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Immunological parameters examination of the oral fluid in normal and pathological conditions: sensitivity analysis of microorganisms in modern therapeutic practice in vitro

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 123 - 127, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.1011762

Abstract

Inflammation of the mucosal immune system is a common occurrence (saliva). The masticatory process and salivary enzymes destroy antigenic material that enters the mouth cavity, yet it can still activate immunological responses. Many soluble components are secreted by epithelial cells or incorporated into oral cavity fluids. Defensins, histatins, lysozyme, and lactoferrin all have antibacterial action. They appear to work synergistically with secretory IgA. The objectives of this study is to examine the immunological parameters (concentration of total IgA and secretory IgA) of the oral fluid of the examined individuals in normal and pathological conditions; and to identify the sensitivity/resistance of microorganisms-the main representatives of the oral microflora to antimicrobial drugs widely used in modern therapeutic practice (antibiotics) in vitro. To achieve the study's goals, 65 individuals aged 18 to 50 were evaluated. To measure secretory IgA in oral fluid, we used a solid-phase immunoassay and a ZAO Vector Best sIgA ELISA BEST strip. The "secretory IgA-ELISA" reagent collection is designed to quantify secretory IgA in body fluids using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measures secretory IgA. The t-test was used to assess the significance of differences across indicator groups. Results indicated that amount of total IgA in oral fluid is significantly lower in people with dental and periodontal problems than in people who are healthy. This indicates a decrease in oral cavity resistance and an increase in carious/periodontal processes. Caries and/or periodontal disease have been linked to lgA deficiency. The results showed that staphylococci and streptococci dominated the oral cavity microbiota in the comparison groups. In addition to this, Neisseria and Veillonella were found. Streptococci accounted for 57 percent of all microorganisms planted in this biotope. Enterobacteria accounted for up to 15%, whereas Neisseria accounted for about 4% and 2%. The decrease in sIgA levels in periodontitis patients' saliva indicates a lack of local mucous membrane protection, increasing the risk of caries and periodontitis. The lower sIgA levels in the mouth make tooth tissue more susceptible to caries-causing microbe adherence than in healthy people.

References

  • [1] Mestecky, J., McGhee, J. R., Michalek, S. M., Arnold, R. R., Crago, S. S., & Babb, J. L. (1978). Concept of the local and common mucosal immune response. In Secretory immunity and infection (pp. 185-192). Springer, Boston, MA.‏
  • [2] Mestecky, J. I. R. I., McGhee, J. R., Arnold, R. R., Michalek, S. M., Prince, S. J., & Babb, J. L. (1978). Selective induction of an immune response in human external secretions by ingestion of bacterial antigen. The Journal of clinical investigation, 61(3), 731-737.‏
  • [3] Aps, J. K., & Martens, L. C. (2005). The physiology of saliva and transfer of drugs into saliva. Forensic science international, 150(2-3), 119-131.‏
  • [4] Chiappin, S., Antonelli, G., Gatti, R., & Elio, F. (2007). Saliva specimen: a new laboratory tool for diagnostic and basic investigation. Clinica chimica acta, 383(1-2), 30-40.‏
  • [5] Wu, Z., Lee, S., Abrams, W., Weissman, D., & Malamud, D. (2006). The N-terminal SRCR-SID domain of gp-340 interacts with HIV type 1 gp120 sequences and inhibits viral infection. AIDS Research & Human Retroviruses, 22(6), 508-515.‏
  • [6] Stoddard, E., Cannon, G., Ni, H., Karikó, K., Capodici, J., Malamud, D., & Weissman, D. (2007). gp340 expressed on human genital epithelia binds HIV-1 envelope protein and facilitates viral transmission. The Journal of Immunology, 179(5), 3126-3132.‏
  • [7] Mandel, I. D. (1990). The diagnostic uses of saliva. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 19(3), 119-125.‏
  • [8] Streckfus, C. F., & Bigler, L. R. (2002). Saliva as a diagnostic fluid. Oral diseases, 8(2), 69-76.‏
  • [9] Nagler, R. M., Salameh, F., Reznick, A. Z., Livshits, V., & Nahir, A. M. (2003). Salivary gland involvement in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship to induced oxidative stress. Rheumatology, 42(10), 1234-1241.‏
  • [10] Humphrey, S. P., & Williamson, R. T. (2001). A review of saliva: normal composition, flow, and function. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 85(2), 162-169.‏
  • [11] Saloom, H. F., & Carpenter, G. H. (2018). Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid: Contributions to Mucosal Defense. In Oral Mucosa in Health and Disease (pp. 91-103). Springer, Cham.‏
Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 123 - 127, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.1011762

Abstract

References

  • [1] Mestecky, J., McGhee, J. R., Michalek, S. M., Arnold, R. R., Crago, S. S., & Babb, J. L. (1978). Concept of the local and common mucosal immune response. In Secretory immunity and infection (pp. 185-192). Springer, Boston, MA.‏
  • [2] Mestecky, J. I. R. I., McGhee, J. R., Arnold, R. R., Michalek, S. M., Prince, S. J., & Babb, J. L. (1978). Selective induction of an immune response in human external secretions by ingestion of bacterial antigen. The Journal of clinical investigation, 61(3), 731-737.‏
  • [3] Aps, J. K., & Martens, L. C. (2005). The physiology of saliva and transfer of drugs into saliva. Forensic science international, 150(2-3), 119-131.‏
  • [4] Chiappin, S., Antonelli, G., Gatti, R., & Elio, F. (2007). Saliva specimen: a new laboratory tool for diagnostic and basic investigation. Clinica chimica acta, 383(1-2), 30-40.‏
  • [5] Wu, Z., Lee, S., Abrams, W., Weissman, D., & Malamud, D. (2006). The N-terminal SRCR-SID domain of gp-340 interacts with HIV type 1 gp120 sequences and inhibits viral infection. AIDS Research & Human Retroviruses, 22(6), 508-515.‏
  • [6] Stoddard, E., Cannon, G., Ni, H., Karikó, K., Capodici, J., Malamud, D., & Weissman, D. (2007). gp340 expressed on human genital epithelia binds HIV-1 envelope protein and facilitates viral transmission. The Journal of Immunology, 179(5), 3126-3132.‏
  • [7] Mandel, I. D. (1990). The diagnostic uses of saliva. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 19(3), 119-125.‏
  • [8] Streckfus, C. F., & Bigler, L. R. (2002). Saliva as a diagnostic fluid. Oral diseases, 8(2), 69-76.‏
  • [9] Nagler, R. M., Salameh, F., Reznick, A. Z., Livshits, V., & Nahir, A. M. (2003). Salivary gland involvement in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship to induced oxidative stress. Rheumatology, 42(10), 1234-1241.‏
  • [10] Humphrey, S. P., & Williamson, R. T. (2001). A review of saliva: normal composition, flow, and function. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 85(2), 162-169.‏
  • [11] Saloom, H. F., & Carpenter, G. H. (2018). Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid: Contributions to Mucosal Defense. In Oral Mucosa in Health and Disease (pp. 91-103). Springer, Cham.‏
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Abdulrazaq Mohammad Sabah 0000-0003-1737-2874

Ikonnikova Natalıya This is me 0000-0003-1737-2874

Publication Date November 30, 2021
Submission Date October 18, 2021
Acceptance Date November 7, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Sabah, A. M., & Natalıya, I. (2021). Immunological parameters examination of the oral fluid in normal and pathological conditions: sensitivity analysis of microorganisms in modern therapeutic practice in vitro. International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering, 7(3), 123-127. https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.1011762