Boron In Plant Growth and Development: Roles, Nutrient Interaction and Implications for Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

Boron (B) serves as a crucial nutrient for plants, significantly influencing various physiological and structural functions important for their development and growth. One of its primary functions is in the formation of plant cell walls through its cross-linking with rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) chains, enhancing mechanical strength and maintaining cell wall integrity. Additionally, B is involved in cell division and elongation, stabilises cell membranes, regulates ion transport across membranes, and participates in phenolic metabolism by preventing the accumulation of harmful phenolic compounds. Reproductively, B is indispensable for pollen germination and pollen tube growth, thereby ensuring fertility and seed formation, with varying requirements among crop species. B interacts synergistically or antagonistically with other mineral nutrients such as phosphorus, calcium and nitrogen influencing their uptake and distribution within plants. B deficiency triggers a wide range of physiological and structural disorders, including inhibited growth of meristematic regions, leaf deformation, impaired root development, and reduced reproductive efficiency. These effects can be exacerbated by environmental factors and interactions with other elements, underscoring the importance of understanding B uptake dynamics and transport mechanisms. Comprehensive knowledge of B roles and its interactions with other nutrients provides a scientific basis for developing efficient nutrient management strategies.

Keywords

• Boron
• rhamnogalacturonan II
• phenolic
• pollen
• nutrients
• deficiency

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