Therapeutic and Regenerative Applications of Propolis in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Current Review

Halil İbrahim Durmuş; Kağan Fatih Kuşan; Tevfik Kızılseki; Karahan Uçar

doi:10.61139/ijdor.1803201

Therapeutic and Regenerative Applications of Propolis in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Current Review

Abstract

Abstract Objective: This narrative review evaluates the therapeutic and regenerative uses of propolis in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS), together with its chemical composition, biological effects, and clinical potential. Materials and Methods: Experimental, clinical, and review studies published between 2000 and 2025 were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using the terms “propolis,” “oral surgery,” “bone regeneration,” “MRONJ,” “implant,” and “wound healing.” Results: Propolis—rich in flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids—supports oral wound healing and bone regeneration via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial mechanisms. Preclinical and limited clinical data report accelerated epithelialization, enhanced osteogenic activity in bone defects, reduced peri-implant inflammation, and a potential protective effect against MRONJ. However, geographic/botanical variability in composition highlights the need for clinical standardization. Conclusion: Propolis is generally well tolerated and exhibits multimodal biological activity, with supportive potential in OMFS for wound healing, bone regeneration, and infection control. Confirmation of clinical efficacy and formulation standardization requires multicenter advanced-phase trials. Keywords: Propolis; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Bone Regeneration; MRONJ; Wound Healing; Dental Implant.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Dentistry (Other)

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Halil İbrahim Durmuş ^*
0000-0003-4762-4788
Türkiye

Kağan Fatih Kuşan
0009-0007-0080-8703
Türkiye

Tevfik Kızılseki
0009-0009-8173-0550
Türkiye

Karahan Uçar
0009-0002-0656-2437
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

October 14, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 25, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 5 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.61139/ijdor.1803201

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA26PC84CE

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Durmuş, H. İ., Kuşan, K. F., Kızılseki, T., & Uçar, K. (2025). Therapeutic and Regenerative Applications of Propolis in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Current Review. HRU International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Research, 5(3), 227-234. https://doi.org/10.61139/ijdor.1803201

AMA

1.Durmuş Hİ, Kuşan KF, Kızılseki T, Uçar K. Therapeutic and Regenerative Applications of Propolis in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Current Review. HRU Int J Dent Oral Res. 2025;5(3):227-234. doi:10.61139/ijdor.1803201

Chicago

Durmuş, Halil İbrahim, Kağan Fatih Kuşan, Tevfik Kızılseki, and Karahan Uçar. 2025. “Therapeutic and Regenerative Applications of Propolis in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Current Review”. HRU International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Research 5 (3): 227-34. https://doi.org/10.61139/ijdor.1803201.

EndNote

Durmuş Hİ, Kuşan KF, Kızılseki T, Uçar K (December 1, 2025) Therapeutic and Regenerative Applications of Propolis in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Current Review. HRU International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Research 5 3 227–234.

IEEE

[1]H. İ. Durmuş, K. F. Kuşan, T. Kızılseki, and K. Uçar, “Therapeutic and Regenerative Applications of Propolis in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Current Review”, HRU Int J Dent Oral Res, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 227–234, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.61139/ijdor.1803201.

ISNAD

Durmuş, Halil İbrahim - Kuşan, Kağan Fatih - Kızılseki, Tevfik - Uçar, Karahan. “Therapeutic and Regenerative Applications of Propolis in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Current Review”. HRU International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Research 5/3 (December 1, 2025): 227-234. https://doi.org/10.61139/ijdor.1803201.

JAMA

1.Durmuş Hİ, Kuşan KF, Kızılseki T, Uçar K. Therapeutic and Regenerative Applications of Propolis in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Current Review. HRU Int J Dent Oral Res. 2025;5:227–234.

MLA

Durmuş, Halil İbrahim, et al. “Therapeutic and Regenerative Applications of Propolis in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Current Review”. HRU International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Research, vol. 5, no. 3, Dec. 2025, pp. 227-34, doi:10.61139/ijdor.1803201.

Vancouver

1.Halil İbrahim Durmuş, Kağan Fatih Kuşan, Tevfik Kızılseki, Karahan Uçar. Therapeutic and Regenerative Applications of Propolis in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Current Review. HRU Int J Dent Oral Res. 2025 Dec. 1;5(3):227-34. doi:10.61139/ijdor.1803201