Research Article
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Year 2019, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 101 - 138, 01.01.2019

Abstract

References

  • Boisa. (2013). Resolving of crime - 253988 – Manage crime intelligence practices ‒ Attend to a crime scene. African learner guide Boisa Publishers: Pretoria.
  • Chisum, W.J & Curvey, B. (2000). Evidence dynamics: Locard’s exchange principle and crime reconstruction. Journal of Behavioural Profiling. 1(1).
  • Clack, W. (2014a). Livestock theft comparison. Wolboer / Wool Farmer, South Africa, Vol (2), No. 1: 40, 2307-0226.
  • Clack, W. (2014b). Livestock theft in theoretical context. Wolboer / Wool Farmer, South Africa, Vol (2), No. 2: 57-59, 2307-0226.
  • Clack, W. (2015). Media statement: Livestock theft. E-mail. Chairperson ‒ National and Gauteng Livestock Theft Prevention Forums. Pretoria. (Original E-mail in possession of the researcher).
  • Clack, W. (2013). The extent of stock theft in South Africa. Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology 26(2).
  • Cooper, J.E., Cooper, M.E & Budgen, P. (2009). Wildlife crime scene investigation: techniques, tools and technology’. Endangered Species Research. 9 (229).
  • Creswell, J.W. (2007). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed method approaches. Sage Publications: London.
  • Department of Justice and Constitutional Development. (2015). Government of South Africa – Stock theft. Stock Theft Act (Act No. 57 of 1959). www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/1977-051.pdf. Accessed: 2017/04/11.
  • De Vos, A.S., Strydom, H., Fouché, C.B. & Delport, C.S.L. (2011). Research at Grass Roots, for the social science and human service professions. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
  • Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Project. (2015a). DNA and crime resolution. http://dnaproject.co.za/dna-project/dna-and-crimeresolution. Accessed 2016/04/16.
  • Dillon, J., Figarelli, D., Sylvester, D & Tilstone, W. S.a. Collecting DNA evidence at property crime scenes Module 02 ‒ Outdoor crime scene. https://projects.nfstc.org/property_crimes/module02/pro_m02_t02.ht m. Accessed: 2018/08/15.
  • DNA Project. (2015b). DNA Database South Africa’s National DNA Database. Fighting crime with science [Online]. http://dnaproject.co.za/dna-project/dna-database. Accessed 2015/10/20.
  • DNA Project. (2015c). The science behind DNA. Fighting crime with science [Online]. http://dnaproject.co.za/dna-project/the-sciencebehind-dna. Accessed 2015/10/20.
  • Duster, T. (2006). Explaining Differential Trust of DNA Forensic Technology: Grounded Assessment or Inexplicable Paranoia? DNA fingerprinting and civil liberties. Summer Symposium. Journal of law, medicine and ethics. Wiley Online Library: North America.
  • Felson, R.B. (1997). Routine activities and involvement in violence as actor, witness, or target. Violence and Victims, 12(3).
  • Focus Group Discussions (KZN SAPS STUs). (2016). Interview. Ladysmith (KZN). (Notes in possession of researchers).
  • Forensic Working Group. (2014). Wildlife Crime: A guide to the use of forensic and specialist techniques in the investigation of wildlife crime. United Kingdom: Crown Publishers.
  • Fraud Examiners Manual. (2016). Fraud prevention and deterrence – Understanding criminal behaviour. International Edition. United States: Association for Certified Examiners.
  • Geldenhuys, K. (2013). Crime scenes: Responsibilities of the 1st person. Servamus – Community Based Safety & Security Magazine, October: 106 (10): 56.
  • Gilbert, J.N. (2007). Criminal investigation. 7th Edition. New Jersey Columbus, Ohio: Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.
  • Google Images. (2015). EWB private investigations / stock theft images. https://www.google.co.za/search?newwindow=1&biw=1670&bih=82 1&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=stock+theft+&oq=stock+theft+&gs_l=img.3... 7953.7953.0.8137.1.1.0.0.0.0.0.0..0.0....0...1c.1.64.img..1.0.0.m2XaU Aq6QtE#imgrc=iuDxF7oPKRnp4M:&spf=17. Accessed: 2017/04/19.
  • Gqirana, T. (2017). Crime stats: Slight decrease in farm murders, stock theft on rise. 03 March, News24 [Online]. http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/crime-stats-slightdecrease-in-farm-murders-stock-theft-on-rise-20170303. Accessed: 2017/04/19.
  • Jobling, M.A & Gill, P. (2004). Encoded evidence: DNA in forensic analysis. Nature Reviews | Genetics. October Issue, Vol (5).
  • Key Informant Interviews (SAPS STUs members). 2016. Interview. Utrecht (Newcastle), Pietermaritzburg and Durban Central, KZN. (Notes in possession of researchers).
  • Khajja, B.S., Vashistha, K.N., Bairwa, T., Sharma, M., Sharma, S., Srivastava, S & Mathur, G.K. (2010). Trace Evidence Crack a Suicide Proved Homicide: A Case Study. Directorate of Forensic science, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Nehru Nagar, Jaipur: Rajasthan, India.
  • Khoabane, S & Black, P. (2009). The effect of livestock theft on household poverty in developing countries: The case of Lesotho. Working Paper. http://www.ekon.sun.ac.za/ Accessed: 2017/04/19.
  • Letaba Herald. (2015). Two bakkies torched following stock theft ‒ Two bakkies belonging to stock thieves were burnt to ashes by an enraged mob next to the R36 road. August 24 [Online]. http://letabaherald.co.za/13800/two-cars-burnt-to-ashes-followingstock-theft/. Accessed: 2015/12/04.
  • Lilly, J.R., Cullen, F.T. & Ball, R.A. (2011). Criminological theory: Context and consequences. 6th edition. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
  • Lochner, H & Zinn, R. 2015. Crime scene investigation. Claremont, Cape Town: Juta and Company (Pty) Ltd.
  • Manamela, M.S., Smith, J.H. & Mokwena, R.J. (2015). Serological evidence and DNA analysis. In Edited by Zinn, R.J & Dintwe, S (Ed).
  • Forensic Investigation Legislative principles and investigative practice. Cape Town: Juta.
  • Mashala, P. (2013). Developing farmers feel the scourge of stock theft. Farmers’ Weekly, 28 May [Online]. http://www.farmersweekly.co.za/animals/cattle/developing-farmersfeel-the-scourge-of-stock-theft/. Accessed: 2017/04/19.
  • Matlala, M.M. (2012). The use of the Automated Fingerprints Identification System to improve the quality of service rendered by the South African Police Service in the East Rand. Masters Dissertation. Pretoria: University of South Africa.
  • National Stock Theft Prevention Forum. (2016). Manual for the prevention of stock theft: In Grobler, K (Ed). The farmer’s guide to the prevention and handling of stock theft. National Stock Theft Prevention Forum in collaboration with Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Pretoria: Agri Connect (Pty) Ltd.
  • Pule, A. (2015). New system ensures quicker justice. Pretoria: Public Sector Manager, Department of Communications and Information System.
  • Schoeman, L. (2017). Warning that farmers may take law into their own hands over stock theft. 20 March, Netwerk24 [Online]. http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/warning-that-farmersmay-take-law-into-their-own-hands-over-stock-theft-20170320. Accessed 2017/04/19.
  • Singh, V & Du Toit, MP (Ed). (2015). South African Police Service newsletter. September, Vol. 14, Issue 1.
  • Smith, J.H. & Zinn, R.J. (2015). Developments in forensic technology. In Zinn, R.J & Dintwe, S (Ed). Forensic Investigation: Legislative principles and investigative practice. Cape Town: Cape Town.
  • South Africa. (2014). A New DNA Act ‒ The Criminal Law (Forensic Procedures) Amendment Act 37 of 2013 (hereafter referred to as the ‘DNA Act’) was finally passed into law on the 27 January 2014. Government Gazette, Vol. 583, No. 52. Cape Town, 27 January, No. 37268 [Online]. http://dnaproject.co.za/legislationhomepage/legislation/a-new-dna-act/. Accessed: 2015/10/20.
  • South Africa. (1996). The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa as adopted by the Constitutional Assembly on 8 May 1996 and as amended on 11 October 1996. Pretoria: Government Printer. (B34B-96).
  • Van Der Watt. M. (2014). Forensic Methods and Techniques. Only study guide for FOR1501, Department of Police Practice. Pretoria: University of South Africa.
  • Webb, D. (2008‒2017). Types of Crime Scene. http://www.all-aboutforensic-science.com/types-of-crime-scene.html. Accessed: 2017/04/19.

AN EVALUATIVE STUDY ON CRIMINALISTICS: STOCK THEFT SCENES

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 101 - 138, 01.01.2019

Abstract

The scientific study and evaluation of evidence found at a crime scene
have helped in solving criminal cases resulting in the apprehension of
potential perpetrators, including stock thieves. The locations to obtain
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) evidence are vast, which consist of
clothing, bodily fluids (semen, saliva, sweat, blood), fingerprints,
tissue, skin cells and hair roots, among other things. This paper
evaluates the policing of stock theft through the application of
criminalistics in the form of DNA evidence to link a suspect to stock
theft scenes. The sample for this comprises 15 participants of the
South African Police Service Stock Theft Units (SAPS STUs) in
KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), chosen purposively. A qualitative research
approach was adopted for proper analysis.
This paper found that each stock theft scene differs from the next, and
each must be approached with its own merits. It can never be
prescribed to the first investigator, by means of rules and regulations,
on how to proceed with each case. This paper further reveals the
value of criminalistics (DNA materials) and policing in investigating stock theft in the selected SAPS STUs in KZN by confirming that the
accuracy of this application is beyond doubt and when done in the
correct way, the tests conducted are infallible. This paper
recommends that for the effective policing of stock theft by the SAPS
STUs in KZN (Newcastle – Bulwer, Ladysmith and Bulwer –
Pietermaritzburg) the application of criminalistics (DNA) evidence
should be incorporated. This procedure could produce the desired
results with regard to an increase in high-quality maintenance of the
chain of custody during the investigation of these cases.
Key Words: 

References

  • Boisa. (2013). Resolving of crime - 253988 – Manage crime intelligence practices ‒ Attend to a crime scene. African learner guide Boisa Publishers: Pretoria.
  • Chisum, W.J & Curvey, B. (2000). Evidence dynamics: Locard’s exchange principle and crime reconstruction. Journal of Behavioural Profiling. 1(1).
  • Clack, W. (2014a). Livestock theft comparison. Wolboer / Wool Farmer, South Africa, Vol (2), No. 1: 40, 2307-0226.
  • Clack, W. (2014b). Livestock theft in theoretical context. Wolboer / Wool Farmer, South Africa, Vol (2), No. 2: 57-59, 2307-0226.
  • Clack, W. (2015). Media statement: Livestock theft. E-mail. Chairperson ‒ National and Gauteng Livestock Theft Prevention Forums. Pretoria. (Original E-mail in possession of the researcher).
  • Clack, W. (2013). The extent of stock theft in South Africa. Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology 26(2).
  • Cooper, J.E., Cooper, M.E & Budgen, P. (2009). Wildlife crime scene investigation: techniques, tools and technology’. Endangered Species Research. 9 (229).
  • Creswell, J.W. (2007). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed method approaches. Sage Publications: London.
  • Department of Justice and Constitutional Development. (2015). Government of South Africa – Stock theft. Stock Theft Act (Act No. 57 of 1959). www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/1977-051.pdf. Accessed: 2017/04/11.
  • De Vos, A.S., Strydom, H., Fouché, C.B. & Delport, C.S.L. (2011). Research at Grass Roots, for the social science and human service professions. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
  • Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Project. (2015a). DNA and crime resolution. http://dnaproject.co.za/dna-project/dna-and-crimeresolution. Accessed 2016/04/16.
  • Dillon, J., Figarelli, D., Sylvester, D & Tilstone, W. S.a. Collecting DNA evidence at property crime scenes Module 02 ‒ Outdoor crime scene. https://projects.nfstc.org/property_crimes/module02/pro_m02_t02.ht m. Accessed: 2018/08/15.
  • DNA Project. (2015b). DNA Database South Africa’s National DNA Database. Fighting crime with science [Online]. http://dnaproject.co.za/dna-project/dna-database. Accessed 2015/10/20.
  • DNA Project. (2015c). The science behind DNA. Fighting crime with science [Online]. http://dnaproject.co.za/dna-project/the-sciencebehind-dna. Accessed 2015/10/20.
  • Duster, T. (2006). Explaining Differential Trust of DNA Forensic Technology: Grounded Assessment or Inexplicable Paranoia? DNA fingerprinting and civil liberties. Summer Symposium. Journal of law, medicine and ethics. Wiley Online Library: North America.
  • Felson, R.B. (1997). Routine activities and involvement in violence as actor, witness, or target. Violence and Victims, 12(3).
  • Focus Group Discussions (KZN SAPS STUs). (2016). Interview. Ladysmith (KZN). (Notes in possession of researchers).
  • Forensic Working Group. (2014). Wildlife Crime: A guide to the use of forensic and specialist techniques in the investigation of wildlife crime. United Kingdom: Crown Publishers.
  • Fraud Examiners Manual. (2016). Fraud prevention and deterrence – Understanding criminal behaviour. International Edition. United States: Association for Certified Examiners.
  • Geldenhuys, K. (2013). Crime scenes: Responsibilities of the 1st person. Servamus – Community Based Safety & Security Magazine, October: 106 (10): 56.
  • Gilbert, J.N. (2007). Criminal investigation. 7th Edition. New Jersey Columbus, Ohio: Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.
  • Google Images. (2015). EWB private investigations / stock theft images. https://www.google.co.za/search?newwindow=1&biw=1670&bih=82 1&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=stock+theft+&oq=stock+theft+&gs_l=img.3... 7953.7953.0.8137.1.1.0.0.0.0.0.0..0.0....0...1c.1.64.img..1.0.0.m2XaU Aq6QtE#imgrc=iuDxF7oPKRnp4M:&spf=17. Accessed: 2017/04/19.
  • Gqirana, T. (2017). Crime stats: Slight decrease in farm murders, stock theft on rise. 03 March, News24 [Online]. http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/crime-stats-slightdecrease-in-farm-murders-stock-theft-on-rise-20170303. Accessed: 2017/04/19.
  • Jobling, M.A & Gill, P. (2004). Encoded evidence: DNA in forensic analysis. Nature Reviews | Genetics. October Issue, Vol (5).
  • Key Informant Interviews (SAPS STUs members). 2016. Interview. Utrecht (Newcastle), Pietermaritzburg and Durban Central, KZN. (Notes in possession of researchers).
  • Khajja, B.S., Vashistha, K.N., Bairwa, T., Sharma, M., Sharma, S., Srivastava, S & Mathur, G.K. (2010). Trace Evidence Crack a Suicide Proved Homicide: A Case Study. Directorate of Forensic science, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Nehru Nagar, Jaipur: Rajasthan, India.
  • Khoabane, S & Black, P. (2009). The effect of livestock theft on household poverty in developing countries: The case of Lesotho. Working Paper. http://www.ekon.sun.ac.za/ Accessed: 2017/04/19.
  • Letaba Herald. (2015). Two bakkies torched following stock theft ‒ Two bakkies belonging to stock thieves were burnt to ashes by an enraged mob next to the R36 road. August 24 [Online]. http://letabaherald.co.za/13800/two-cars-burnt-to-ashes-followingstock-theft/. Accessed: 2015/12/04.
  • Lilly, J.R., Cullen, F.T. & Ball, R.A. (2011). Criminological theory: Context and consequences. 6th edition. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
  • Lochner, H & Zinn, R. 2015. Crime scene investigation. Claremont, Cape Town: Juta and Company (Pty) Ltd.
  • Manamela, M.S., Smith, J.H. & Mokwena, R.J. (2015). Serological evidence and DNA analysis. In Edited by Zinn, R.J & Dintwe, S (Ed).
  • Forensic Investigation Legislative principles and investigative practice. Cape Town: Juta.
  • Mashala, P. (2013). Developing farmers feel the scourge of stock theft. Farmers’ Weekly, 28 May [Online]. http://www.farmersweekly.co.za/animals/cattle/developing-farmersfeel-the-scourge-of-stock-theft/. Accessed: 2017/04/19.
  • Matlala, M.M. (2012). The use of the Automated Fingerprints Identification System to improve the quality of service rendered by the South African Police Service in the East Rand. Masters Dissertation. Pretoria: University of South Africa.
  • National Stock Theft Prevention Forum. (2016). Manual for the prevention of stock theft: In Grobler, K (Ed). The farmer’s guide to the prevention and handling of stock theft. National Stock Theft Prevention Forum in collaboration with Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Pretoria: Agri Connect (Pty) Ltd.
  • Pule, A. (2015). New system ensures quicker justice. Pretoria: Public Sector Manager, Department of Communications and Information System.
  • Schoeman, L. (2017). Warning that farmers may take law into their own hands over stock theft. 20 March, Netwerk24 [Online]. http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/warning-that-farmersmay-take-law-into-their-own-hands-over-stock-theft-20170320. Accessed 2017/04/19.
  • Singh, V & Du Toit, MP (Ed). (2015). South African Police Service newsletter. September, Vol. 14, Issue 1.
  • Smith, J.H. & Zinn, R.J. (2015). Developments in forensic technology. In Zinn, R.J & Dintwe, S (Ed). Forensic Investigation: Legislative principles and investigative practice. Cape Town: Cape Town.
  • South Africa. (2014). A New DNA Act ‒ The Criminal Law (Forensic Procedures) Amendment Act 37 of 2013 (hereafter referred to as the ‘DNA Act’) was finally passed into law on the 27 January 2014. Government Gazette, Vol. 583, No. 52. Cape Town, 27 January, No. 37268 [Online]. http://dnaproject.co.za/legislationhomepage/legislation/a-new-dna-act/. Accessed: 2015/10/20.
  • South Africa. (1996). The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa as adopted by the Constitutional Assembly on 8 May 1996 and as amended on 11 October 1996. Pretoria: Government Printer. (B34B-96).
  • Van Der Watt. M. (2014). Forensic Methods and Techniques. Only study guide for FOR1501, Department of Police Practice. Pretoria: University of South Africa.
  • Webb, D. (2008‒2017). Types of Crime Scene. http://www.all-aboutforensic-science.com/types-of-crime-scene.html. Accessed: 2017/04/19.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Witness Maluleke This is me

Rakgetse John Mokwena This is me

Sogo A Olofinbiyi This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Maluleke, W., Mokwena, R. J., & Olofinbiyi, S. A. (2019). AN EVALUATIVE STUDY ON CRIMINALISTICS: STOCK THEFT SCENES. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 11(1), 101-138.
AMA Maluleke W, Mokwena RJ, Olofinbiyi SA. AN EVALUATIVE STUDY ON CRIMINALISTICS: STOCK THEFT SCENES. IJBMS. January 2019;11(1):101-138.
Chicago Maluleke, Witness, Rakgetse John Mokwena, and Sogo A Olofinbiyi. “AN EVALUATIVE STUDY ON CRIMINALISTICS: STOCK THEFT SCENES”. International Journal of Business and Management Studies 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 101-38.
EndNote Maluleke W, Mokwena RJ, Olofinbiyi SA (January 1, 2019) AN EVALUATIVE STUDY ON CRIMINALISTICS: STOCK THEFT SCENES. International Journal of Business and Management Studies 11 1 101–138.
IEEE W. Maluleke, R. J. Mokwena, and S. A. Olofinbiyi, “AN EVALUATIVE STUDY ON CRIMINALISTICS: STOCK THEFT SCENES”, IJBMS, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 101–138, 2019.
ISNAD Maluleke, Witness et al. “AN EVALUATIVE STUDY ON CRIMINALISTICS: STOCK THEFT SCENES”. International Journal of Business and Management Studies 11/1 (January 2019), 101-138.
JAMA Maluleke W, Mokwena RJ, Olofinbiyi SA. AN EVALUATIVE STUDY ON CRIMINALISTICS: STOCK THEFT SCENES. IJBMS. 2019;11:101–138.
MLA Maluleke, Witness et al. “AN EVALUATIVE STUDY ON CRIMINALISTICS: STOCK THEFT SCENES”. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, vol. 11, no. 1, 2019, pp. 101-38.
Vancouver Maluleke W, Mokwena RJ, Olofinbiyi SA. AN EVALUATIVE STUDY ON CRIMINALISTICS: STOCK THEFT SCENES. IJBMS. 2019;11(1):101-38.