SUBORDINATE TRUST IN SUPERVISOR AND ORGANIZATION: EFFECTS ON SUBORDINATE PERCEPTIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT

Year 2010, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 55 - 67, 01.06.2010

Mine Afacan Fındıklı Adem Gulden Fatih Semercıoz

Abstract

This research examines the relationship between psychological empowerment and trust in organization and supervisor. In order to find out about the relationship among study variables, a research group has been formed among the employees of three companies operating in the field of infertility treatment in medicine industry and supplying hormones for follicular development. First, variables of trust in organization and supervisor have been dealt with regarding demographic factors. It has been investigated that there is no significant difference in terms of position, experience and age, whereas, given trust in supervisor, there is a significant difference in terms of gender and education. Then, relationships between the variables have been focused on. The findings have revealed there is a strong and positive relationship between trust in supervisor and the subordinate perceptions of psychological empowerment in terms of meaning and competence factors. Trust factor as an intervening variable is thought to have an effect on the perceptions of psychological empowerment

Keywords

psychological empowerment, trust, supervisor, organization

References

• Arslantaş, C. C. (2008), “Yöneticiye Duyulan Güvenin ve Psikolojik Güçlendirmenin Örgütsel
• Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkilerini Belirlemeye Yönelik Görgül Bir Çalışma”, TİSK Akademi, Vol. 1, pp. 101-117. Arslantaş, C. C. and Dursun, M. (2008), “Etik Liderlik Davranışının Yöneticiye Duyulan Güven ve Psikolojik Güçlendirme Üzerindeki Etkisinde Etkileşim Adaletinin Dolaylı Rolü”, Anadolu
• University Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 111-128. Berlew, D. E. (1986), “Managing Human Energy: Pushing versus Pulling”, (in: S. Srivastva-Ed.,
• Executive Power), San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp. 33-50. Borowski, P.J. (1998), “Manager-Employee Relationship: Guidedby Kant’s Categorical
• Imperative or by Dilbert’s Business Principle”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 1632.
• Brower, H. H., Lester, S. W., Korsgaard, M. A. and Dinen, B. R. (2009), “A Closer Look at Trust between Managers and Subordinates: Understanding the Effects of Both Trusting and Being
• Trusted on Subordinate Outcomes”, Journal of Management, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 327-347. Caudron, S. (1999), “Drop the business babble”, Workforce, Vol. 78, No. 9, pp. 25-28.
• Chan, Y. H., Taylor, R. R. and Markham, S. (2008), “The Role of Subordinates’ Trust in a Social
• Exchange-driven Psychological Empowerment Process”, Journal of Managerial Issues, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 444-467. Cole, N. (1995), “How Employee Empowerment Improves Manufacturing Performance”,
• Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 9, No.1, pp. 80-81. Colquitt, J. A., Scott, B. A. and Le Pine J. A. (2007), “Trust, Trustworthiness, and Trust
• Propensity: A Meta-analytic Test of Their Unique Relationships with Risk Taking and Job Performance”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 92, pp. 902-927. Conger, J. A. and Kanungo R. N. (1988), “The Empowerment Process: Integrating Theory and Practice”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 471-482.
• Conger, J.A. (1989), “Personal Growth Training - Snake Oil or Pathway to Leadership?”,
• Organizational Dynamics, Vol.22, No.1, pp. 19-30. Cook, J. and Wall, T. (1980), “New Work Attitude Measure of Trust, Organizational Commitment and Personal Need Non-fulfilment”, Journal of Occupational Psychology, Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 39
• Costa, A. C. and Bijlsma-Frankema, K. (2007), “Trust and Control Interrelations: New
• Perspectives on the Trust Control Nexus”, Group & Organization Management, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 392-406. Cropanzano, R. and Mitchell, M. S. (2005), “Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary
• Review”, Journal of Management, Vol. 31, No. 6, pp. 874-900. Day, J. (1999), “Getting the Edge: The Attitude of Ownership”, Supervision, Vol. 60, No. 6, pp. 3
• Dirks, K. T. and Ferrin, D. L. (2002), “Trust in Leadership: Meta-analytic Finding and Implications for Research and Practice”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 87, No. 4, pp. 611
• Dobbin, F. and Boychuk, T. (1999), “National employment systems and job autonomy: Why job autonomy is high in the Nordic countries and low in the United States, Canada and Australia.”,
• Organization Studies, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 257-291. Driscoll, J. W. (1978), “Trust and Participation in Organizational Decision Making as Predictors of Satisfaction”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 44-56.
• Ellis, K. and Shockley-Zalabak, P. (2001), “Trust in Top Management and Immediate Supervisor:
• The Relationship to Satisfaction, Perceived Organizational Effectiveness, and Information Receiving”, Communication Quarterly, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 382-398. Erdem, F. and Özen A. J. (2009), “Örgütsel Güven Ölçeği”, TÜBİTAK No. 107K548 (unfinished project).
• Ergeneli, A., Arı, G. S. and Metin, S. (2007), “Psychological Empowerment and its Relationship to Trust in Immediate Managers”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 60, pp. 41-49.
• Gambetta, D. (1988), “Can We Trust Trust?”, (Ed. By D. Gambetta-Ed. Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations), Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
• Gilbert, J. A. and Tang, T. L. P. (1998), “An Examination of Organizational Trust Antecedents”,
• Public Personnel Management, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 321-338. Gomez, C. and Rosen, B. (2001), “The Leader-Member Exchange a Link between Managerial
• Trust and Employee Empowerment”, Group & Organization Management, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 53- Hellinghausen, M. A. and Myers, J. (1998), “Empowered Employees: A New Team Concept”,
• Industrial Management, Vol.40, No.5, pp. 23-31. Herrenkohl, R.C., Judson, G.T. and Heffner, J. A. (1999), “Defining and Measuring Employee
• Empowerment”, Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 373-389. Hosmer, L. T. (1995), “Trust: The Connecting Link between Organizational Theory and Philosophical Ethics”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 379-403.
• Houghton, J. D. and Yoho, S. K. (2005), “Toward a Contingency Model of Leadership and Psychological Empowerment: When Should Self-Leadership Be Encouraged?”, Journal of
• Leadership and Organizational Studies, Vol. 11, No.4, pp. 65-83. Hubbell, A. P. and Chory-Assad, R. M. (2005), “Motivating Factors: Perceptions of Justice and Their Relationship with Managerial and Organizational Trust”, Communication Studies, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 47-70.
• Killing, J.P. (1983), Strategies for Joint Venture Success, New York: Praeger.
• Kim, B. P. and George, R. T. (2005), “The Relationship between Leader-Member Exchange and Psychological Empowerment: A Quick Casual Restaurant Employee Correlation Study”, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 468-483.
• Kim, S., O’Neill, J. W. and Jeong, S. (2004), “The Relationship among Leader-Member Exchange,
• Perceived Organizational Support, and Trust in Hotel Organizations”, Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 59-70. Kirkman, B. L. and Shapiro, D. L. (2001), “The Impact of Team Members’ Cultural Values on
• Productivity, Cooperation, and Empowerment in Self-managing Work Teams”, Journal of Cross- Cultural Psychology, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 597-617. Koberg, C. S., Boss, R. W., Senjem, J. C. and Goodman, E. A. (1999), “Antecedents and Outcomes of Empowerment: Empirical Evidence from the Health Care Industry”, Group &
• Organization Management, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 71-79. Kotter, J. (1999), “Change Leadership”, Executive Excellence, Vol.16, No.4, pp. 16-17.
• Laschinger, H.K.S., Finegan, J. and Shamian, J. (2001), “The Impact of Workplace Empowerment
• Organizational Trust on Staff Nurses' Work Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment”, Health Care Management Review, Vol. 26, No.3, pp. 7-23. Laschinger, H.K.S. and Finegan, J. (2005), “Using Empowerment to Build Trust and Respect in the Workplace: A Strategy for Addressing the Nursing Shortage”, Nursing Economics, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 6-13.
• Lewicki, J. R., Tomlinson, E. C. and Gillespie, N. (2006), “Models of Interpersonal Trust
• Development: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Evidence, and Future Directions”, Journal of Management, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 991-1022.
• Lewicki, J. R., McAllister, D. and Bies, R. (1998), “Trust and Distrust: New Relationships and Realities”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 438-458.
• Lewis, J. D. And Weigert, A. (1985), “Trust as a Social Reality”, Social Forces, Vol. 63, No. 4, pp. 967-985.
• Lin, C. (1998), “The Essence of Empowerment: A Conceptual Model and a Case Illustration”,
• Journal of Applied Management Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 223-238. Lubatkin,M. (1983), “Mergers and the Performance of the Acquiring Firm”, Academy of
• Management Review, Vol. 8, pp. 218-225. Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H. and Schoorman, F. D. (1995), “An Integrative Model of Organizational
• Trust”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 709-734. Mayer, R. C. and Gavin, M. B. (2005), “Trust in Management and Performance: Who Minds the Shop while the Employees Watch the Boss?”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 874-888.
• Moye, M. J. and Henkin, A. B. (2005), “Teacher-Principal Relationships: Exploring Linkages between Empowerment and Interpersonal Trust”, Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 260-277.
• Muchinsky, P. M. (1977), “Organizational Communication: Relationships to Organizational
• Climate and Job Satisfaction”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 592-607. Nyhan, R. C. and Marlowe, H. A. Jr (1997), “Development and Psychometric Properties of the Organization Trust Inventory”, Evaluation Review, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 614-637.
• Pfeffer, J. and Veiga, J.F. (1999), “Putting People First for Organizational Success”, Academy of
• Management Executive, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 37-48. Pierce, J. and Gardner, D. (2004), “Self-esteem within the Work and Organizational Context: A
• Review of the Organization-based Self-esteem Literature”, Journal of Management, Vol. 30, No. , pp. 591-622. Randolph, W. A. (1995), “Navigating the Journey to Empowerment”, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 19-32.
• Rousseau, D. M., Sitkin, S. B., Burt, R. S. and Camerer, C. (1998), “Not So Different After All: A
• Cross-Discipline View of Trust”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 393-404. Roy,M.H. and Dugal, S.S. (1998), “Developing Trust : The Importence of Cognitive Flexibility and Co-operative Contexts“, Management Decision, Vol. 36, No. 9, pp. 561-567.
• Semerciöz, F., Hassan, M. and Vatansever, N. (2010), “Antecedents and Consequences of
• Interpersonal Trust: an Empirical Study”, Journal of US-China Public Administration, Vol. 7, No. , April, pp. 73-85. Shamir, B. and Lapidot, Y. (2003), “Trust in Organizational Superiors: Systemic and Collective
• Considerations”, Organization Studies, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 463-491. Shapiro, D., Sheppard, B. H. and Cheraskin, L. (1992), “Business on a Handshake”, Negotiation Journal, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 365-377.
• Spreitzer, G. M. (1995), “Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Dimensions,
• Measurement, and Validation”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol.38, No. 5, pp. 1442-1465.
• Tan, H. H. and Tan C. (2000), “Toward the Differentiation of Trust in Supervisor and Trust in
• Organization”, Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, Vol. 126, No. 2, pp. 241- Thomas, K. W. and Velthouse B. A. (1990), “Cognitive Elements of Empowerment: An
• ‘Interpretive’ Model of Intrinsic Task Motivation”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 15, No. , pp. 666-681. Tjosvold, D., Hui, C. and Law, K. S. (1998), “Empowerment in the Manager-Employee
• Relationship in Hong Kong: Interdependence and Controversy”, The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 138, No. 5, pp. 624-636. Whitener, E. M., Brodt, S. E., Korsgaard, M. A. and Werner, J. M. (1998), “Managers as Initiators of Trust: An Exchange Relationship Framework for Understanding Managerial Trustworthy
• Behavior”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 513-530. Willis, A. K. (1999), “Breaking through the Barriers to Successful Empowerment”, Hospitality
• Material Management Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 69-80. Zhu, W., May, D. R. and Avolio, B. J. (2004), “The Impact of Ethical Leadership Behaviour on
• Employee Outcomes: The Roles of Psychological Empowerment and Authenticity”, Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, Vol. 11, No.1, pp. 16-26.