Blood Flow Restriction Exercises (BFR) an Effect on Strength Rehabilitation and Muscle Atrophy for Patients with Multiple Femur Fractures Aged 40-50 Years

Year 2024, , 86 - 93, 25.01.2024

Bashar Banwan Hasan , Ruqaia Awed

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1354715

Cited By: 3

Abstract

The present study examined the effect of rehabilitation exercises with BFR in improving muscle strength, thigh muscle hypertrophy, and knee joint flexibility for those with double fractures in the lower body. Methods: 6 volunteer subjects (average age 44 (40–50) years) were randomized into one group that trained in restriction of blood flow period eight weeks. Participants were familiar with all testing and exercise protocols before starting the study. Rehabilitation exercises with BFR were done before and after—form for each player to record the sequence measurements. Quadriceps circumference measurement (cm), the range of motion of the knee joint, and Quadriceps muscle strength measurement were performed on the participants. Independent samples t-test was used to compare the scores obtained from the measurements according to categorical variables. The significance level was determined as P 0.05. Results: Thigh circumference (cm) There was a significant increase in thigh circumference from before the experiment (41.17 cm) to after the investigation (45.33 cm) (p<0,001). There's a remarkable development in post-test measurements (13.97 kg), (p<0,000) compared to pre-test measurements (8.83 kg), indicating an improvement in quadriceps strength. Hamstring strength (kg) in the post-test measurement (10.17 kg) demonstrated a remarkable development compared to the pre-test measurement (7.5 kg) (p<0,003). The post-test measurement (24.5 degrees) showed significant development compared to the pre-test measurement (60.83 degrees) (p<0,000), suggesting an improvement in the range of motion of the flexed knee joint. In conclusion, it shows that blood flow restriction is a safe and effective treatment for people with multiple fractures.

Keywords

BFR training, rehabilitation, strength, muscular atrophy

References

• Abe, T., Loenneke, J. P., Fahs, C. A., Rossow, L. M., Thiebaud, R. S., and Bemben, M. G. (2012). Exercise intensity and muscle hypertrophy in blood flow restricted limbs and non-restricted muscles: a brief review. Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging 32, 247–252. [PubMed]
• American College of Sports Medicine (2009). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc ;41(03):687–708. [PubMed]
• Anderson, AB., Owens, JG., Patterson, SD., Dickens, JF., LeClere, LE. (2019). Blood flow restriction therapy: from development to applications. Sports Med Arthrosc Res;27(3):119-123.doi: [CrossRef]
• Ardern, CL,. Webster, KE,. Taylor, NF. and Feller, JA. (2011). Return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the state of play. Br J Sports Med;45:596. [PubMed]
• Bandinelli, S., Benvenuti, E., Del Lungo, I., et al. (1999). Measuring muscular strength of the lower limbs by hand-held dynamometer: a standard protocol. Aging Clin Exp Res ;11(5):287-93. [PubMed]
• Hassan, B. B. (2019). Sports injuries and modern rehabilitation techniques. Al-Mizan Press, Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf.‏ ISBN: 978-9922-20-373-7.
• Brandner, CR., Clarkson, MJ., Kidgell, DJ. and Warmington, SA. (2019). Muscular Adaptations to Whole Body Blood Flow Restriction Training and Detraining. Front. Physiol. [PubMed]
• de Mille, P. And Osmak, J. (2017). Performance: Bridging the gap after ACL surgery. Curr RevMusculoskelet Med;10(3):297-306., 2019. [PubMed]
• Fujita, S., Abe, T., Drummond, MJ., Cadenas, JG., Hans C. Dreyer, HC., Sato, Y., Volpi, E.and Rasmussen, BB. (2007). Blood flow restriction during low-intensity resistance exercise increases S6K1phosphorylation and muscle protein synthesis. J Appl Physiol, 103: 903–910. [PubMed]
• Jacobson, J., Chaltron, C., Sherman, D., & Glaviano, N. R. (2020). Blood Flow Restriction Training in Clinical Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation: A Critically Appraised Paper. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training, 25(6), 303-306.‏ [PubMed]
• Hasan, BB. and Hasan, AA.(2022). Effect of using rubber band and kinesio taping as a rehabilitation program to treat gymnasium players with chronic shoulder pain: randomized trial. Revısta Iberoamerıcana De Psıcología Del Ejercıcıo Y El Deporte Vol. 17 nº 3 pp. 146-149.
• Hughes, L, and Patterson, SD. (2019). Low intensity blood flow restriction exercise: Rationale for a hypoalgesia effect. Med Hypotheses;132:109370. [PubMed]
• Hughes, L., Paton, B., Rosenblatt, B., Gissane, C. and Patterson, SD. (2017). Blood flow restriction training in clinical musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med;51(13):1003-1011. [PubMed]
• Loenneke, J. P., Thiebaud, R. S., Abe, T., & Bemben, M. G. (2014). Blood flow restriction pressure recommendations: the hormesis hypothesis. Medical hypotheses, 82(5), 623-626.‏ [PubMed]
• Lepley, LK,. Davi, SM,. Burland, JP,. Lepley, AS. (2020). Muscle atrophy after ACL injury: Implications for clinical practice. Sports Health;12:579-586. [PubMed]
• Mujika, I., and Padilla, S. (2000). Detraining: loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations. Sports Med. 30, 79–87. [PubMed]
• Patterson, S. D., and Brandner, C. R. (2017). The role of blood flow restriction training for applied practitioners: a questionnaire-based survey. J. Sports Sci. 36, 123–130. [PubMed]
• Pereira, LC., Rwkabayiza, S., Lécureux, E. and Jolles, BM. (2017). The knee smartphone application goniometer is a more reliable tool than the standard goniometer in acute orthopaedic settings. J Knee Surg; 30(03): 223-230. [PubMed]
• Petrick, HL., Pignanelli, C., Barbeau, PA., Churchward-Venne, TA., Dennis, KM.J.H., van Loon, LJC., JBurr, JF., Goossens, GH., Holloway, GP. (2019). Blood flow restricted resistance exercise and reductions in oxygen tension attenuate mitochondrial H2O2 emission rates in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol;597(15):3985-3997. [PubMed]
• Ohta H, Kurosawa H, Ikeda H, Iwase Y, Satou N, Nakamura S. (2003). Low-load resistance muscular training with moderate restriction of blood flow after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Acta Orthop Scand;74(1):62-68.2019. [PubMed]
• Otman, S., Demirel, H., (1995). Sade A. Basic Evaluation Principles in Treatment Movements, Hacettepe University Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Publications, Ankara, 49-57s.
• Scott, B.R., Loenneke, J. P., Slattery, K. M., and Dascombe, B. J. (2014). Exercise with blood flow restriction: an updated evidence-based approach for enhanced muscular development. Sports Med. 45, 313–325. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0288-281
• Sgromolo, NM., Cancio, JM. and Rhee, PC. (2020). Safety and Efficacy of Blood Flow Restriction Therapy after Operative Management of Distal Radius Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Wrist Surg;9:345–352. [PubMed]
• Sundberg CJ. (2004). Exercise and training during graded leg ischaemia in healthy man with special reference to effects on skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl;615:1-50. [PubMed]