0/1 and 3 - dimensional cold flow analysis of a diesel engine: A case study

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 142 - 149, 31.03.2024

Gonca Kethudaoglu , Fatih Aktaş , Salih Karaaslan , Nureddin Dinler

https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1384376

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Gas motion in the engine cylinder plays a critical role in diesel engines' air-fuel mixing and combustion processes. Moreover, it influences the engine's performance, emissions, and heat transfer. The intake air motion regulates the main phases of the flow in the cylinder, which is characterized by swirl, squish, and turbulence. Inducing swirl and tumble in the intake process provides high turbulence levels at ignition, resulting in more effective flame speeds and better combustion for lean air-fuel ratios or with EGR. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software is used to enhance in-cylinder flow characteristics. In this study, a cold flow simulation of a naturally aspirated, direct injection diesel engine was conducted with different piston bowls using AVL Fire M R2022.2. Swirl, tumble, and TKE parameters were investigated to make a detailed analysis of the in-cylinder flow for the relevant engine. Contrary to the expectation, the swirl ratio for the Piston B configuration is less than that for the original piston configuration. It causes a decrement of swirl ratio compared to the initial piston geometry and the maximum decrement is about 19%. In both cases, the second peak of TKE corresponding to the reverse-squish is around at the -30 CA and the difference between the curves is about ±8%.

Keywords

CFD simulation, cold flow, diesel engine, swirl, tumble

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

122M511

Thanks

This study was supported by TUBITAK/TURKEY in frame of the project code of 122M511 as researchers, we thank the TUBITAK/TURKEY. We would like to express our gratitude to AVL LIST GmbH for providing AVL Boost and FIRE software as part of the University Partnership Program.

References

• [1] Heywood JB. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals. 2nd Edition. McGraw Hill, 2018.
• [2] Monaghan ML, Pettifer HF. Air motion and its effect on diesel performance and emissions. SAE Technical Papers, 1981. https://doi.org/10.4271/810255.
• [3] Karami R, Rasul MG, Khan MMK, Mahdi Salahi M. Experi-mental and computational analysis of combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with diesel-tomato seed oil biodiesel blends. Fuel 2021;285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119243.
• [4] Mittal G, Gwalwanshi M. Influence of reentrant piston bowl ge-ometry on combustion in CI engine. Mater Today Proc, vol. 46, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.098.
• [5] Mittal G, Subhash M, Gwalwanshi M. Effect of initial turbulence on combustion with ECFM-3Z model in a CI engine. Mater To-day Proc, vol. 46, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.097.
• [6] Hassan NMS, Rasul MG, Harch CA. Modelling and experi-mental investigation of engine performance and emissions fuelled with biodiesel produced from Australian Beauty Leaf Tree. Fuel 2015; 150:625–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2015.02.016.
• [7] Soni DK, Gupta R. Numerical analysis of flow dynamics for two piston bowl designs at different spray angles. J Clean Prod 2017; 149:723–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2017.02.1 42.
• [8] Lumley JL. Engines: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press; 1999. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139175135.
• [9] Prasad BVVSU, Sharma CS, Anand TNC, Ravikrishna R V. High swirl-inducing piston bowls in small diesel engines for emission reduction. Appl Energy 2011;88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.068.
• [10] Chraniotis A, Tourlidakis A, Tsiogkas VD, Chraniotis A, Ko-lokotronis D. Cold Flow Measurement in Optical Inter-nal Combustion Engine using PIV. 13th International Symposium on Particle Image Velocimetry – ISPIV 2019, 2019, München, Germany.
• [11] KIYAKLI AO, SOLMAZ H. Modeling of an Electric Vehicle with MATLAB/Simulink. I Int J Automot Sci Technol. 2018;2. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..475477
• [12] Polat S, Yücesu HS, Kannan K, Uyumaz A, Solmaz H. Experi-mental comparison of different injection timings in an HCCI en-gine fueled with n-heptane Int J Automot Sci Technol.2017;1.
• [13] Haidar F. Integrated Vehicle Dynamics Modeling, Path Tracking, and Simulation: A MATLAB Implementation Approach. Engi-neering Perspective 2024;1:7–16.
• [14] Shafie NAM, Said MFM. Cold flow analysis on internal com-bustion engine with different piston bowl configurations. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 2017;12.
• [15] Hamid MF, Idroas MY, Sa’ad S, Saiful Bahri AJ, Sharzali CM, Abdullah MK, et al. Numerical investigation of in-cylinder air flow characteristic improvement for Emulsified biofuel (EB) ap-plication. Renew Energy 2018;127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.04.006.
• [16] Azad AK, Halder P, Nanthagopal K, Ashok B. Investigation of diesel engine in cylinder flow phenomena using CFD cold flow simulation. Advanced Biofuels: Applications, Technologies and Environmental Sustainability, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102791-2.00013-1.
• [17] Prakash Varma PS, Subbaiah KV. CFD Analysis of piston bowls geometry for CI direct injection engine using finite element analysis. Int J Nonlinear Anal Appl 2022;13.
• [18] Kavruk KÖ. Antor 3ld 510 Dizel Motorunda Mr–1 Yanma Odası Kullanımının Silindir İçi Parametrelere ve Performansa Etkilerinin İncelenmesi[Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul Teknik Ün-iversitesi, 2008.
• [19] Abdelrazek MK, Abdelaal MM, El-Nahas AM. Piston bowl shape and biodiesel fuel effects on combustion and emission of diesel engines. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 2022;69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s44147-022-00158-5.
• [20] Zhang L, Ueda T, Takatsuki T, Yokota K. A study of the effects of chamber geometries on flame behavior in a di diesel engine. SAE Technical Papers, 1995. https://doi.org/10.4271/952515.
• [21] Kethudaoglu G, Aktaş F, Karaaslan S, Polat S, Dinler N. Inves-tigation of conversion of a diesel engine to homogeneous charge compression ignition engine using n-heptane: A zero-dimensional modeling. International Journal of Energy Studies. Int J of En-ergy Studies 2023; 8:3 535 - 556. https://doi.org/10.58559/IJES.1325924.
• [22] Aydin S, Sayin C. Impact of thermal barrier coating application on the combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel-diesel blends. Fuel 2014;136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.07.074.
• [23] Selman Aydın. Yanma Odası Yüzeyleri ZrO2, MgO VE Al2O3[ Doctoral Thesis]. Marmara University, 2014.
• [24] Aktas F. A 0/1-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Perfor-mance and Emission Characteristics of the Conversion of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine to Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engine. Int J Automot Sci Technol. 2022;6. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..980338
• [25] Stephenson PW, Rutland CJ. Modeling the effects of intake flow characteristics on diesel engine combustion. SAE Technical Pa-pers, 1995. https://doi.org/10.4271/950282.
• [26] Karahan Ş. Biodiesel ile çalışan diesel motorunda ECFM-3Z (extended coherent flame model- 3 zones) modelinin performans ve emisyon simülasyonuna yaklaşımı [Doctoral Thesis]. Yıldız Teknik University, 2011.
• [27] Crnojevic C, Decool F, Florent P. Swirl measurements in a mo-tor cylinder. Exp Fluids 1999;26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003480050321.
• [28] Pulkrabek WW. Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Com-bustion Engine, 2nd Ed. J Eng Gas Turbine Power 2004;126. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1669459.