The Determination of the Uniformity in Road Lighting Using Artificial Neural Networks

Abstract

To ensure that drivers can travel safely, it is necessary to provide good visibility conditions of the road lighting. Thanks to good road lighting, accident rates will decrease, pedestrians' safety will be increased and drivers will be able to travel comfortably. Road lighting standards are included in CIE's 115 “Recommendations for the Lighting of Roads for Motor and Pedestrian Traffic”. According to this standard, there are 6 different lighting classes according to the road definition. There are different lighting standards for each class. These are: average luminance (Lave), overall uniformity (U0), longitudinal uniformity (U1), disability glare (TI), lighting of surroundings (SR). Uniformity is a measurement of how equally light is distributed on the road. Overall uniformity ratio is of minimum luminance to mean luminance and longitudinal uniformity is the ratio of minimum luminance to maximum luminance. If the uniformity is good, all objects on the road can be easily seen by drivers. In this study, a new method was used to measure the uniformity of the road. Unlike classical methods, image processing and artificial intelligence techniques are used to calculate luminance and uniformity. The uniformity results of the test roads were examined to meet the standards according to the road class.

Keywords

• Road Lighting,Uniformity,Artificial Neural Network

References

1. A. K. Jägerbrand and J. Sjöbergh, "Effects of weather conditions, light conditions, and road lighting on vehicle speed," SpringerPlus, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 505, 2016.
2. M. T. Vaaja et al., "Mobile mapping of night-time road environment lighting conditions," Photogrammetric journal of Finland, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2018.
3. A. C. Sutandi and R. D. A. Pinem, "The application of road lighting standard towards sustainable transportation in large cities in Indonesia," Procedia engineering, vol. 171, pp. 1463-1471, 2017.
4. C. Publikacja, "CIE 115-2010: Lighting of roads for motor and pedestrian traffic," CIE, Vienna, 2010.
5. Road Lighting Calculations, 2019.
6. Z. Feng, Y. Luo, and Y. Han, "Design of LED freeform optical system for road lighting with high luminance/illuminance ratio," Optics express, vol. 18, no. 21, pp. 22020-22031, 2010.
7. M. Jackett and W. Frith, "Quantifying the impact of road lighting on road safety—A New Zealand Study," IATSS research, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 139-145, 2013.
8. M. Alrubaih, M. F. M. Zain, M. Alghoul, N. L. N. Ibrahim, M. Shameri, and O. Elayeb, "Research and development on aspects of daylighting fundamentals," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 21, pp. 494-505, 2013.

9. T. İnan, "An investigation on daylighting performance in educational institutions," Structural Survey, 2013.
10. A. Burton, H. Le Minh, Z. Ghasemlooy, and S. Rajbhandari, "A study of LED lumination uniformity with mobility for visible light communications," in 2012 international workshop on optical wireless communications (IWOW), 2012, pp. 1-3: IEEE.
11. A. Galatioto and M. Beccali, "Aspects and issues of daylighting assessment: A review study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 66, pp. 852-860, 2016.
12. S. Carlucci, F. Causone, F. De Rosa, and L. Pagliano, "A review of indices for assessing visual comfort with a view to their use in optimization processes to support building integrated design," Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, vol. 47, pp. 1016-1033, 2015.
13. M. Güner and A. A. İlleez, "Konfeksiyon İşletmeleri Kalite Kontrol Departmanlarındaki Aydınlatma Seviyeleri," presented at the IV. Ulusal Aydınlatma Sempozyumu, İzmir, Türkiye, 2007.
14. S. Coşkuner and H. Öztop "FARKLI KULLANIM ALANLARININ AYDINLATILMASI: VERİMLİLİK VE TEMEL İLKELER," Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyolojik Araştırmalar E-Dergisi, pp. 1-20, 2016.
15. X. Hu and K. Qian, "Optimal design of optical system for LED road lighting with high illuminance and luminance uniformity," Applied optics, vol. 52, no. 24, pp. 5888-5893, 2013.
16. K. W. Houser, M. Wei, and M. P. Royer, "Illuminance uniformity of outdoor sports lighting," Leukos, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 221-235, 2011.
17. M. Kayakuş and I. Üncü, "Research note: the measurement of road lighting with developed artificial intelligence software," Lighting Research & Technology, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 969-977, 2019.