Experimental Combustion Analysis of a Small Size Diesel Engine Fueled With Tire Derived Fuel/Diesel Fuel Blends

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 284 - 293, 03.10.2022

Oğuzhan Doğan , Mustafa Aydın

https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1166994

Abstract

This study aims to analyse the detailed combustion characteristics of tire derived fuel blends (TDF) in small-size DI diesel engines. From this point of view, the refined TDF and reference diesel fuel (No.2 Diesel) were blended in various percentages and tested in a single cylinder naturally aspirated DI diesel engine to clarify its detailed combustion characteristics. The experimental test results point out that ignition delay period is ob-served to be 4.32 CAD (No.2 Diesel fuel), 5.57 CAD (TDF20), 6.56 CAD (TDF40), 8.48 CAD (TDF60), 11.09 CAD (TDF80), and 14.26 CAD (TDF100) for the low engine speeds (1400 rpm). With the increasing TDF in fuel blends and engine speed, the ignition delay period prolongs more, and the total combustion duration shortens. However, due to the excessively long ignition delay period of TDF100, it is not possible to run the test engine at more than 3000 rpm. TDF blends usually demonstrate a longer premixed combustion period than that of No.2 Diesel, while it exhibits a shorter diffusive combustion period. TDF blends also display a higher maximum value of heat release rate (HRRmax), a higher peak value of in-cylinder pressure (Pmax) and a higher rate of pressure rise (dP/dCAD). In addition, combustion events occur late, and the center of combustion moves away from the top dead center into expansion stroke in the case of TDF blends.

Keywords

Pyrolytic fuel, Diesel fuel, Combustion analysis

Supporting Institution

Karabuk University Scientific Research Projects

Project Number

10D4571601

Thanks

This study was supported by EN-TEK Tire Recycling Company and Karabuk University Scientific Research Projects in frame of the project code of 10D4571601. Authors thank the EN-TEK Tire Recycling Company and Karabuk University.

References

• [1] Scrap tire markets in the United States, 9th biennial report, Rubber Manufacturers Association, May 2009. http://www.rma.org/scrap_tires/, (accessed April 9, 2011).
• [2] Kar Y. Catalytic pyrolysis of car tire waste using expanded perlite. Waste Management 2011;31:1772–1782.
• [3] Diez C, Martinez O, Calvo LF, Cara J, Moran A. Pyrolysis of tyres. Influence of the final temperature of the process on emissions and the calorific value of the products recovered. Waste Management 2004;24:463-469.
• [4] Laresgoiti MF, Caballero BM, Marco ID, Torres A, Cabrero MA, Chomón MJ. Characterization of the liquid products ob-tained in tyre pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 2004;71:917–934.
• [5] Ucar S, Karagoz S, Ozkan AR, Yanik J. Evaluation of two different scrap tires as hydrocarbon source by pyrolysis. Fuel 2005;84:1884–1892.
• [6] Ucar S, Karagoz S, Yanik J, Saglam M, Yuksel M. Copyroly-sis of scrap tires with waste lubricant oil. Fuel Processing Technology 2005;87:53–58.
• [7] Rodriguez IM, Laresgoiti MF, Cabrero MA, Torres A, Cho-mon MJ, Caballero BM. Pyrolysis of scrap tyres. Fuel Pro-cessing Technology 2001;72:9–22.
• [8] Gonzalez JF, Encinar JM, Canito JL, Rodriguez JJ. Pyrolysis of automobile tyre waste. Influence of operating variables and kinetics study. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyroly-sis 2001;58–59:667–683
• [9] Pakdel H, Pantea DM, Roy C. Production of dl-limonene by vacuum pyrolysis of used tires. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 2001;57:91–107.
• [10] Kennedy ZR, Rathinaraj D. Exhaust emissions and perfor-mance of diesel engine fuelled with tire based oil blends. Journal of the Institution of Engineers 2007;88:13–18.
• [11] Murugan S, Ramaswamy MC, Nagarajan G. A comparative study on the performance, emission and combustion studies of a DI diesel engine using distilled tyre pyrolysis oil–diesel blends. Fuel 2008;87:2111–2121.
• [12] Murugan S, Ramaswamy MC, Nagarajan G. Performance, emission and combustion studies of a DI diesel engine using distilled tyre pyrolysis oil-diesel blends. Fuel Processing Technology 2008;89:152–159.
• [13] Murugan S, Ramaswamy MC, Nagarajan G. The use of tyre pyrolysis oil in diesel engines. Waste Management 2008;28:2743–2749.
• [14] Murugan S, Ramaswamy MC, Nagarajan G. Influence of dis-tillation on performance, emission, and combustion of a DI diesel engine using tyre pyrolysis oil diesel blends. Thermal Science 2008;12:157–167.
• [15] Murugan S, Ramaswamy MC, Nagarajan G. Assessment of pyrolysis oil as an energy source for diesel engines. Fuel Pro-cessing Technology 2009;90:67–74.
• [16] Doğan O, Özdalyan B, Dörtbölük C, Candan Ş, Candan E, The effect of scrap tyre fuel on diesel engine performance and emissions. 5th. International Advanced Technologies Symposium-IATS’09, May 13-15, 2009, Karabuk, Turkey. (In Turkish).
• [17] İlkılıç C, Aydın H. Fuel production from waste vehicle tires by catalytic pyrolysis and its application in a diesel engine. Fuel Processing Technology 2011;92:1129–1135.
• [18] Doğan O, Çelik M. B, Özdalyan B. The effect of tire derived fuel/diesel fuel blends utilization on diesel engine perfor-mance and emissions. Fuel 2012;95:340–346.
• [19] Fernandes G., Fuschetto J., Filipi Z., Assanis D., McKee H. Impact of military JP-8 fuel on heavy-duty diesel engine per-formance and emissions. Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D-journal of Automobile Engi-neering, 2007, 221 (8):957-970.
• [20] Huang Z., Lu H., Jian D., Zeng K., Liu B., Zhang J., WangX., Combustion behaviors of a compression-ignition engine fuelled with diesel/methanol blends under various fuel deliv-ery advance angles. Bioresource Technology, 2004, 95 (3): 331–341.
• [21] Huang Y., Zhou L., Pan K. Combustion characteristics of a direct-injection diesel engine fueled with Fischer-Tropsch diesel. Frontiers Energy Power Engineering in China, 2007, 1 (2): 239–244.
• [22] Ma Z., Huang Z., Li, C., Wang X., Miao H. Combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with die-sel–propane blends. Fuel 2008, 87 (8-9): 1711-1717.
• [23] Alseda D., Montagne X., Dagaut P., Homogeneous charge compression ignition: formulation effect of a diesel fuel on the initiation and the combustion potential of olefin impact in a diesel base fuel. Oil&Gas Science and Technology 2008, 63 (4):419-432. Doi: 10.2516/ogst:2008010
• [24] Heck S. M., Spontaneous ignition of hydrocarbons, PhD The-sis, York University Graduate Program in Chemistry, Ontario, March 1998, pp: 3.
• [25] Yang C., Kidoguchi Y., Kato R., and Miwa K., Effects of fuel properties on combustion and emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine. Bulletin of the M.E.S.J. 2000, 28 (2): 55-62.
• [26] Kidoguchi Y, Yang C, and Kato R. Effects of fuel cetane number and aromatics on combustion process and emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine. JSAE Review 2000, 21(4): 469–475
• [27] İçingür Y., Altıparmak D., Experimental analysis of the effects of fuel injection pressure and fuel cetane number on direct injection diesel engine emissions. Turkish J. Eng. Env. Sci. 2003, 27(5): 291-298.
• [28] Heywood J. B. Internal combustion engine fundamentals. New York: McGraw Hill; 1988. p. 491–514, 676–682.
• [29] Gogoi T. K., Baruah D. C. The use of koroch seed oil methyl ester blends as fuel in a diesel engine. Applied Energy, 2011, 88: 2713–2725.
• [30] Rao G.L.N.,. Prasad B.D, Sampath S., Rajagopal K. Combus-tion Analysis of Diesel Engine Fueled with Jatropha Oil Me-thyl Ester - Diesel Blends. International Journal of Green En-ergy, 2007, 4 (6): 645-658. Doi: 10.1080/15435070701665446.
• [31] Lyn W. and Valdmanis E. The effects of physical factors on ignition delay. SAE Technical Paper 680102, 1968, doi:10.4271/680102.
• [32] Qi D.H., Chen H., Geng L.M., Bian Y.ZH., Ren X.CH. Performance and combustion characteristics of biodiesel–diesel–methanol blend fuelled engine. Applied Energy, 2010, 87 (5):1679–1686.
• [33] Zhu R., Cheung C. S., Huang Z. Particulate emission charac-teristics of a compression ignition engine fueled with diesel–DMC blends. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2011, 45 (2): 137–147
• [34] Li W., Ren Y., Wang X-B., Miao H., Jiang D-M., Huang Z-H. Combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with diesel-ethanol blends. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2008, 222 (2): 265-274.
• [35] Huang Z. H., Wang H. W., Chen H. Y., Zhou L. B., Jiang, D. M. Study of combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with dimethyl ether. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 1999, 213 (6): 647-652.
• [36] Kumar M. S., Kerihuel A., Bellettre J., Tazerout M. A comparative study of different methods of using animal fat as a fuel in a compression ignition engine. J. of Eng. for Gas Tur-bines and Power, 2006, 128 (4): 907–914.
• [37] Ren Y., Huang Z., Miao H., Jiang D., Zeng K., Liu B., Wang X. Combustion and emission characteristics of a direct-injection diesel engine fueled with diesel-diethyl adipate blends. Energy & Fuels, 2007, 21 (3): 1474-1482.
• [38] Venkanna B. K., Venkataramana R. C., Wadawadagi S. B. Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of direct injection diesel engine running on rice bran oil/diesel fuel blend. International Journal of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 2009, 2 (3):131-137.
• [39] Anand K., Sharma R. P., Mehta P. S. Experimental investiga-tions on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of a neat biodiesel-fuelled, turbocharged, direct injec-tion diesel engine. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2010, 224 (5): 661-679.
• [40] Lejda K., Wos P. Fuel injection in automotive engineering. InTech, Croatia, 2012, Page: 1-32