “Development of a Route-Specific Driving Cycle for the Istanbul Metrobus Line: Integration of Operational Dynamics and Topography”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, vol. 10, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 191-02, doi:10.30939/ijastech. 1836826.

Vancouver

1.Bayram Hasan Yiğit, Oğuzhan Arı, Mehmet İhsan Karamangil. Development of a Route-Specific Driving Cycle for the Istanbul Metrobus Line: Integration of Operational Dynamics and Topography. IJASTECH. 2026 Mar. 1;10(1):191-202. doi:10.30939/ijastech. 1836826