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Year 2013, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 137 - 145, 04.06.2015

Hasan Erdogan , Ersin Fadıllıoğlu , Memet Emre

Abstract

Local endocrine factors (autacoids, paracrine agents), which are secreted from vessel’s endothelium, provide to arrange of vascular tonus. Some of these factors cause vessel relaxation (vasodilator) such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin-I2 (PGI2); some others cause vessel spasm (vasoconstrictor) such as endothelin (ET)-1 and angiothensin-II. Described in 1988 by Yanagisawa and at al., ET-1 synthesized in vessel endothelium; with its long lasting effect and slow releasing, it is presently one of the strongest vasoconstrictor agents contrary to NO. ET, derived from vessel endothelium is ubiquitous peptide, acts as promitogens and plays an important role during embryonic development. Existence of three distinct genes for ET has been determined which are called ET-1, ET-2, ET-3 and encodes three distinct peptides. However, ET-1 is the isopeptide which is found in greatest concentration in the blood and mainly synthesized by the human endothelium. All three ET isoforms include four cysteine residues, which connect to disulphide bonding (Cys1-Cys15; Cys3-Cys11). ET-1, which has twenty-one amino acids residue, realizes biological effects via cell surface ETA and ETB reseptors, which are 7-transmembrane receptors coupled to G-proteins. ET receptor antagonists submit a new therapeutic area for serious diseases such as congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, arterial hypertension, prostate hypertrophy, prostate cancers, preeclampsia, atherosclerosis and renal failure

Keywords

Endothelins endothelin-1 endothelin receptor antagonists autacoids

References

  • Goto K. Pulmonary actions of endothelins-history of endothelin. Birkhauser Verlag Basel. Switzerland. 1999;1:1-20
  • Moncada S, Gryglewski R, Bunting S, Vane JR. An from prostaglandin endoperoxides to an unstable substance that 1976;263:663-665 arteries transforms inhibits platelet aggregation. Nature.
  • Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV. The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature. 1980;288:373-376
  • Hickey KA, Rubanyi G, Paul RJ, Highsmith RF. a Characterization produced by cultured endothelial cells. The American journal of physiology. 1985;248:C550-556 coronary vasoconstrictor
  • Masaki T. The discovery of endothelins. . Cardivas Res. 1998;39:530-533
  • Rubanyi GM, Polokoff MA. Endothelins: Molecular biology, biochemistry, pharmacology, physiology, and pathophysiology. Pharmacol Rev. 1994;46:325-415
  • Yanagisawa M, Kurihara H, Kimura S, Tomobe Y, Kobayashi M, Mitsui Y, Yazaki Y, Goto K, Masaki T. A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature. 1988;332:411-415
  • Ortega Mateo A, de Artinano AA. Highlights on endothelins: A review. Pharmacological research : the official journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society. 1997;36:339-351
  • Rossi GP, Seccia TM, Albertin G, Pessina AC. Measurement of endothelin: Clinical and research use. Ann Clin Biochem. 2000;37 ( Pt 5):608-626
  • Goto K. Basic and therapeutic relevance of endothelin- mediated regulation. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001;24:1219- 1230
  • D'Orleans-Juste P, Labonte J, Bkaily G, Choufani S, Plante M, Honore JC. Function of the endothelin(b) receptor in pathophysiology. Pharmacol Ther. 2002;95:221-238
  • Benigni A, Remuzzi G. Endothelin antagonists. Lancet. physiology and 1999;353:133-138
  • Warren R, Liu G. Zd4054: A specific endothelin a with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert opinion on investigational drugs. 2008;17:1237-1245 promising activity in the biochemistry, and behavior. 1999;64:171-176 administration rats. Pharmacology, in conscious
  • Bouallegue A, Daou GB, Srivastava AK. Endothelin-1- induced signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells. Current vascular pharmacology. 2007;5:45-52
  • Zhang YM, Wang KQ, Zhou GM, Zuo J, Ge JB. Endothelin-1 promoted proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell through pathway of extracellular signal- regulated kinase and cyclin d1. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2003;24:563-568
  • Maeda S, Tanabe T, Miyauchi T, Otsuki T, Sugawara J, Iemitsu M, Kuno S, Ajisaka R, Yamaguchi I, Matsuda M. Aerobic exercise training reduces plasma endothelin-1 concentration in older women. J Appl Physiol. 2003;95:336-341
  • Morganti A, Marana I, Airoldi F, Alberti C, Nador B, Palatresi S. Plasma endothelin levels: A meaningless number? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2000;35:S21-23
  • Fukuroda T, Fujikawa T, Ozaki S, Ishikawa K, Yano M, Nishikibe M. Clearance of circulating endothelin-1 by etb receptors in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994;199:1461-1465
  • Eberl LP, Egidy G, Pinet F, Juillerat-Jeanneret L. Endothelin receptor blockade potentiates fasl-induced apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells via the protein kinase 2000;36:S354-356 Cardiovasc Pharmacol.
  • Gulati A, Srimal, R.C. . Endothelin mechanisms in the central nervous system: A target for drug development. Drug Dev Res 2004;26:361-387
  • Ray A, Hegde LG, Chugh A, Gupta JB. Endothelin- receptor antagonists: Current and future perspectives. Drug discovery today. 2000;5:455-464
  • Growcott JW. Preclinical anticancer activity of the specific endothelin a receptor antagonist zd4054. Anticancer Drugs. 2009;20:83-88
  • Wu C. Recent discovery and development of endothelin receptor antagonists. Exp Opin Ther Patents. 2000;10:1653-1668
  • Ohkita M, Takaoka M, Matsumura Y. Drug discovery for overcoming chronic kidney disease (ckd): The endothelin et b receptor/nitric oxide system functions as a protective factor in ckd. J Pharmacol Sci. 2009;109:7-13
  • Lahav R, Heffner G, Patterson PH. An endothelin receptor b antagonist inhibits growth and induces cell death in human melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96:11496-11500
  • Koyama Y, Takemura M, Fujiki K, Ishikawa N, Shigenaga Y, Baba A. Bq788, an endothelin et(b) receptor antagonist, attenuates stab wound injury- induced reactive astrocytes in rat brain. Glia. 1999;26:268-271
  • Hunley TE, Kon V. Update on endothelins - biology implications. and 2001;16:752-762 Pediatr Nephrol.
  • Schiffrin EL. Endothelin: Potential role in hypertension and 1995;25:1135-1143 Hypertension.
  • Xu CB, Sun Y, Edvinsson L. Cardiovascular risk factors regulate the expression of vascular endothelin receptors. Pharmacol Ther. 2010;127:148-155
  • Kalani M. The importance of endothelin-1 for microvascular dysfunction in diabetes. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008;4:1061-1068
  • Adamiec-Mroczek J, Oficjalska-Mlynczak J, Misiuk- Hojlo M. Roles of endothelin-1 and selected proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Analysis of vitreous samples. Cytokine. 2010;49:269-274
  • Rodeheffer RJ, Lerman A, Heublein DM, Burnett JC, Jr. Increased plasma concentrations of endothelin in congestive heart failure in humans. Mayo Clin Proc. 1992;67:719-724
  • Schumacher WA, Steinbacher TE, Allen GT, Ogletree ML. Role of thromboxane receptor activation in the bronchospastic Prostaglandins. 1990;40:71-79 to endothelin.
  • Giaid A, Yanagisawa M, Langleben D, Michel RP, Levy R, Shennib H, Kimura S, Masaki T, Duguid WP, Stewart DJ. Expression of endothelin-1 in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1732-1739
  • Ohkita M, Tawa M, Kitada K, Matsumura Y. Pathophysiological roles of endothelin receptors in cardiovascular diseases. Journal of pharmacological sciences. 2012;119:302-313
  • Liu C, Chen J, Gao Y, Deng B, Liu K. Endothelin receptor hypertension. 2013;2:CD004434 pulmonary arterial Rev. Cochrane Database Syst
  • Kaasjager KA, Shaw S, Koomans HA, Rabelink TJ. Role of endothelin receptor subtypes in the systemic and renal responses to endothelin-1 in humans. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1997;8:32-39
  • Takahashi K, Totsune K, Mouri T. Endothelin in chronic renal failure. Nephron. 1994;66:373-379
  • Macrae IM, Robinson MJ, Graham DI, Reid JL, McCulloch J. Endothelin-1-induced reductions in cerebral blood flow: Dose dependency, time course, and neuropathological consequences. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1993;13:276-284
  • Swigris JJ, Brown KK. The role of endothelin-1 in the idiopathic pathogenesis BioDrugs. 2010;24:49-54 pulmonary fibrosis.
  • Uguccioni M, Pulsatelli L, Grigolo B, Facchini A, Fasano L, Cinti C, Fabbri M, Gasbarrini G, Meliconi R. Endothelin-1 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Pathol. 1995;48:330-334
  • Schroll S, Arzt M, Sebah D, Nuchterlein M, Blumberg F, Pfeifer M. Improvement of bleomycin-induced pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary fibrosis by the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2010;170:32-36
  • Knoll T, Schult S, Birck R, Braun C, Michel MS, Bross S, Juenemann KP, Kirchengast M, Rohmeiss P. Therapeutic administration of an endothelin-a receptor antagonist after acute ischemic renal failure dose- dependently improves recovery of renal function. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2001;37:483-488
  • Ahlborg G, Lundberg JM. Nitric oxide-endothelin-1 interaction in humans. J Appl Physiol. 1997;82:1593- 1600
  • Gourine AV, Gonon AT, Pernow J. Involvement of nitric oxide in cardioprotective effect of endothelin receptor antagonist during ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001;280:H1105-1112
  • Gonon AT, Gourine AV, Pernow J. Cardioprotection from ischemia and reperfusion injury by an endothelin a-receptor antagonist in relation to nitric oxide production. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2000;36:405-412
  • Erdogan H, Fadillioglu E, Emre MH. Protection from renal ischemia reperfusion injury by an endothelin-a receptor antagonist bq-123 in relation to nitric oxide production. Toxicology. 2006;228:219-228
  • Emre MH, Erdogan H, Fadillioglu E. Effect of bq-123 and nitric oxide inhibition on liver in rats after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2006;25:195-206

Endotelinler: Vazoaktif Peptidler

Year 2013, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 137 - 145, 04.06.2015

Hasan Erdogan , Ersin Fadıllıoğlu , Memet Emre

Abstract

Damar endotelyumundan salgılanan lokal hormonal
faktörler (otokoidler, parakrin ajanlar) damar tonusunun
düzenlenmesini sağlarlar. Bu faktörlerden nitrik oksit (NO),
prostaglandin-I2 (PGI2) gibi bir kısmı damar gevşetici
(vazodilatatör) olarak düzenleme yapar, endotelin (ET)–1,
anjiotensin-II gibi diğer bir kısmı da damar büzücü
(vazokonstriktör) olarak işlev görür. Yanagisawa ve ark.
tarafından 1988 yılında tanımlanan, damar
endotelyumundan sentezlenen ET–1; NO’nun aksine, uzun
etki süresi ve yavaş salınımı ile, bilinen en güçlü
vazokonstriktör ajanlardan biridir. Damar
endotelyumundan kaynaklanan ET insan vücudunda
hemen her yerde bulunur, promitojen olarak etki eder ve
embriyonik gelişimde önemli bir rol oynar. ET için üç ayrı
peptidi kodlayan ve ET–1, ET–2, ET–3 olarak adlandırılan
üç farklı genin varlığı saptanmıştır. Ancak kanda en yüksek
konsantrasyonda bulunan ve insan endotelyumu
tarafından başlıca sentezlenen izopeptid ET-1’dir. Her üç
ET isoformu, aralarında disülfit bağının yer aldığı (Cys1
- Cys15; Cys3 -Cys11) dört sistein rezidüsü içerir. Yirmi bir
amino asit rezidüsüne sahip ET-1, biyolojik etkilerini G
proteinine bağlı zarı 7 defa geçen ETA ve ETB reseptörleri
aracılığıyla gerçekleştirir. ET reseptör antagonistleri
konjestif kalp yetmezliği, pulmoner hipertansiyon, arteryel
hipertansiyon, prostat hipertrofisi, prostat kanserleri,
preeklamsi, ateroskleroz ve böbrek yetmezliği gibi ciddi
hastalıklar için yeni bir tedavi edici saha sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Endotelin endotelin–1 endotelin reseptör antagonistleri otakoidler

References

  • Goto K. Pulmonary actions of endothelins-history of endothelin. Birkhauser Verlag Basel. Switzerland. 1999;1:1-20
  • Moncada S, Gryglewski R, Bunting S, Vane JR. An from prostaglandin endoperoxides to an unstable substance that 1976;263:663-665 arteries transforms inhibits platelet aggregation. Nature.
  • Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV. The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature. 1980;288:373-376
  • Hickey KA, Rubanyi G, Paul RJ, Highsmith RF. a Characterization produced by cultured endothelial cells. The American journal of physiology. 1985;248:C550-556 coronary vasoconstrictor
  • Masaki T. The discovery of endothelins. . Cardivas Res. 1998;39:530-533
  • Rubanyi GM, Polokoff MA. Endothelins: Molecular biology, biochemistry, pharmacology, physiology, and pathophysiology. Pharmacol Rev. 1994;46:325-415
  • Yanagisawa M, Kurihara H, Kimura S, Tomobe Y, Kobayashi M, Mitsui Y, Yazaki Y, Goto K, Masaki T. A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature. 1988;332:411-415
  • Ortega Mateo A, de Artinano AA. Highlights on endothelins: A review. Pharmacological research : the official journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society. 1997;36:339-351
  • Rossi GP, Seccia TM, Albertin G, Pessina AC. Measurement of endothelin: Clinical and research use. Ann Clin Biochem. 2000;37 ( Pt 5):608-626
  • Goto K. Basic and therapeutic relevance of endothelin- mediated regulation. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001;24:1219- 1230
  • D'Orleans-Juste P, Labonte J, Bkaily G, Choufani S, Plante M, Honore JC. Function of the endothelin(b) receptor in pathophysiology. Pharmacol Ther. 2002;95:221-238
  • Benigni A, Remuzzi G. Endothelin antagonists. Lancet. physiology and 1999;353:133-138
  • Warren R, Liu G. Zd4054: A specific endothelin a with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert opinion on investigational drugs. 2008;17:1237-1245 promising activity in the biochemistry, and behavior. 1999;64:171-176 administration rats. Pharmacology, in conscious
  • Bouallegue A, Daou GB, Srivastava AK. Endothelin-1- induced signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells. Current vascular pharmacology. 2007;5:45-52
  • Zhang YM, Wang KQ, Zhou GM, Zuo J, Ge JB. Endothelin-1 promoted proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell through pathway of extracellular signal- regulated kinase and cyclin d1. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2003;24:563-568
  • Maeda S, Tanabe T, Miyauchi T, Otsuki T, Sugawara J, Iemitsu M, Kuno S, Ajisaka R, Yamaguchi I, Matsuda M. Aerobic exercise training reduces plasma endothelin-1 concentration in older women. J Appl Physiol. 2003;95:336-341
  • Morganti A, Marana I, Airoldi F, Alberti C, Nador B, Palatresi S. Plasma endothelin levels: A meaningless number? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2000;35:S21-23
  • Fukuroda T, Fujikawa T, Ozaki S, Ishikawa K, Yano M, Nishikibe M. Clearance of circulating endothelin-1 by etb receptors in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994;199:1461-1465
  • Eberl LP, Egidy G, Pinet F, Juillerat-Jeanneret L. Endothelin receptor blockade potentiates fasl-induced apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells via the protein kinase 2000;36:S354-356 Cardiovasc Pharmacol.
  • Gulati A, Srimal, R.C. . Endothelin mechanisms in the central nervous system: A target for drug development. Drug Dev Res 2004;26:361-387
  • Ray A, Hegde LG, Chugh A, Gupta JB. Endothelin- receptor antagonists: Current and future perspectives. Drug discovery today. 2000;5:455-464
  • Growcott JW. Preclinical anticancer activity of the specific endothelin a receptor antagonist zd4054. Anticancer Drugs. 2009;20:83-88
  • Wu C. Recent discovery and development of endothelin receptor antagonists. Exp Opin Ther Patents. 2000;10:1653-1668
  • Ohkita M, Takaoka M, Matsumura Y. Drug discovery for overcoming chronic kidney disease (ckd): The endothelin et b receptor/nitric oxide system functions as a protective factor in ckd. J Pharmacol Sci. 2009;109:7-13
  • Lahav R, Heffner G, Patterson PH. An endothelin receptor b antagonist inhibits growth and induces cell death in human melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96:11496-11500
  • Koyama Y, Takemura M, Fujiki K, Ishikawa N, Shigenaga Y, Baba A. Bq788, an endothelin et(b) receptor antagonist, attenuates stab wound injury- induced reactive astrocytes in rat brain. Glia. 1999;26:268-271
  • Hunley TE, Kon V. Update on endothelins - biology implications. and 2001;16:752-762 Pediatr Nephrol.
  • Schiffrin EL. Endothelin: Potential role in hypertension and 1995;25:1135-1143 Hypertension.
  • Xu CB, Sun Y, Edvinsson L. Cardiovascular risk factors regulate the expression of vascular endothelin receptors. Pharmacol Ther. 2010;127:148-155
  • Kalani M. The importance of endothelin-1 for microvascular dysfunction in diabetes. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008;4:1061-1068
  • Adamiec-Mroczek J, Oficjalska-Mlynczak J, Misiuk- Hojlo M. Roles of endothelin-1 and selected proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Analysis of vitreous samples. Cytokine. 2010;49:269-274
  • Rodeheffer RJ, Lerman A, Heublein DM, Burnett JC, Jr. Increased plasma concentrations of endothelin in congestive heart failure in humans. Mayo Clin Proc. 1992;67:719-724
  • Schumacher WA, Steinbacher TE, Allen GT, Ogletree ML. Role of thromboxane receptor activation in the bronchospastic Prostaglandins. 1990;40:71-79 to endothelin.
  • Giaid A, Yanagisawa M, Langleben D, Michel RP, Levy R, Shennib H, Kimura S, Masaki T, Duguid WP, Stewart DJ. Expression of endothelin-1 in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1732-1739
  • Ohkita M, Tawa M, Kitada K, Matsumura Y. Pathophysiological roles of endothelin receptors in cardiovascular diseases. Journal of pharmacological sciences. 2012;119:302-313
  • Liu C, Chen J, Gao Y, Deng B, Liu K. Endothelin receptor hypertension. 2013;2:CD004434 pulmonary arterial Rev. Cochrane Database Syst
  • Kaasjager KA, Shaw S, Koomans HA, Rabelink TJ. Role of endothelin receptor subtypes in the systemic and renal responses to endothelin-1 in humans. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1997;8:32-39
  • Takahashi K, Totsune K, Mouri T. Endothelin in chronic renal failure. Nephron. 1994;66:373-379
  • Macrae IM, Robinson MJ, Graham DI, Reid JL, McCulloch J. Endothelin-1-induced reductions in cerebral blood flow: Dose dependency, time course, and neuropathological consequences. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1993;13:276-284
  • Swigris JJ, Brown KK. The role of endothelin-1 in the idiopathic pathogenesis BioDrugs. 2010;24:49-54 pulmonary fibrosis.
  • Uguccioni M, Pulsatelli L, Grigolo B, Facchini A, Fasano L, Cinti C, Fabbri M, Gasbarrini G, Meliconi R. Endothelin-1 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Pathol. 1995;48:330-334
  • Schroll S, Arzt M, Sebah D, Nuchterlein M, Blumberg F, Pfeifer M. Improvement of bleomycin-induced pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary fibrosis by the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2010;170:32-36
  • Knoll T, Schult S, Birck R, Braun C, Michel MS, Bross S, Juenemann KP, Kirchengast M, Rohmeiss P. Therapeutic administration of an endothelin-a receptor antagonist after acute ischemic renal failure dose- dependently improves recovery of renal function. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2001;37:483-488
  • Ahlborg G, Lundberg JM. Nitric oxide-endothelin-1 interaction in humans. J Appl Physiol. 1997;82:1593- 1600
  • Gourine AV, Gonon AT, Pernow J. Involvement of nitric oxide in cardioprotective effect of endothelin receptor antagonist during ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001;280:H1105-1112
  • Gonon AT, Gourine AV, Pernow J. Cardioprotection from ischemia and reperfusion injury by an endothelin a-receptor antagonist in relation to nitric oxide production. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2000;36:405-412
  • Erdogan H, Fadillioglu E, Emre MH. Protection from renal ischemia reperfusion injury by an endothelin-a receptor antagonist bq-123 in relation to nitric oxide production. Toxicology. 2006;228:219-228
  • Emre MH, Erdogan H, Fadillioglu E. Effect of bq-123 and nitric oxide inhibition on liver in rats after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2006;25:195-206
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Hasan Erdogan

Ersin Fadıllıoğlu

Memet Emre This is me

Publication Date June 4, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Erdogan, H., Fadıllıoğlu, E., & Emre, M. (2015). Endotelinler: Vazoaktif Peptidler. International Journal of Basic and Clinical Medicine, 1(2), 137-145.
AMA Erdogan H, Fadıllıoğlu E, Emre M. Endotelinler: Vazoaktif Peptidler. International Journal of Basic and Clinical Medicine. June 2015;1(2):137-145.
Chicago Erdogan, Hasan, Ersin Fadıllıoğlu, and Memet Emre. “Endotelinler: Vazoaktif Peptidler”. International Journal of Basic and Clinical Medicine 1, no. 2 (June 2015): 137-45.
EndNote Erdogan H, Fadıllıoğlu E, Emre M (June 1, 2015) Endotelinler: Vazoaktif Peptidler. International Journal of Basic and Clinical Medicine 1 2 137–145.
IEEE H. Erdogan, E. Fadıllıoğlu, and M. Emre, “Endotelinler: Vazoaktif Peptidler”, International Journal of Basic and Clinical Medicine, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 137–145, 2015.
ISNAD Erdogan, Hasan et al. “Endotelinler: Vazoaktif Peptidler”. International Journal of Basic and Clinical Medicine 1/2 (June 2015), 137-145.
JAMA Erdogan H, Fadıllıoğlu E, Emre M. Endotelinler: Vazoaktif Peptidler. International Journal of Basic and Clinical Medicine. 2015;1:137–145.
MLA Erdogan, Hasan et al. “Endotelinler: Vazoaktif Peptidler”. International Journal of Basic and Clinical Medicine, vol. 1, no. 2, 2015, pp. 137-45.
Vancouver Erdogan H, Fadıllıoğlu E, Emre M. Endotelinler: Vazoaktif Peptidler. International Journal of Basic and Clinical Medicine. 2015;1(2):137-45.
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