The Effect of 12-Week Outward-Bound Training on Sports Attitude, Heart Rate and Physical Fitness Among College Students in China
Abstract
Outward-bound training (OBT) originated in the UK as an outdoor survival method during World War II and is an experiential training course that emphasizes shaping teamwork, enhancing and strengthening individual psychological and athletic potential, and promoting organizational growth. However, OBT to improve sports attitude and physical fitness among college students remains unclear. The purpose of this study investigated the effect on sport attitude, heart rate and physical fitness among college students in China. Sixty college students (Aged 18-20, 19.05±0.85y) who were selected from Jiangxi Teachers College took part in this study. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups EG and CG. The EG completed 12 weeks OBT combined normal PE class intervention and the CG only for 12 weeks normal PE class intervention. The result indicated that the EG was statistically significant difference than control group after Paired-samples T test analysis for sports attitude questionnaire score (Male T=-11.515, P=0.001 and Female T=-23.070, P=0.001); HRMax (Male T=-5.755, P=0.001 and Female T=-4.007, P=0.001); HRAvg (Male T=-5.072, P=0.001 and Female T=-4.801, P=0.001); 50m run (Male T=8.085, P=0.001 and Female T=8.413, P=0.001); 800m run (Female T=5.949, P=0.001); 1000m run (Male T=3.722, P=0.001); Standing long jump (Male T=-2.233, P=0.042 and Female T=-5.824, P=0.001); Sit and reach (Male T=-3.872, P=0.002 and Female T=-5.274, P=0.001); Sit-up (Female T=-11.042, P=0.001 ); Pull-up (Male T=-4.276, P=0.001). Therefore, the conclusion suggested that 12-week OBT intervention was significant to improve sports attitude, heart rate and physical fitness among college students in China.
Keywords
Outward-bound training, Physical education, “Health-first” concept, College students, Physical fitness
References
- An, Y., Yang, J., Niu, S. J., & Wang, J. (2022). Health First: The Sustainable Development of Physical Education in Chinese Schools. Sustainability, 14(5), Article 5. [CrossRef]
- Banville, D., Marttinen, R., Kulinna, P. H., & Ferry, M. (2021). Curriculum decisions made by secondary physical education teachers and comparison with students’ preferences. Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education, 12(3), 199–216. [CrossRef]
- Dong, X., Huang, F., Starratt, G., & Yang, Z. (2023). Trend in health-related physical fitness for Chinese male first-year college students: 2013–2019. Frontiers in Public Health, 11. [PubMed]
- Fan, X., & Yu, M. (2017). Changing Trend of University Students’ Physical Fitness and the Reform of Teaching Methods. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(12), 8227–8232. [CrossRef] Freeman, M. (2011). From ‘character‐training’ to ‘personal growth’: The early history of Outward Bound 1941–1965. History of Education, 40(1), 21–43. [CrossRef]
- Guanghong, L. (2017). Construction of the outward-bound training mode in university physical education in a development perspective. Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech, 28(1), 2458–2462.
- Guo, Q., Samsudin, S., Yang, X., Gao, J., Ramlan, M. A., Abdullah, B., & Farizan, N. H. (2023). Relationship between Perceived Teacher Support and Student Engagement in Physical Education: A Systematic Review. Sustainability, 15(7), Article 7. [CrossRef]
- Herbert, C., Meixner, F., Wiebking, C., & Gilg, V. (2020). Regular Physical Activity, Short-Term Exercise, Mental Health, and Well-Being Among University Students: The Results of an Online and a Laboratory Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. [PubMed]
- Hu, C. (2022). Evaluation of physical education classes in colleges and universities using machine learning. Soft Computing, 26(20), 10765–10773. [CrossRef]
- Kim, D.-H., Cho, Y.-H., & Seo, T.-B. (2022). Correlation between physical efficiency index using Harvard step test and heart rate variation in college students. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 18(6), 389–394. [PubMed]
- Kljajević, V., Stanković, M., Đorđević, D., Trkulja-Petković, D., Jovanović, R., Plazibat, K., Oršolić, M., Čurić, M., & Sporiš, G. (2022). Physical Activity and Physical Fitness among University Students—A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), Article 1. [PubMed]