Effects of a Six-Week Aerobic Exercise Training Program on Lipid Profiles in Sedentary Women

Year 2024, , 564 - 569, 25.05.2024

Emre Yamaner , Burhan Demirkıran Emre Özcan

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1421711

Cited By: 1

Abstract

This study investigated how a six-week training program involving aerobic exercise affected the lipid profile of women who were sedentary. Using the pre-test post-test model, 36 sedentary female volunteers aged 18-29 years participated in the study. After the participants had fasted overnight, healthcare professionals took blood samples from them both before and after the training program in a clinical setting. Measurements were taken of triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol. The data obtained was subjected to a paired-samples test using the SPSS 22.0 statistical program to compare the values before and after training. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were used to clarify the levels of comparison. Statistically significant differences were seen in blood lipid levels (triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol) between pre- and post-training assessments (p < 0.05). This study found that a six-week aerobic exercise program significantly increased HDL cholesterol levels by 15.8% (from 46.66 mg/dL to 54.05 mg/dL, p = 0.000) and decreased LDL cholesterol levels by 15.7% (from 96.72 mg/dL to 81.52 mg/dL, p = 0.000) in sedentary women. The study adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that aerobic exercise programs, such as spinning, can significantly improve lipid profiles in sedentary women, potentially reducing their risk of cardiovascular disease. Future research should incorporate control groups to strengthen these findings.

Keywords

Aerobic, Exercise, Lipid Metabolism

References

• Assunção Júnior, J. C., de Almeida Silva, H. J., da Silva JFC, da Silva Cruz, R., de Almeida Lins, C. A., & de Souza MC. (2018). Zumba dancing can improve the pain and functional capacity in women with fibromyalgia. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 22(2), 455-459. [PubMed]
• Biçer, Y., & Kaldırımcı, M. (2010). The Effect of Three Months of Aerobic and Weight Training Aerobic Exercise on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Some Blood Parameters of Sedentary Women. Atatürk Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 10(2), 46-54. [CrossRef]
• Caria, M. A., Tangianu, F., Concu, A., Crisafulli, A., & Mameli, O. (2007, February 15). Quantification of Spinning bike performance during a standard 50-minute class. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(4), 421-429. [PubMed]
• Chavarrias M, Carlos-Vivas J, Collado-Mateo D, Pérez-Gómez J. Health Benefits of Indoor Cycling: A Systematic Review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 Aug 8;55(8):452. [PubMed]
• Costa, E. C., Hay, J. L., Kehler, D. S., Boreskie, K. F., Arora, R. C., Umpierre, D., … Duhamel, T. A. (2018). Effects of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on blood pressure in adults with pre-to established hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Sports Medicine, 48(9), 2127–2142. [PubMed]
• Dandanell S, Elbe AM, Pfister G, Elsborg P, Helge WJ. Relationship between volition, physical activity and weight loss maintenance: study rationale, design, methods and baseline characteristics. Scand J Public Health. 2017;45:299–304. [PubMed]
• Devries MC, Hamadeh MJ, Glover AW, Raha S, Samjoo IA, Tarnopolsky MA. Endurance training without weight loss lowers systemic, but not muscle, oxidative stress with no effect on inflammation in lean and obese women. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008;45:503–511. [PubMed]
• Duda, H., Różyckı, P., Stanek, L., Kąkol, K., & Kubień, P. (2014). Influence recreational training – spinning at improving physical fitness of women 2014/1. ISBN 978-83-61495-35-2, 10-20. [CrossRef]
• Dunstan, D. W., Barr, E. L., Healy, G. N., Salmon, J., Shaw, J. E., & Zimmet, P. Z. (2012). Television viewing time and mortality: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). Circulation, 121(3), 384-391. [PubMed]
• Fox, E. L., Bowers, R. W., Foss, M. L., Cerit, M., & Yaman, H.,(1999). Beden Eğitimi ve Sporun Fizyolojik Temelleri. Bağırgan Yayınevi. [CrossRef]
• Gordon, T., Castelli, W. P., Hjortland, M. C., Kannel, W. B., & Dawber, T. R. (1981). High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease: the Framingham Study. The American journal of medicine, 62(5), 707-714. [PubMed]
• Goodyear VA, Boardley I, Chiou SY, Fenton SAM, Makopoulou K, Stathi A, Wallis GA, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS, Thompson JL. Social media use informing behaviours related to physical activity, diet and quality of life during COVID-19: a mixed methods study. BMC Public Health. 2021 Jul 6;21(1):1333. [PubMed]
• Hopkins WG, Marshall SW, Batterham AM, Hanin J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sport Exerc.;41(1):3–12. [PubMed]
• Huang WC, Chiu PC, Ho CH. The Sprint-Interval Exercise Using a Spinning Bike Improves Physical Fitness and Ameliorates Primary Dysmenorrhea Symptoms Through Hormone and Inflammation Modulations: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sports Sci Med. 2022 Dec 1;21(4):595-607. [PubMed]
• Karagöz, Ş. (2016). Kardiyo Tenis Egzersizlerinin Sedanter Kadınların Lipit Metabolizmasına Etkisi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Kütahya. [CrosRef]
• Kelley, G. A., Kelley, K. S., & Tran, Z. V. (2005). Aerobic exercise, lipids and lipoproteins in overweight and obese adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Obesity, 29(8), 881-893. [PubMed]
• Kyröläinen, H., Hackney, A. C., Salminen, R., Repola, J., Häkkinen, K., & Haimi, J. (2018). Effects of combined strength and endurance training on physical performance and biomarkers of healthy young women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(6), 1554-1561. [PubMed]
• Lemura, L.M., Amdreacci, J.,(2000). “Lipit and Lipoprotein Profiles, Cardiovascular Fitness, Body Composition and Diet During and After Resistance, Aerobic and Combination Training in Young Woman”, Eur. Journal Appl. Physiology, 82:5–6. [CrossRef]
• Mozaffarian, D., Hao, T., Rimm, E. B., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2011). Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(25), 2392-2404. [PubMed]
• Mohr M, Lindenskov A, Holm PM, Nielsen HP, MortensenJ, Weihe P, et al. Football training improves cardiovascular health profile in sedentary, premenopausal hypertensive women. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014;24, 36-42. [PubMed]
• Nakhaei H, Nayebifar S, Fanaei H. Decrease in serum asprosin levels following six weeks of spinning and stationary cycling training in overweight women. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2022 Sep 1;44(1):21-26. doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0003. [PubMed]
• Element, B. (2019) Investigation of the Effect of 8-Week Zumba and Step-Aerobic Exercises on Serum Leptin and Serum Ghrelin Hormone in Women, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Institute of Educational Sciences, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Institute of Educational Sciences, Master's Thesis, Van. [CrosReff]
• Rossi FE, Fortaleza AC, Neves LM, Buonani C, Picolo MR, Diniz TA, et al. Combined training (aerobic plusstrength) potentiates a reduction in body fat but demonstratesno difference on the lipid profile in post menopausal women when compared with aerobic training with a similar training load. J Strength Cond Res 2016;30, 226-234. [PubMed]
• Smith, J. D., Brinton, E. A., Breslow, J. L., & McConnell, J. P. (2011). The effect of short-term aerobic exercise training on large high-density lipoprotein particles and markers of inflammation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 58(25), 2578-2581. [PubMed]
• Thompson, P. D., Crouse, S. F., Goodpaster, B., Kelley, D., & Moyna, N. (2002). The acute versus the chronic response to exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(6 Suppl), S438-S445. [PubMed]
• Tortop, Y, Ön, B.O., & Öğün, E.S. (2010). Bayanlarda 12 Hafta Uygulanan Step-Aerobik Egzersiz Programının Bazı Fiziksel Uygunluk Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Dergisi, 12(2), 91–97. [CrossRef] Turgut, M., & Soylu, Y. (2021). Effects of 8-week zumba exercise on blood lipids profile in sedentary women. Pedagogy of physical Culture and Sports, 25(3), 172-177. [CrossRef]
• Turgut, M., Bagir, S., Sarikaya, M., & Tinaz, U. (2019). The effect of 8 week resistance exercise on some anthropometric measurements and body composition to Sedentary Women. Physical Education of Students 23(2), 93-97. [CrossRef]
• Uzun, M. (2016). Cardiovascular System and Exercise. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 7(2): 48-53. [CrossRef]
• Ünveren, A., (2006). Düzenli Halk Oyunları Çalışmalarının Bazı Fiziksel ve Fizyolojik Parametrelere Etkisi/The Effects Of Doıng Regular Folk Dances On The Physıcal and Physıologıcal Parameters. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 8(1). [CrossRef]
• Yoon JG, Kim SH, Rhyu HS. (2017). Effects of 16-week spinning and bicycle exercise on body composition, physical fitness and blood variables of middle school students. J Exerc Rehabil. Aug 29;13(4):400-404. [PubMed]