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Therapeutic Landscapes: an Integrative Approach in the Design of Urban Green Spaces

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 143 - 154, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.22252/ijca.714494

Abstract

Numerous theories have been used to present Biophilia Hypothesis in order to clarify the great interest and gratification about natural environments. The concept of Biophilia points out that there must be a biological connection with nature at the physical, spirutal and social levels. Hence, our personal well-being, productivity and social relations are positively influenced when our urban environment incorporates natural components. It has been well known ever since the middle-ages that healing gardens affect psychological and physical health of humans. The concept of therapeutic gardens has been generated in the scope of the healing functions of green areas in the face of negative effects of rapid urbanization by considering the recent effects of green areas on human life. In this study, building of therapeutic gardens in the historical process and their effects on human life were scrutinized. Moreover, general urban green area uses were investigated and they were assessed in the scope of therapeutic garden improvement. Improvement types of therapeutic gardens, design criteria, place arrangement and plant material use were studied.

References

  • Acar, C. (1997). A study on the use of some ground-covering natural plants grown in Trabzon and its environs in landscape architecture, doctorate thesis, Black Sea Technical University, Institute of Science, Trabzon
  • Acar C, Demirbaş E., Dinçer P. and Acar H., 2003. An Assessment of Semantic Differentiation Technique in Plant Composition Examples, Journal of Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Forestry, Serial: A, Issue: 1, ISSN: 1302-7085, Sayfa:15-28.
  • Bekçi B, Var M., and Taşkan G, 2013, the Use of Natural Species in Urban Vacant Sites in the Context of Vegetation Design Criteria: Bartın, Turkey, Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty, ISSN: 2146-1880, e-ISSN: 2146-698X, Vol: 14, Issue: 1, Pages: 113-125.
  • Bretzel F, Malorgiob F, Paoletti L, Pezzarossaa B, 2012. Response of sowed, flowering herbaceous communities suitable for anthropic Mediterranean areas under different mowing regimes, Landscape and Urban Planning, G Model, LAND-2217; No. of Pages 9.
  • Erickson, M.S. (2012) Restorative Garden Design; Enhancing Wellness through Healing Spaces. Art and Design Discourse. Vol. 2.
  • Güngör İ, Atatoprak A, Özer F, Akdağ N ve Kandemir N İ, 2002, Plant World, Details of Plant Introduction and Principles of Arboriculture, Laser Offset Publication Facilities Industry and Trade Ltd. Co., ISBN 975-97874-0-7, Ankara.
  • Johnson, C. W., 1995. Planning and designing for the multiple use role of habitats in urban/suburban landscapes in the Great Basin. Landurbplan 32, 219-225. Kahveci, H. (2016), An Assessment of Plant Cover of the Eastern Black Sea Coastal Region in terms of Landscape Architecture, Black Sea Technical University, Institute of Science, Doctorate Thesis, Trabzon.
  • Kaplan, R., S. Kaplan and R.L. Ryan, 1998. With People in Mind: Design and Management of Everyday Nature. Island Press, Washington, D. C.
  • Kellert, S.R.(1997). Kinship to Mastery: Biophilia in Human Evolution and Development. Island Press, Washington, DC.
  • Kellert, S.R. (2002). Experiencing nature. In: Kahn, P., Kellert, S. (Eds.), Children and Nature. MIT Press, Cambridge.
  • Kellert, S. R., Heerwagen, J. H., Mador, M. L. (2008). Biophilic design: the theory, science and practice of bringing buildings to life, John Wiley&Sons, Inc.
  • Kendle A. D., Rohde C. R. E. 1995. Relative importance of uncontrolled and ordered nature for people in urban areas. In: J. De Waal (Ed), Ecological Aspect of Green Areas in Urban Environments, Proceedings of the 1995 IFPRA World Conference 3-8 September, 55-58, Bruge, Belgium.
  • Khansari, M, Moghtader, MR & Yavari, M 1998, Persian Garden: Echoes of Paradise, Mage Publishers, Washington DC.
  • Köse S, Güral S M, 2019. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Their Use in Landscapes, LANDSCAPE – Journal of Education, Science, Culture and Arts, 1 (2019), 41-54.
  • Mamıkoğlu, N. G., 2010. Trees and Bushes of Turkey, Doğuş Group Communication Publication and Trade Ltd. Co., NTV Publications, ISBN: 978-605-5813-49-9, Istanbul. Marcus, Clare Cooper and Barnes, Marni.,(1995),Gardens in healthcare facilities: Uses, therapeutic benefits, and design recommendations, The Center for Health Design, Inc Neducin, D. Krklijes, M. Kurtovic-Folic, N. 2010. Hospital Outdoor Space-Therapeutic Benefits and Design Consideration. Architecture and Civil Engineering Vol. 8, No 3, 2010, pp. 293 - 305 Orman, P. (2017). Understanding the Biophilia Hypothesis through a Comparative Analysis of Residential Typologies in Phoenix, São Paulo, and Tokyo. Master Thesis. Arizona State University. Robinson N (1992) The Planting Design Handbook, Gower Publishing Company Limited Gower House Craft Road Aldershot Hampshire Gu11 3HR, England, 271p.
  • Sacamano, D. 2009. An Introduction to Healing Gardens and Creating Low-cost Wellness Feathers. Oregon Office of Rural Health. Oregon Health and Science University. Washington
  • Sakıcı Ç., Var M. 2014. Criteria in organization of gardens of psychiatric hospitals (outdoor therapy units), Journal of Kastamonu University, Faculty of Forestry, 14(1), 101- 112
  • Sakıcı, Ç (2009). Landscape design of outdoor therapeutic units of psychiatric hospitals: Example of Ataköy (Trabzon) Psychiatric Hospital (unpublished doctorate thesis), Black Sea Technical University, Institute of Science, Department of Landscape Architecture, Trabzon
  • Sarıçam H, Şahin S H, Soyuçok E, 2015. The Examination Of The Relationship Between Nature Relatedness, Depression, Anxiety And Stress, International Journal Of Psychiatry And Psychological Researche S, Jel Kodu: I0-I11-I12-I30 ID:36 K:49, ISSN 2148-8215 ONLINE ISSN:2149-2506.
  • Serez, A. (2011). Health Gardens in the Historical Process, Istanbul Technical University, Institute of Science, Master’s Thesis, pg: 12-57, Ankara.
  • Shackell, Aileen and Walter, Robin.(2012), Practice Guide Green spaces design for health and well being, Forestry Commission: Edinburgh.
  • Vappa, A.G. 2002. Healing Gardens: Creating Places for Restoration, Meditation, and Sanctuary. Master‘s The-sis.Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, College of Architecture and Urban Studies Verderber, Stephen and Refuerzo, Ben J.,(2006), Innovations in Hospice Architecture, Taylor &Francis. Wilson, E.O.( 1984). Biophilia: the Human Bond with Other Species. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

Therapeutic Landscapes: an Integrative Approach in the Design of Urban Green Spaces

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 143 - 154, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.22252/ijca.714494

Abstract

Numerous theories have been used to present Biophilia Hypothesis in order to clarify the great interest and gratification about natural environments. The concept of Biophilia points out that there must be a biological connection with nature at the physical, spirutal and social levels. Hence, our personal well-being, productivity and social relations are positively influenced when our urban environment incorporates natural components. It has been well known ever since the middle-ages that healing gardens affect psychological and physical health of humans. The concept of therapeutic gardens has been generated in the scope of the healing functions of green areas in the face of negative effects of rapid urbanization by considering the recent effects of green areas on human life. In this study, building of therapeutic gardens in the historical process and their effects on human life were scrutinized. Moreover, general urban green area uses were investigated and they were assessed in the scope of therapeutic garden improvement. Improvement types of therapeutic gardens, design criteria, place arrangement and plant material use were studied.

References

  • Acar, C. (1997). A study on the use of some ground-covering natural plants grown in Trabzon and its environs in landscape architecture, doctorate thesis, Black Sea Technical University, Institute of Science, Trabzon
  • Acar C, Demirbaş E., Dinçer P. and Acar H., 2003. An Assessment of Semantic Differentiation Technique in Plant Composition Examples, Journal of Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Forestry, Serial: A, Issue: 1, ISSN: 1302-7085, Sayfa:15-28.
  • Bekçi B, Var M., and Taşkan G, 2013, the Use of Natural Species in Urban Vacant Sites in the Context of Vegetation Design Criteria: Bartın, Turkey, Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty, ISSN: 2146-1880, e-ISSN: 2146-698X, Vol: 14, Issue: 1, Pages: 113-125.
  • Bretzel F, Malorgiob F, Paoletti L, Pezzarossaa B, 2012. Response of sowed, flowering herbaceous communities suitable for anthropic Mediterranean areas under different mowing regimes, Landscape and Urban Planning, G Model, LAND-2217; No. of Pages 9.
  • Erickson, M.S. (2012) Restorative Garden Design; Enhancing Wellness through Healing Spaces. Art and Design Discourse. Vol. 2.
  • Güngör İ, Atatoprak A, Özer F, Akdağ N ve Kandemir N İ, 2002, Plant World, Details of Plant Introduction and Principles of Arboriculture, Laser Offset Publication Facilities Industry and Trade Ltd. Co., ISBN 975-97874-0-7, Ankara.
  • Johnson, C. W., 1995. Planning and designing for the multiple use role of habitats in urban/suburban landscapes in the Great Basin. Landurbplan 32, 219-225. Kahveci, H. (2016), An Assessment of Plant Cover of the Eastern Black Sea Coastal Region in terms of Landscape Architecture, Black Sea Technical University, Institute of Science, Doctorate Thesis, Trabzon.
  • Kaplan, R., S. Kaplan and R.L. Ryan, 1998. With People in Mind: Design and Management of Everyday Nature. Island Press, Washington, D. C.
  • Kellert, S.R.(1997). Kinship to Mastery: Biophilia in Human Evolution and Development. Island Press, Washington, DC.
  • Kellert, S.R. (2002). Experiencing nature. In: Kahn, P., Kellert, S. (Eds.), Children and Nature. MIT Press, Cambridge.
  • Kellert, S. R., Heerwagen, J. H., Mador, M. L. (2008). Biophilic design: the theory, science and practice of bringing buildings to life, John Wiley&Sons, Inc.
  • Kendle A. D., Rohde C. R. E. 1995. Relative importance of uncontrolled and ordered nature for people in urban areas. In: J. De Waal (Ed), Ecological Aspect of Green Areas in Urban Environments, Proceedings of the 1995 IFPRA World Conference 3-8 September, 55-58, Bruge, Belgium.
  • Khansari, M, Moghtader, MR & Yavari, M 1998, Persian Garden: Echoes of Paradise, Mage Publishers, Washington DC.
  • Köse S, Güral S M, 2019. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Their Use in Landscapes, LANDSCAPE – Journal of Education, Science, Culture and Arts, 1 (2019), 41-54.
  • Mamıkoğlu, N. G., 2010. Trees and Bushes of Turkey, Doğuş Group Communication Publication and Trade Ltd. Co., NTV Publications, ISBN: 978-605-5813-49-9, Istanbul. Marcus, Clare Cooper and Barnes, Marni.,(1995),Gardens in healthcare facilities: Uses, therapeutic benefits, and design recommendations, The Center for Health Design, Inc Neducin, D. Krklijes, M. Kurtovic-Folic, N. 2010. Hospital Outdoor Space-Therapeutic Benefits and Design Consideration. Architecture and Civil Engineering Vol. 8, No 3, 2010, pp. 293 - 305 Orman, P. (2017). Understanding the Biophilia Hypothesis through a Comparative Analysis of Residential Typologies in Phoenix, São Paulo, and Tokyo. Master Thesis. Arizona State University. Robinson N (1992) The Planting Design Handbook, Gower Publishing Company Limited Gower House Craft Road Aldershot Hampshire Gu11 3HR, England, 271p.
  • Sacamano, D. 2009. An Introduction to Healing Gardens and Creating Low-cost Wellness Feathers. Oregon Office of Rural Health. Oregon Health and Science University. Washington
  • Sakıcı Ç., Var M. 2014. Criteria in organization of gardens of psychiatric hospitals (outdoor therapy units), Journal of Kastamonu University, Faculty of Forestry, 14(1), 101- 112
  • Sakıcı, Ç (2009). Landscape design of outdoor therapeutic units of psychiatric hospitals: Example of Ataköy (Trabzon) Psychiatric Hospital (unpublished doctorate thesis), Black Sea Technical University, Institute of Science, Department of Landscape Architecture, Trabzon
  • Sarıçam H, Şahin S H, Soyuçok E, 2015. The Examination Of The Relationship Between Nature Relatedness, Depression, Anxiety And Stress, International Journal Of Psychiatry And Psychological Researche S, Jel Kodu: I0-I11-I12-I30 ID:36 K:49, ISSN 2148-8215 ONLINE ISSN:2149-2506.
  • Serez, A. (2011). Health Gardens in the Historical Process, Istanbul Technical University, Institute of Science, Master’s Thesis, pg: 12-57, Ankara.
  • Shackell, Aileen and Walter, Robin.(2012), Practice Guide Green spaces design for health and well being, Forestry Commission: Edinburgh.
  • Vappa, A.G. 2002. Healing Gardens: Creating Places for Restoration, Meditation, and Sanctuary. Master‘s The-sis.Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, College of Architecture and Urban Studies Verderber, Stephen and Refuerzo, Ben J.,(2006), Innovations in Hospice Architecture, Taylor &Francis. Wilson, E.O.( 1984). Biophilia: the Human Bond with Other Species. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Parisa Göker 0000-0001-8876-2621

Hilal Kahveci This is me 0000-0002-4516-7491

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Göker, P., & Kahveci, H. (2020). Therapeutic Landscapes: an Integrative Approach in the Design of Urban Green Spaces. İnönü Üniversitesi Kültür Ve Sanat Dergisi, 6(1), 143-154. https://doi.org/10.22252/ijca.714494