A retrospective evaluation of the morphologic features of the glenoid fossa using cone beam computed tomography

Abstract

Background The aim of this study is to examine the morphologic features of the glenoid fossa according to age and gender. Materials and Methods CBCT images of 764 temporomandibular joints (TMJ) were analyzed retrospectively. The shape of the glenoid fossa was examined in four groups as deformed, flattened, sigmoid and box. These groups were evaluated separately for both sexes and for five separate decades. Results Sigmoid and flattened shaped glenoid fossa were more common in men, and box shaped glenoid fossa was more common in women (p<0.05). The sigmoid shape was observed in the 30-39 age range, the box shape was observed in the 40-49 age range, and the flattened and deformed shape in the 60-69 age range was significantly higher (p<0.05). Conclusions While the sigmoid shape of the glenoid fossa is common in men, the box shape is more common in women. Deformed and flattened shapes increased with age. The box shape of the glenoid fossa may be a predisposing factor for disc displacement in women. Flattened and deformed forms can be interpreted as different forms of the bone remodeling process.

Keywords

• shape of the glenoid fossa
• cone beam CT
• temporomandibular joint
• oral radiology
• anatomy

References

1. 1. Al-koshab M, Nambiar P, John J. Assessment of condyle and glenoid fossa morphology using CBCT in South-East Asians. PloS one. 2015;10(3):e0121682. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
2. 2. Hegde S, Praveen BN, Shetty SR. Morphological and radiological variations of mandibular condyles in health and diseases: a systematic review. Dentistry. 2013;3:154. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
3. 3. Alhammadi MS, Shafey AS, Fayed MS, Mostafa YA. Temporomandibular joint measurements in normal occlusion: a three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography analysis. J World Fed Orthod. 2014;3:155–162. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
4. 4. Alomar X, Medrano J, Cabratosa J, Clavero JA, Lorente M, Serra I, Monill JM, Salvador A. Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2007;28:170–183.
5. 5. Sargon MF. Anatomi akıl notları. Güneş Tıp Kitapevleri Ankara; 2016.
6. 6. Standring S. Gray’s anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015.
7. 7. Okeson JP. Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion. 6 edn. Elsevier Health Sciences, St. Louis; 2008.
8. 8. Ocak M, Sargon MF, Orhan K, Bilecenoglu B, Geneci F, Uzuner MB. Evaluation of the anatomical measurements of the temporomandibular joint by cone-beam computed tomography. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2019;78:174–181. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682

9. 9. Zhang LZ, Meng SS, He DM, Fu YZ, Liu T, Wang FY, Dong MJ, Chang YS. Three-dimensional measurement and cluster analysis for determining the size ranges of chinese temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e2897. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
10. 10. Sülün T, Cemgil T, Duc JM, Rammelsberg P, Jäger L, Gernet W. Morphology of the mandibular fossa and inclination of the articular eminence inpatients with internal derangement and in symptom-free volunteers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;92:98-107.
11. 11. Atkinson WB, Bates RE Jr. The effects of the angle of the articular eminence on anterior disk displacement. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;49:554-555. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
12. 12. Hall MB, Gibbs CC, Sclar AG. Association between the prominence of the articular eminence and displaced TMJ disks. Cranio. 1985;3:237-239. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
13. 13. Arieta-Miranda JM, Silva-Valencia M, Flores-Mir C, Paredes Sampen NA, Arriola- Guillen LE. Spatial analysis of condyle position according to sagittal skeletal relationship, assessed by cone beam computed tomography. Prog Orthod. 2013;14:36. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
14. 14. Okeson, JP. Temporomandibular disorders and occlusion. 4th edn. St. Louis: Mosby, Inc;1995.
15. 15. Tanrisever S, Orhan M, Bahsi I, Yalcin ED. Anatomical evaluation of the craniovertebral junction on cone-beam computed tomography images. Surg Radiol Anat. 2020;42:797–815. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
16. 16. Bahsi I, Orhan M, Kervancioglu P, Yalcin ED, Aktan AM. Anatomical evaluation of nasopalatine canal on cone beam computed tomography images. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2019;78:153–162. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
17. 17. Paknahad M, Shahidi S, Akhlaghian M, Abolvardi M. Is mandibular fossa morphology and articular eminence inclination associated with temporomandibular dysfunction?. Journal of Dentistry. 2016;17(2):134.
18. 18. Kurita H, Ohtsuka A, Kobayashi H, Kurashina K. Is the morphology of the articular eminence of the temporomandibular joint a predisposing factor for disc displacement?. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 2000;29(3):159-162. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
19. 19. Gray R, Al-Ani Z. Temporomandibular disorders: a problem-based approach. Wiley, New York; 2011.
20. 20. White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology-E-Book: principles and interpretation. Elsevier Health Sciences, New York; 2014.
21. 21. Brooks SL, Brand JW, Gibbs SJ, Hollender L, Lurie AG, Omnell KA, Westesson PL, White SC. Imaging of the temporomandibular joint: a position paper of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997;83:609–618. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
22. 22. Kiliç SC, Kiliç N, Sümbüllü MA. Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: Cone beam computed tomography findings, clinical features, and correlations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44(10):1268–1274. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
23. 23. Palconet G, Ludlow JB, Tyndall DA, Lim PF. Correlating cone beam CT results with temporomandibular joint pain of osteoarthritic origin. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2020;41(2):126–130. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
24. 24. Moffett Jr BC, Johnson LC, McCabe JB, Askew HC. Articular remodeling in the adult human temporomandibular joint. American Journal of Anatomy. 1964;115(1):119-141. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
25. 25. Conte R, Gracco AL, Bruno G, De Stefani A. Condylar dysfunctional remodeling and recortication: a case-control study. Minerva stomatologica. 2019;68(2):74-83. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
26. 26. Kurita H, Ohtsuka A, Kobayashi H, Kurashina K. Flattening of the articular eminence correlates with progressive internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 2000;29(5):277-279. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682.
27. 27. Phillips JM, Gatchel RJ, Wesley AL, ELLIS III EDWARD. Clinical implications of sex in acute temporomandibular disorders. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2001;132(1):49-57. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
28. 28. Schmid-Schwap M, Bristela M, Kundi M, Piehslinger E. Sex-specific differences in patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Orofac Pain. 2013;27(1):42-50. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682
29. 29. Botelho AP, de Arruda Veiga MCF. Influence of sex on temporomandibular disorder pain: a review of occurrence and development. Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences. 2008;7(26):1631-1635. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121682