Investigation of Some Yield and Quality Characteristics of Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) Grown in Different Plant Density and Row Orientation

Abstract

This research was carried out to examine the yield and quality characteristics of sunflowers grown in different plant density and row orientation in the trial fields of Uludag University Mustafakemalpasa Vocational School during 2011 and 2012 years. Two row orientations (East-West= E-W and North-South= N-S) and three plant densities (D1= 2.5, D2= 3.8, D3= 7.7 plant m^-2) were studied on variety Sanay of sunflower. The effect of row orientation on seed and oil yields and quality traits was generally minor, but values of seed and oil yield in E-W orientation were approximately 5% greater than N-S orientation in 2011. Increased plant density significantly increased seed yield, oil yield, the rates of sunlight absorbed by crop and plant height, and significantly decreased head diameter, the number of seed per head, seed weight per head and 1000 seed weight.  The effect of experimental treatments on fatty acids of sunflower was generally minor; however, the highest palmitic acid content was determined from treatment D2. According to the obtained results, considering the decrease in some yield traits, the E-W row orientation and a 7.7 plant m^-2 plant density can be recommended for sunflower cultivation.

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