Research Article
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Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 177 - 191, 15.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.657994

Abstract

References

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  • Arar, K. (2018). How novice principals face the challenges of principalship in the Arab Education System in Israel. 45(6), 580-596. doi:10.1177/0894845317726392
  • Arar, K., Tamir, E., & Abu-Hussain, J. (2019). Understanding reforms, school reactions to major changes: The case of Israel. Journal of Educational Administration and History, 51(4), 402-418. doi:10.1080/00220620.2019.1624511
  • Aslanargun, E., & Bozkurt, S. (2012). Okul müdürlerinin okul yönetiminde karşılaştığı sorunlar [Problems faced by school principals in school management]. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 11(2), 349-368.
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  • Demirbilek, M., & Bakioğlu, A. (2019). Okul müdür yardımcılarının görevlerinden ayrılma nedenleri [Reasons of the assistant principals quitting their duties]. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 52(3), 739-771.
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  • Baltacı, A. (2017). Okul müdürlerlerinin iş yükünün performans düzeylerine etkisi [Effect of workload on school principals' performance levels]. Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 101-121.
  • Berntson, E., Wallin, L., & Härenstam, A. (2012). Typical situations for managers in the Swedish Public Sector: Cluster analysis of working conditions using the job demands-resources model. International Public Management Journal, 15(1), 100-130. doi:10.1080/10967494.2012.684026
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  • Bowling, N. A., & Kirkendall, C. (2012). Workload: A review of potential causes, consequences, and interventions. In J. Houdmont, S. Leka, & R. Sinclair (Eds.), Contemporary occupational health psychology: Global perspectives on research and practice (Vol. 2, pp. 221-238). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
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  • Cerit, Y., & Özdemir, T. (2015). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin iş yükü algıları ile işten ayrılma niyetleri arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between classroom teachers' workload perceptions and their intention to quit]. International Journal of Human Sciences, 12(2), 626-637.
  • Chesley, N. (2010). Technology use and employee assessments of work effectiveness, workload, and pace of life. Information, Communication Society, 13(4), 485-514.
  • Cooper, C. L., & Marshall, J. (1976). Occupational sources of stress: A review of the literature relating to coronary heart disease and mental ill health. Journal of occupational psychology, 49(1), 11-28.
  • Crawford, M. (2012). Novice head teachers in Scotland: Competing expectations. School Leadership & Management, 32(3), 279-290. doi:10.1080/13632434.2012.669365
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Los Angeles: Sage publications.
  • Curry, R., Jex, H., Levison, W., & Stassen, H. (1979). Final report of control engineering group. In N. Moray (Ed.), Mental workload (Vol. 8, pp. 235-252). Boston, MA: Springer.
  • Çelikten, M. (2004). Bir okul müdürünün günlüğü [Diary of a school principal]. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(1), 123-135.
  • Çınkır, S. (2010). Problems of primary school headteachers: Problem sources and support strategies. Elementary Education Online, 9(3), 1027-1036.
  • Day, A., Paquet, S., Scott, N., & Hambley, L. (2012). Perceived information and communication technology (ICT) demands on employee outcomes: The moderating effect of organizational ICT support. Journal of occupational health psychology, 17(4), 473-491. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029837
  • de Zwart, B. C., Frings-Dresen, M. H., & van Dijk, F. J. (1996). Physical workload and the ageing worker: a review of the literature. International archives of occupational environmental health, 68(1), 1-12.
  • Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Bulters, A. J. (2004). The loss spiral of work pressure, work–home interference and exhaustion: Reciprocal relations in a three-wave study. Journal of Vocational behavior, 64(1), 131-149.
  • Demirkasımoğu, N. (2015). Kamu okulu yöneticilerinin iş yükü kaynaklari, sorunları ve yönetilebilirliği [Public school principals workload resources, problems and manageability]. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 2(4), 345-364.
  • Demirtaş, H., & Özer, N. (2014). Okul müdürlerinin bakış açısıyla okul müdürlüğü [School principal from the perspective of school principals]. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 22(1), 1-24.
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School Principals’ Opinions on the Meaning and Sources of Workload

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 177 - 191, 15.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.657994

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to examine various factors affecting workload of principals including psychological effects and coping strategies. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 13 principals. Participants consisted of primary and secondary school principals in a province in the Western Black Sea Region, Turkey. According to the research, principals perceive workload as work that limits the time, they want to devote to improving education. Therefore, the main sources of workload were perceived as having to run errands at school, time pressure, human resource-based problems, unnecessary formal daily routines and high e-mail volume. Finally, it was found that principals’ coping strategies were not effective, and that workload caused work-family conflict, stress and emotional wear and tear. Thus, this research contributes to the theoretical framework related to workload. It is suggested to organize bureaucratic procedures in schools, share leadership, establish training programs for principals, raise awareness of principals on time management, and employ assistant principals and other technical personnel where there is staff shortage.

References

  • Adams, A., Lugsden, E., Chase, J., Arber, S., & Bond, S. (2000). Skill-mix changes and work intensification in nursing. Work, Employment & Society, 14(3), 541-555.
  • Ahuja, M. K., Chudoba, K. M., Kacmar, C. J., McKnight, D. H., & George, J. F. (2007). It road warriors: balancing work-family conflict, job autonomy, and work overload to mitigate turnover intentions. MIS Quarterly, 31(1), 1-17. doi:10.2307/25148778
  • Altun, S. A. (2011). Başarılı ilköğretim okulu müdürlerinin zaman yönetimi stratejileri [Time management strategies of successful primary school principals]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 4(4), 491-507.
  • Arar, K. (2014). Deputy-principals in Arab schools in Israel: An era of reform. International Journal of Educational Management, 28(1), 96-113. doi:10.1108/IJEM-01-2012-0003
  • Arar, K. (2018). How novice principals face the challenges of principalship in the Arab Education System in Israel. 45(6), 580-596. doi:10.1177/0894845317726392
  • Arar, K., Tamir, E., & Abu-Hussain, J. (2019). Understanding reforms, school reactions to major changes: The case of Israel. Journal of Educational Administration and History, 51(4), 402-418. doi:10.1080/00220620.2019.1624511
  • Aslanargun, E., & Bozkurt, S. (2012). Okul müdürlerinin okul yönetiminde karşılaştığı sorunlar [Problems faced by school principals in school management]. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 11(2), 349-368.
  • Aydın, A. (2016). Okul müdürlerinin bir haftasına genel bir bakış [An overview of one week of school principals]. (Master's thesis), Osmangazi University, Eskişehir.
  • Demirbilek, M., & Bakioğlu, A. (2019). Okul müdür yardımcılarının görevlerinden ayrılma nedenleri [Reasons of the assistant principals quitting their duties]. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 52(3), 739-771.
  • Ballet, K., & Kelchtermans, G. (2009). Struggling with workload: Primary teachers’ experience of intensification. Teaching Teacher Education Quarterly, 25(8), 1150-1157.
  • Baltacı, A. (2017). Okul müdürlerlerinin iş yükünün performans düzeylerine etkisi [Effect of workload on school principals' performance levels]. Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 101-121.
  • Berntson, E., Wallin, L., & Härenstam, A. (2012). Typical situations for managers in the Swedish Public Sector: Cluster analysis of working conditions using the job demands-resources model. International Public Management Journal, 15(1), 100-130. doi:10.1080/10967494.2012.684026
  • Bolat, O. (2011). İş yükü, iş kontrolü ve tükenmişlik ilişkisi [Workload, job control and burnout relationship]. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25(2), 87-101. Borg Mark, G. (1993). Occupational stress and job satisfaction among school sdministrators. Journal of Educational Administration, 31(1). doi:10.1108/09578239310024692
  • Bowling, N. A., Alarcon, G. M., Bragg, C. B., & Hartman, M. J. (2015). A meta-analytic examination of the potential correlates and consequences of workload. Work & Stress, 29(2), 95-113. doi:10.1080/02678373.2015.1033037
  • Bowling, N. A., & Kirkendall, C. (2012). Workload: A review of potential causes, consequences, and interventions. In J. Houdmont, S. Leka, & R. Sinclair (Eds.), Contemporary occupational health psychology: Global perspectives on research and practice (Vol. 2, pp. 221-238). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Brauckmann, S., Thiel, F., Kuper, H., Tarkian, J., & Schwarz, A.(2015). No time to manage? The trade-off between relevant tasks and actual priorities of school leaders in Germany. International Journal of Educational Management, 29(6), 749-765.
  • Caplan, R. D. (1971). Organizational stress and individual strain: A social-psychological study of risk factors in coronary heart disease among administrators, engineers, and scientists. Retrieved from https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19720005404
  • Cerit, Y., & Özdemir, T. (2015). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin iş yükü algıları ile işten ayrılma niyetleri arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between classroom teachers' workload perceptions and their intention to quit]. International Journal of Human Sciences, 12(2), 626-637.
  • Chesley, N. (2010). Technology use and employee assessments of work effectiveness, workload, and pace of life. Information, Communication Society, 13(4), 485-514.
  • Cooper, C. L., & Marshall, J. (1976). Occupational sources of stress: A review of the literature relating to coronary heart disease and mental ill health. Journal of occupational psychology, 49(1), 11-28.
  • Crawford, M. (2012). Novice head teachers in Scotland: Competing expectations. School Leadership & Management, 32(3), 279-290. doi:10.1080/13632434.2012.669365
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Los Angeles: Sage publications.
  • Curry, R., Jex, H., Levison, W., & Stassen, H. (1979). Final report of control engineering group. In N. Moray (Ed.), Mental workload (Vol. 8, pp. 235-252). Boston, MA: Springer.
  • Çelikten, M. (2004). Bir okul müdürünün günlüğü [Diary of a school principal]. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(1), 123-135.
  • Çınkır, S. (2010). Problems of primary school headteachers: Problem sources and support strategies. Elementary Education Online, 9(3), 1027-1036.
  • Day, A., Paquet, S., Scott, N., & Hambley, L. (2012). Perceived information and communication technology (ICT) demands on employee outcomes: The moderating effect of organizational ICT support. Journal of occupational health psychology, 17(4), 473-491. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029837
  • de Zwart, B. C., Frings-Dresen, M. H., & van Dijk, F. J. (1996). Physical workload and the ageing worker: a review of the literature. International archives of occupational environmental health, 68(1), 1-12.
  • Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Bulters, A. J. (2004). The loss spiral of work pressure, work–home interference and exhaustion: Reciprocal relations in a three-wave study. Journal of Vocational behavior, 64(1), 131-149.
  • Demirkasımoğu, N. (2015). Kamu okulu yöneticilerinin iş yükü kaynaklari, sorunları ve yönetilebilirliği [Public school principals workload resources, problems and manageability]. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 2(4), 345-364.
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There are 87 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Muhammet Emin Türkoğlu 0000-0003-3883-3414

Ramazan Cansoy 0000-0003-2768-9939

Publication Date June 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Türkoğlu, M. E., & Cansoy, R. (2020). School Principals’ Opinions on the Meaning and Sources of Workload. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 7(1), 177-191. https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.657994

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