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The Effect of Diaphragm Awareness Exercise on Flow Experience and 1-min Paced Deep Breathing Assessment

Year 2023, , 297 - 304, 25.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1357553

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effect of diaphragm awareness exercise on flow experience and 1-minute paced deep breathing assessment. A total of 17 university students, seven males and ten females, aged 20.641.5 years, participated in the study voluntarily. The convenience sampling method was used in the study. The study is a single group, Pre-Post test design. Personal information form, 1-min Paced Deep Breathing measurement, and " Flow State Questionnaire " to determine flow experiences were used as data collection tools in the pre-test. Diaphragm awareness exercise were performed ones a week for eight weeks. In the post-test, the procedure applied in the pre-test was applied. According to the findings, significant differences were observed in SDNN (p= .035), Balance (p= .013), Concentration (p= .023), and flow (p= .009) of the study group after the diaphragm awareness exercise (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in MHRR, RMSSD, and Coherence parameters (p>0.05). In conclusion, Diaphragm awareness exercises increases heart rate variability. It also positively affects the flow experience by increasing balance and concentration on work.

References

  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. and Larson, R. (2014). Flow and the foundations of positive psychology. Publisher: Springer; p 81-147
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2022). Flow, The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Ankara: Buzdağı Publishing. p.3-117 Doğan, O. (2005). Sports Psychology. Nobel Publishing. Adana
  • Eckberg, DL. (2003). Topical Review: The human respiratory gate. The Journal of Physiology; 548(2), 339-352.
  • Edwards, S. (2005). A psychology of breathing methods. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion; 7(4), 30-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623730.2005.9721958
  • Edwards, S. D. (2008). Breath psychology: fundamentals and applications. Psychology and Developing Societies; 20(2), 131-164. https://doi.org/10.1177/097133360802000201
  • Ergen, E., Demirel, H., Güner, R., Turnagöl, H., Başoğlu, S., Zergeroğlu, AM., Ülkar, B. And Hazır, T. (2011). Exercise Physiology Textbook. Nobel Publishing. Ankara, p. 70
  • Eryılmaz, G. (2018) Relationship Between Flow Experiences, Positive and Negative Emotional State, Self Efficacy, Life Satisfaction Participants in Recreative Activities. Doctoral Thesis, Mersin University, Institute of Social Sciences, Mersin, Turkey.
  • Freeman, JV., Dewey, FE., Hadley, DM., Myers, J. And Froelicher, VF. (2006). Autonomic nervous system ınteraction with the cardiovascular system during exercise. Proggress in Cardiovascular Diseases; 48:342-62.
  • Hunt, M., Rajagopal, T., Cerecino, F. And O’Neil, M. (2021). Mindful versus diaphragmatic breathing: Spirituality moderates the impact on heart rate variability. Mindfulness; 12, 2743-2753.
  • Khazan, IZ. (2013). The Clinical Handbook Of Biofeedback: A Step-By-Step Guide For Training And Practice With Mindfulness. John Wiley & Sons, E-book.
  • MacLean, B. And Psych, R. (2004). The heart and the breath of love. Biofeedback; 32(4), 21-25.
  • Magyaródi, T., Nagy, H., Soltész, P., Mózes, T. And Oláh, A. (2013). Psychometric properties of a newly established flow state questionnaire. The Journal of Happiness & WellBeing; 1(2), 85-96.
  • Magyaródi, T. And Oláh, A. (2015). A cross-sectional survey study about the most common solitary and social flow activities to extend the concept of optimal experience. Europe's Journal of Psychology; 11(4), 632.
  • McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., Tomasino, D. And Bradley, R. T. (2009). The coherent heart heart-braininteractions,psychophysiological coherence, and the emergence of system-wide order. Integral Review: A Transdisciplinary & Transcultural Journal for New Thought, Research, & Praxis; 5(2).
  • McCraty, R., Atkinson, M. And Dispenza, J. (2021). One-Minute Deep Breathing Assessment and its Relationship to 24-Hour HRV Measurements. Biofeedback, 49(2), 27-37.
  • Moss, D. (2004). Heart rate variability and biofeedback. Psychophysiology Today: The Magazine for Mind-Body Medicine; 1, 4-11.
  • Orhun, B. N. And Gülcan, B., (2022). Bibliometric analysis of Csikszentmıhalyi's flow theory in tourism and recreation. Journal of Gastronomy, Hospitality and Travel; 5(3).
  • Önder, Ö. (2019). 365 Gün Nefes (365 Days of Breathing). Kuraldışı Publishing. İstanbul
  • Öner, Ç. (2022). The determinative role of athletic mental energy and mindfulness in the flow experience of football players, International Journal of Education Technology and Scientific Researches; 7(20), 2052-2085. Pehlivan, F. (2015). Biophysics. Pelikan Publishing, p: 267-271
  • Rocha, HM., de Souza, HCM., Viana, R., Neves, VR. And De Andrade, AD. (2020). Immediate effects of rib mobilization and diaphragm release techniques on cardiac autonomic control in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine; 19(3), 167-174.
  • Schipke, JD, Pelzer, M. And Arnold, G. (1999). Effect of respiration rate on short-term heart rate variability. J Clin Basic Cardiol; 2, 92-4
  • Schwartz, MS. And Andrasik, F. (2017). (Eds.). Biofeedback: A Practitioner's Guide. Guilford Publications.
  • Shaffer, F. And Ginsberg, JP. (2017). An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms. Frontiers in public health; 258.
  • Shields, RW. (2009). Heart rate variability with deep breathing as a clinical test of cardiovagal function. Cleve Clin J Med; 76(Suppl 2), S37-40.
  • Six Dijkstra, M., Soer, R., Bieleman, A., McCraty, R., Oosterveld, F., Gross, D. And Reneman, M. (2019). Exploring a 1-minute paced deep-breathing measurement of heart rate variability as part of a workers’ health assessment. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback; 44, 83-96.
  • Subbalakshmi, N. K., Adhikari, P. And Shanmugavel Jeganathan, P. (2014). Comparative study on cardiac autonomic modulation during deep breathing test and diaphragmatic breathing in type 2 diabetes and healthy subjects. Journal of Diabetes Investigation; 5(4), 456-463.
  • Tiryaki, Ş. (2000). Sports Psychology: Concepts, Theories and Practice. Eylül Publishing. Tripska, K., Draessler, J. And Pokladnikova, J. (2022). Heart rate variability, perceived stress and willingness to seek counselling in undergraduate students. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 160, 110972.
  • Turgut, T. And Ümmet, D. (2021). The mediating role of autotelic personality in the relationship between motivation regulation and flow experience in adults. Pamukkale University Journal of Education (PUJE); 1-23.
  • Uz-Baş, A. (2019). Adaptation of Flow State Questionnaire Into Turkish, Validity and Reliability Study. I. International Science, Education, Art & Technology Symposium (s.1374-1379). İzmir, Turkey.
  • Wessling, J. (2022). Optimal Experience: The Relationship Between Flow, Psychological Richness And Well-Being. Bachelor's Thesis, University of Twente. Holland .
Year 2023, , 297 - 304, 25.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1357553

Abstract

References

  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. and Larson, R. (2014). Flow and the foundations of positive psychology. Publisher: Springer; p 81-147
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2022). Flow, The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Ankara: Buzdağı Publishing. p.3-117 Doğan, O. (2005). Sports Psychology. Nobel Publishing. Adana
  • Eckberg, DL. (2003). Topical Review: The human respiratory gate. The Journal of Physiology; 548(2), 339-352.
  • Edwards, S. (2005). A psychology of breathing methods. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion; 7(4), 30-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623730.2005.9721958
  • Edwards, S. D. (2008). Breath psychology: fundamentals and applications. Psychology and Developing Societies; 20(2), 131-164. https://doi.org/10.1177/097133360802000201
  • Ergen, E., Demirel, H., Güner, R., Turnagöl, H., Başoğlu, S., Zergeroğlu, AM., Ülkar, B. And Hazır, T. (2011). Exercise Physiology Textbook. Nobel Publishing. Ankara, p. 70
  • Eryılmaz, G. (2018) Relationship Between Flow Experiences, Positive and Negative Emotional State, Self Efficacy, Life Satisfaction Participants in Recreative Activities. Doctoral Thesis, Mersin University, Institute of Social Sciences, Mersin, Turkey.
  • Freeman, JV., Dewey, FE., Hadley, DM., Myers, J. And Froelicher, VF. (2006). Autonomic nervous system ınteraction with the cardiovascular system during exercise. Proggress in Cardiovascular Diseases; 48:342-62.
  • Hunt, M., Rajagopal, T., Cerecino, F. And O’Neil, M. (2021). Mindful versus diaphragmatic breathing: Spirituality moderates the impact on heart rate variability. Mindfulness; 12, 2743-2753.
  • Khazan, IZ. (2013). The Clinical Handbook Of Biofeedback: A Step-By-Step Guide For Training And Practice With Mindfulness. John Wiley & Sons, E-book.
  • MacLean, B. And Psych, R. (2004). The heart and the breath of love. Biofeedback; 32(4), 21-25.
  • Magyaródi, T., Nagy, H., Soltész, P., Mózes, T. And Oláh, A. (2013). Psychometric properties of a newly established flow state questionnaire. The Journal of Happiness & WellBeing; 1(2), 85-96.
  • Magyaródi, T. And Oláh, A. (2015). A cross-sectional survey study about the most common solitary and social flow activities to extend the concept of optimal experience. Europe's Journal of Psychology; 11(4), 632.
  • McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., Tomasino, D. And Bradley, R. T. (2009). The coherent heart heart-braininteractions,psychophysiological coherence, and the emergence of system-wide order. Integral Review: A Transdisciplinary & Transcultural Journal for New Thought, Research, & Praxis; 5(2).
  • McCraty, R., Atkinson, M. And Dispenza, J. (2021). One-Minute Deep Breathing Assessment and its Relationship to 24-Hour HRV Measurements. Biofeedback, 49(2), 27-37.
  • Moss, D. (2004). Heart rate variability and biofeedback. Psychophysiology Today: The Magazine for Mind-Body Medicine; 1, 4-11.
  • Orhun, B. N. And Gülcan, B., (2022). Bibliometric analysis of Csikszentmıhalyi's flow theory in tourism and recreation. Journal of Gastronomy, Hospitality and Travel; 5(3).
  • Önder, Ö. (2019). 365 Gün Nefes (365 Days of Breathing). Kuraldışı Publishing. İstanbul
  • Öner, Ç. (2022). The determinative role of athletic mental energy and mindfulness in the flow experience of football players, International Journal of Education Technology and Scientific Researches; 7(20), 2052-2085. Pehlivan, F. (2015). Biophysics. Pelikan Publishing, p: 267-271
  • Rocha, HM., de Souza, HCM., Viana, R., Neves, VR. And De Andrade, AD. (2020). Immediate effects of rib mobilization and diaphragm release techniques on cardiac autonomic control in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine; 19(3), 167-174.
  • Schipke, JD, Pelzer, M. And Arnold, G. (1999). Effect of respiration rate on short-term heart rate variability. J Clin Basic Cardiol; 2, 92-4
  • Schwartz, MS. And Andrasik, F. (2017). (Eds.). Biofeedback: A Practitioner's Guide. Guilford Publications.
  • Shaffer, F. And Ginsberg, JP. (2017). An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms. Frontiers in public health; 258.
  • Shields, RW. (2009). Heart rate variability with deep breathing as a clinical test of cardiovagal function. Cleve Clin J Med; 76(Suppl 2), S37-40.
  • Six Dijkstra, M., Soer, R., Bieleman, A., McCraty, R., Oosterveld, F., Gross, D. And Reneman, M. (2019). Exploring a 1-minute paced deep-breathing measurement of heart rate variability as part of a workers’ health assessment. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback; 44, 83-96.
  • Subbalakshmi, N. K., Adhikari, P. And Shanmugavel Jeganathan, P. (2014). Comparative study on cardiac autonomic modulation during deep breathing test and diaphragmatic breathing in type 2 diabetes and healthy subjects. Journal of Diabetes Investigation; 5(4), 456-463.
  • Tiryaki, Ş. (2000). Sports Psychology: Concepts, Theories and Practice. Eylül Publishing. Tripska, K., Draessler, J. And Pokladnikova, J. (2022). Heart rate variability, perceived stress and willingness to seek counselling in undergraduate students. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 160, 110972.
  • Turgut, T. And Ümmet, D. (2021). The mediating role of autotelic personality in the relationship between motivation regulation and flow experience in adults. Pamukkale University Journal of Education (PUJE); 1-23.
  • Uz-Baş, A. (2019). Adaptation of Flow State Questionnaire Into Turkish, Validity and Reliability Study. I. International Science, Education, Art & Technology Symposium (s.1374-1379). İzmir, Turkey.
  • Wessling, J. (2022). Optimal Experience: The Relationship Between Flow, Psychological Richness And Well-Being. Bachelor's Thesis, University of Twente. Holland .
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Science and Exercise (Other)
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Esin Kaplan 0000-0002-8417-1266

Early Pub Date October 16, 2023
Publication Date October 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Kaplan, E. (2023). The Effect of Diaphragm Awareness Exercise on Flow Experience and 1-min Paced Deep Breathing Assessment. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 6(Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people), 297-304. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1357553
AMA Kaplan E. The Effect of Diaphragm Awareness Exercise on Flow Experience and 1-min Paced Deep Breathing Assessment. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. October 2023;6(Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people):297-304. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1357553
Chicago Kaplan, Esin. “The Effect of Diaphragm Awareness Exercise on Flow Experience and 1-Min Paced Deep Breathing Assessment”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6, no. Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people (October 2023): 297-304. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1357553.
EndNote Kaplan E (October 1, 2023) The Effect of Diaphragm Awareness Exercise on Flow Experience and 1-min Paced Deep Breathing Assessment. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6 Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people 297–304.
IEEE E. Kaplan, “The Effect of Diaphragm Awareness Exercise on Flow Experience and 1-min Paced Deep Breathing Assessment”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people, pp. 297–304, 2023, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1357553.
ISNAD Kaplan, Esin. “The Effect of Diaphragm Awareness Exercise on Flow Experience and 1-Min Paced Deep Breathing Assessment”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6/Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people (October 2023), 297-304. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1357553.
JAMA Kaplan E. The Effect of Diaphragm Awareness Exercise on Flow Experience and 1-min Paced Deep Breathing Assessment. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2023;6:297–304.
MLA Kaplan, Esin. “The Effect of Diaphragm Awareness Exercise on Flow Experience and 1-Min Paced Deep Breathing Assessment”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people, 2023, pp. 297-04, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1357553.
Vancouver Kaplan E. The Effect of Diaphragm Awareness Exercise on Flow Experience and 1-min Paced Deep Breathing Assessment. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2023;6(Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people):297-304.


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