A Simulation Based Study to Improve Active Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration through Waste-gate Valve Opening Modulation

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 32 - 41, 30.06.2019

Hasan Üstün Başaran

Abstract

Nowadays,
automotive vehicles are generally equipped with diesel particulate filter (DPF)
systems in order to meet the strict particulate matter (PM) emission
legislations. DPFs are highly practical systems; however, they need periodic active
regeneration to clean the collected PM on their filters. Those regeneration
processes are mostly effective when engine outlet temperature is above 500^oC.
At medium load diesel engine operations, exhaust temperatures generally remain below
500^oC which is insufficient to maintain active DPF regeneration.
Therefore, the aim of this study is to elevate exhaust temperatures above 500^oC
at those engine loads via modulating waste-gate valve opening (WGVO).

In the analysis, a
medium-duty diesel engine is modeled via using Lotus Engine Simulation (LES)
software. It is set to operate at 1700 RPM engine speed and within 5.75-7.75
bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) engine load. WGVO modulation can control the mass flow rate of hot
exhaust gas which bypasses the turbine and moves directly to the DPF. Lower
exhaust expansion on turbine due to open waste-gate decreases compressor effectiveness
and thus reduces volumetric efficiency. Reduced airflow causes an increase in exhaust
temperature from 35^oC to 100^oC in the load range. While
exhaust system can be warmed up above 500^oC at 6.75 bar BMEP in half
open waste-gate mode, this can only be achieved at 7.5 bar BMEP in waste-gate
closed mode. The method is highly effective; however, it results in fuel penalty
(up to % 9.2) due to increased cylinder heat loss which needs to be considered.

Keywords

Diesel Particulate Filter, Active Regeneration, Thermal Management, Exhaust Temperature, Waste-gate Valve Opening

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