Research Article
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Offensive Performance Indicators: A Comparative Study of Winning, Drawing, and Losing Teams in the 2023 Malaysia Super League

Year 2024, , 1301 - 1312, 25.11.2024

Mohamad Nizam Nazarudin , Regi Dwi Septian , Norlaila Azura Kosni , Ahmad Bisyri Husin Musawi Maliki

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1525263

Abstract

This study aimed to identify significant differences in offensive performance metrics among winning, drawing, and losing teams in the 2023 Malaysia Super League (MSL) season. Data were collected from 91 matches during the MSL football league using the InStat® system. The analysed variables included set pieces, corners, free kicks, penalties, and shooting. The results showed that winning teams had discriminative offensive performance indicators such as set pieces with shots (4.48±2.17), % set pieces with shots (17.10±8.58), corners (5.90±3.16), corners with shots (2.05±1.63), % corners with shots (36.56±27.49), free kicks with shots (0.76±0.89), % free kicks with shots (22.02±27.49), penalties (0.30±0.58), penalties converted (0.26±0.52), % penalties converted (21.11±40.35), shots (16.53±6.08), shots on target (6.97±3.35), % shots on target (42.18±13.58), shots from outside the penalty area (7.16±3.41), shots from outside the penalty area on target (2.20±1.65), and % shots from outside the penalty area on target (30.68±21.07). In contrast, drawing teams had higher mean values in set pieces (28.67±5.87) and free kicks (4.34±2.21). In conclusion, these findings have practical implications for coaches in planning and implementing offensive tactics for successful performance. Future research could explore the impact of different tactical approaches and formations on match outcomes and analyse the effectiveness of in-match tactical adjustments.

Keywords

Malaysia Offensive Game-Related Statistics Football Performance

Ethical Statement

This hereby states 1. Able to comply with applicable regulations at the University and related agencies. 2. Able to carry out a research code of ethics.

Supporting Institution

KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN, KEBUDAYAAN, RISET, DAN TEKNOLOGI UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA FAKULTAS PENDIDIKAN OLAHRAGA DAN KESEHATAN

Project Number

1329/UN40.A6/KP/2024

Thanks

Sincere gratitude is extended to the Sabah Football Club for their assistance with this research project, as well as to everyone who engaged in this research of their own free will to make it possible. The Sabah Football Club provided financial support for this study.

References

  • Bloomfield, J., Polman, R., & O’Donoghue, P. (2005). Effects of score-line on team strategies in FA Premier League Soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(2), 192-193.
  • Casal, C. A., Maneiro, R., Ardá, T., Losada, J. L., & Rial, A. (2015). Analysis of corner kick success in Elite football. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 15(2), 430–451. [CrossRef]
  • Castellano, J., & Pic, M. (2019). Identification and Preference of Game Styles in LaLiga Associated with Match Outcomes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health/International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(24), 5090. [PubMed]
  • Castellano, J., Casamichana, D., & Lago, C. (2012). The Use of Match Statistics that Discriminate Between Successful and Unsuccessful Soccer Teams. Journal of Human Kinetics, 31(2012), 137–147. [PubMed]
  • Cullinane, A., Davies, G., & O'Donoghue, P. (2024). An Introduction to Performance Analysis of Sport. Taylor & Francis. [CrossRef]
  • Das, R., Jhajharia, B., & Das, P. K. (2022). Prediction model of success and failure in football competitions. International Journal of Research Pedagogy and Technology in Education and Movement Sciences, 12–19. [CrossRef]
  • Dios, R. M., & Boubeta, A. R. (2017). Analysis of Set Piece Plays in High-Level Football: Corners and Indirect Free Kicks. An Attempt to Identify Explanatory Variables. Apunts. Educació Física i Esports, (130), 127-127.
  • Fernandez-Navarro, J., Fradua, L., Zubillaga, A., & McRobert, A. P. (2018). Influence of contextual variables on styles of play in soccer. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 18(3), 423–436. [CrossRef]
  • Fernandez-Navarro, J., Fradua, L., Zubillaga, A., Ford, P. R., & McRobert, A. P. (2016). Attacking and defensive styles of play in soccer: analysis of Spanish and English elite teams. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(24), 2195–2204. [PubMed]
  • Gambarelli, D., Gambarelli, G., & Goossens, D. (2019). Offensive or defensive play in soccer: a game-theoretical approach. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, 15(4), 261–269. [CrossRef]
  • Glazier, P. S. (2010). Game, set, and match? Substantive issues and future directions in performance analysis. Sports Medicine, 40(8), 625–634. [PubMed]
  • Gómez, M. A., Lago-Peñas, C., & Pollard, R. (2018). Situational variables. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(24), 2675-2681.
  • Gómez, M., Mitrotasios, M., Armatas, V., & Lago-Peñas, C. (2018). Analysis of playing styles according to team quality and match location in Greek professional soccer. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 18(6), 986–997. [CrossRef]
  • González-Ródenas, J., Aranda, R., & Aranda-Malaves, R. (2020). The effect of contextual variables on the attacking style of play in professional soccer. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 16(2).
  • González-Rodenas, J., Aranda-Malavés, R., Tudela-Desantes, A., & Calabuig-Moreno, F. (2021). The effect of contextual variables on the attacking style of play in professional soccer. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 16(2), 403-416. [CrossRef]
  • Hewitt, A., Greenham, G., & Norton, K. (2016). Game style in soccer: what is it and can we quantify it? International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 16(1), 355–372. [CrossRef]
  • Hughes, M., & Franks, I. (2005). Analysis of passing sequences, shots and goals in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(5), 509–514. [PubMed]
  • Husain, H., Thamrin, S. A., Tahir, S., Mukhlisin, A., & Apriani, M. (2022). Forecasting the opening goal in the second half of a football match: Bayesian and frequentist perspectives. Computational Statistics.
  • James, N. (2006). Notational analysis in soccer: past, present and future. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 6(2), 67–81. [CrossRef]
  • Özdemir, N. (2019). The investigation of elite athletes’ psychological resilience. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 7(10), 47-57. [CrossRef]
  • Van Roy, M., Robberechts, P., Yang, W. C., De Raedt, L., & Davis, J. (2021). Leaving goals on the pitch: Evaluating decision making in soccer. [CrossRef]
  • Kong, P. W., Yeo, C. H., & Lai, P. Y. (2022). Evaluation of playing styles and contextual influences on performance in professional soccer. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 1002566. [CrossRef]
  • Kubayi, A., & Toriola, A. (2020). Match Performance Indicators that Discriminated Between Winning, Drawing and Losing Teams in the 2017 AFCON Soccer Championship. Journal of Human Kinetics, 72(1), 215–221. [PubMed]
  • Lago, C., & Martín, R. (2007). Determinants of possession of the ball in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(9), 969-974. [CrossRef]
  • Lago, C., Lago-Peñas, C., & Gómez, M. A. (2018). Styles of play in professional soccer: An analysis of Spanish and English elite teams. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(4), 324-330. [CrossRef]
  • Lago-Ballesteros, J., & Lago-Peñas, C. (2022). Playing tactics, contextual variables, and offensive effectiveness in English Premier League soccer matches: A multilevel analysis. PLOS ONE, 17(5), e0267424. [PubMed]
  • Lago-Peñas, C., & Lago-Ballesteros, J. (2011). Game location and team quality effects on performance profiles in professional soccer. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10(3), 465-471. [PubMed]
  • Lago-Peñas, C., Lago-Ballesteros, J., Dellal, A., & Gómez, M. (2010). Game-related statistics that discriminated winning, drawing and losing teams from the Spanish soccer league. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 9(2), 288-293. [PubMed]
  • Lepschy, H., Wäsche, H., & Woll, A. (2018). How to be successful in football: a systematic review. The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 11(1), 3-23. [CrossRef]
  • Liu, T., García-De-Alcaraz, A., Wang, H., Hu, P., & Chen, Q. (2021). Impact of scoring first on match outcome in the Chinese Football Super League. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. [PubMed]
  • Maneiro, R., Losada, J. L., Portell, M., & Ardá, A. (2021). Observational Analysis of Corner Kicks in High-Level Football: A Mixed Methods study. Sustainability, 13(14), 7562. [CrossRef]
  • Memmert, D., Lemmink, K. a. P. M., & Sampaio, J. (2016). Current approaches to tactical performance analyses in soccer using position data. Sports Medicine, 47(1), 1–10. [PubMed]
  • Memmert, D., Raabe, D., Schwab, S., & Rein, R. (2019). A tactical comparison of the 4-2-3-1 and 3-5-2 formations in elite football: How to create goal scoring opportunities. PLOS ONE, 14(9), e0222484. [PubMed]
  • Mitrotasios, M., González-Rodenas, J., Armatas, V., & Aranda, R. (2020). The creation of goal-scoring opportunities in professional soccer: A study of tactical differences. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 15(4), 1014-1028. [CrossRef]
  • Modric, T., Versic, S., & Sekulic, D. (2021). Relations of the Weekly External Training Load Indicators and Running Performances in Professional Soccer Matches. Sport Mont, 19(1), 31-37. [CrossRef]
  • Nugraha, R., Septian, R.D., Salmani, S., Edmizal, E., Riansyah, R., Nazarudin, M.N., Hendrianto, R., Dahlan, N.D., Farrel, A., Satria, M., and Karim, N.N.F. (2024). Can Static Bicycle Interval Training and Calorie Restriction Affect Lipid Profile in Patients with Dyslipidemia? . Int J Disabil Sports Health Sci;7(5):1139-1146. [CrossRef]
  • Paixão, P., Sampaio, J., Almeida, C. H., & Duarte, R. (2015). How does match status affects the passing sequences of top-level European soccer teams? International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 15(1), 229–240. [CrossRef]
  • Rahim, M. a. A., Kosni, N. A., & Nazarudin, M. N. (2023). Determination of essential performance indicator for football for discriminating between winner, draw, and loser matches in Malaysia Super League 2021. In Lecture notes in bioengineering (pp. 179–189).
  • Sarmento, H., Clemente, F. M., Harper, L. D., Teoldo, I., Owen, A., Figueiredo, A. J., & Pereira, J. (2020). Small sided games in soccer – a systematic review. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 20(3), 375-393. [CrossRef]
  • Tan, M., & Wang, H. (2024). Football analytics: Assessing the correlation between workload, injury, and performance of football players in the English Premier League. Applied Sciences, 14(16), 7217. [CrossRef]
  • Wang, Q., Zhu, H., Hu, W., Shen, Z., & Yao, Y. (2015). Discerning tactical patterns for professional soccer teams: an enhanced topic model with applications. In Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (2197-2206). [CrossRef]
  • Ademović, A., Čolakhodžić, E., Palić, A., & Bajrić, S. (2024). Structure of Football on the Basis of Situational Efficiency Indicators of World Championships 2010, 2014, 2018. Sports Scıence And Health, 28(1), 62-77.
  • Wright, M., & Hirotsu, N. (2023). Tactical situations and playing styles as key performance indicators in soccer. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology9(2), 88. [CrossRef]
  • Zaki, M. S. M., Sulaiman, N., Ali, M., Adnan, R., & Ismail, S. I. (2014). Differences in game statistics between winning and losing football teams in Malaysia Super League: a pilot study. In Springer eBooks (pp. 389–393).
  • Zhou, C., Zhang, S., Lorenzo Calvo, A., & Cui, Y. (2018). Chinese soccer association super league, 2012–2017: key performance indicators in balance games. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 18(4), 645-656. [CrossRef]
  • Pa, W. a. M. W., Rahim, M. R. A., Mazalan, N. S., Nazarudin, M. N., Daud, W. R. W., & Abdullah, M. F. (2024). The effect of Pre-Competition anxiety on tennis accuracy shot performance among Malaysian varsity tennis players. Pertanika Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 32(3),933-947.
  • Nazarudin, M. N., Majeed, A. P. A., Maliki, A. B. H. M., Abdullah, M. R., Kuan, G., & Musa, R. M. (2024). Disciplinary measures defining referee activity in top-European football leagues: A cross-sectional investigation. Heliyon, 10(3), e25402. [PubMed]

Year 2024, , 1301 - 1312, 25.11.2024

Mohamad Nizam Nazarudin , Regi Dwi Septian , Norlaila Azura Kosni , Ahmad Bisyri Husin Musawi Maliki

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1525263

Abstract

Project Number

1329/UN40.A6/KP/2024

References

  • Bloomfield, J., Polman, R., & O’Donoghue, P. (2005). Effects of score-line on team strategies in FA Premier League Soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(2), 192-193.
  • Casal, C. A., Maneiro, R., Ardá, T., Losada, J. L., & Rial, A. (2015). Analysis of corner kick success in Elite football. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 15(2), 430–451. [CrossRef]
  • Castellano, J., & Pic, M. (2019). Identification and Preference of Game Styles in LaLiga Associated with Match Outcomes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health/International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(24), 5090. [PubMed]
  • Castellano, J., Casamichana, D., & Lago, C. (2012). The Use of Match Statistics that Discriminate Between Successful and Unsuccessful Soccer Teams. Journal of Human Kinetics, 31(2012), 137–147. [PubMed]
  • Cullinane, A., Davies, G., & O'Donoghue, P. (2024). An Introduction to Performance Analysis of Sport. Taylor & Francis. [CrossRef]
  • Das, R., Jhajharia, B., & Das, P. K. (2022). Prediction model of success and failure in football competitions. International Journal of Research Pedagogy and Technology in Education and Movement Sciences, 12–19. [CrossRef]
  • Dios, R. M., & Boubeta, A. R. (2017). Analysis of Set Piece Plays in High-Level Football: Corners and Indirect Free Kicks. An Attempt to Identify Explanatory Variables. Apunts. Educació Física i Esports, (130), 127-127.
  • Fernandez-Navarro, J., Fradua, L., Zubillaga, A., & McRobert, A. P. (2018). Influence of contextual variables on styles of play in soccer. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 18(3), 423–436. [CrossRef]
  • Fernandez-Navarro, J., Fradua, L., Zubillaga, A., Ford, P. R., & McRobert, A. P. (2016). Attacking and defensive styles of play in soccer: analysis of Spanish and English elite teams. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(24), 2195–2204. [PubMed]
  • Gambarelli, D., Gambarelli, G., & Goossens, D. (2019). Offensive or defensive play in soccer: a game-theoretical approach. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, 15(4), 261–269. [CrossRef]
  • Glazier, P. S. (2010). Game, set, and match? Substantive issues and future directions in performance analysis. Sports Medicine, 40(8), 625–634. [PubMed]
  • Gómez, M. A., Lago-Peñas, C., & Pollard, R. (2018). Situational variables. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(24), 2675-2681.
  • Gómez, M., Mitrotasios, M., Armatas, V., & Lago-Peñas, C. (2018). Analysis of playing styles according to team quality and match location in Greek professional soccer. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 18(6), 986–997. [CrossRef]
  • González-Ródenas, J., Aranda, R., & Aranda-Malaves, R. (2020). The effect of contextual variables on the attacking style of play in professional soccer. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 16(2).
  • González-Rodenas, J., Aranda-Malavés, R., Tudela-Desantes, A., & Calabuig-Moreno, F. (2021). The effect of contextual variables on the attacking style of play in professional soccer. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 16(2), 403-416. [CrossRef]
  • Hewitt, A., Greenham, G., & Norton, K. (2016). Game style in soccer: what is it and can we quantify it? International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 16(1), 355–372. [CrossRef]
  • Hughes, M., & Franks, I. (2005). Analysis of passing sequences, shots and goals in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(5), 509–514. [PubMed]
  • Husain, H., Thamrin, S. A., Tahir, S., Mukhlisin, A., & Apriani, M. (2022). Forecasting the opening goal in the second half of a football match: Bayesian and frequentist perspectives. Computational Statistics.
  • James, N. (2006). Notational analysis in soccer: past, present and future. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 6(2), 67–81. [CrossRef]
  • Özdemir, N. (2019). The investigation of elite athletes’ psychological resilience. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 7(10), 47-57. [CrossRef]
  • Van Roy, M., Robberechts, P., Yang, W. C., De Raedt, L., & Davis, J. (2021). Leaving goals on the pitch: Evaluating decision making in soccer. [CrossRef]
  • Kong, P. W., Yeo, C. H., & Lai, P. Y. (2022). Evaluation of playing styles and contextual influences on performance in professional soccer. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 1002566. [CrossRef]
  • Kubayi, A., & Toriola, A. (2020). Match Performance Indicators that Discriminated Between Winning, Drawing and Losing Teams in the 2017 AFCON Soccer Championship. Journal of Human Kinetics, 72(1), 215–221. [PubMed]
  • Lago, C., & Martín, R. (2007). Determinants of possession of the ball in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(9), 969-974. [CrossRef]
  • Lago, C., Lago-Peñas, C., & Gómez, M. A. (2018). Styles of play in professional soccer: An analysis of Spanish and English elite teams. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(4), 324-330. [CrossRef]
  • Lago-Ballesteros, J., & Lago-Peñas, C. (2022). Playing tactics, contextual variables, and offensive effectiveness in English Premier League soccer matches: A multilevel analysis. PLOS ONE, 17(5), e0267424. [PubMed]
  • Lago-Peñas, C., & Lago-Ballesteros, J. (2011). Game location and team quality effects on performance profiles in professional soccer. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10(3), 465-471. [PubMed]
  • Lago-Peñas, C., Lago-Ballesteros, J., Dellal, A., & Gómez, M. (2010). Game-related statistics that discriminated winning, drawing and losing teams from the Spanish soccer league. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 9(2), 288-293. [PubMed]
  • Lepschy, H., Wäsche, H., & Woll, A. (2018). How to be successful in football: a systematic review. The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 11(1), 3-23. [CrossRef]
  • Liu, T., García-De-Alcaraz, A., Wang, H., Hu, P., & Chen, Q. (2021). Impact of scoring first on match outcome in the Chinese Football Super League. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. [PubMed]
  • Maneiro, R., Losada, J. L., Portell, M., & Ardá, A. (2021). Observational Analysis of Corner Kicks in High-Level Football: A Mixed Methods study. Sustainability, 13(14), 7562. [CrossRef]
  • Memmert, D., Lemmink, K. a. P. M., & Sampaio, J. (2016). Current approaches to tactical performance analyses in soccer using position data. Sports Medicine, 47(1), 1–10. [PubMed]
  • Memmert, D., Raabe, D., Schwab, S., & Rein, R. (2019). A tactical comparison of the 4-2-3-1 and 3-5-2 formations in elite football: How to create goal scoring opportunities. PLOS ONE, 14(9), e0222484. [PubMed]
  • Mitrotasios, M., González-Rodenas, J., Armatas, V., & Aranda, R. (2020). The creation of goal-scoring opportunities in professional soccer: A study of tactical differences. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 15(4), 1014-1028. [CrossRef]
  • Modric, T., Versic, S., & Sekulic, D. (2021). Relations of the Weekly External Training Load Indicators and Running Performances in Professional Soccer Matches. Sport Mont, 19(1), 31-37. [CrossRef]
  • Nugraha, R., Septian, R.D., Salmani, S., Edmizal, E., Riansyah, R., Nazarudin, M.N., Hendrianto, R., Dahlan, N.D., Farrel, A., Satria, M., and Karim, N.N.F. (2024). Can Static Bicycle Interval Training and Calorie Restriction Affect Lipid Profile in Patients with Dyslipidemia? . Int J Disabil Sports Health Sci;7(5):1139-1146. [CrossRef]
  • Paixão, P., Sampaio, J., Almeida, C. H., & Duarte, R. (2015). How does match status affects the passing sequences of top-level European soccer teams? International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 15(1), 229–240. [CrossRef]
  • Rahim, M. a. A., Kosni, N. A., & Nazarudin, M. N. (2023). Determination of essential performance indicator for football for discriminating between winner, draw, and loser matches in Malaysia Super League 2021. In Lecture notes in bioengineering (pp. 179–189).
  • Sarmento, H., Clemente, F. M., Harper, L. D., Teoldo, I., Owen, A., Figueiredo, A. J., & Pereira, J. (2020). Small sided games in soccer – a systematic review. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 20(3), 375-393. [CrossRef]
  • Tan, M., & Wang, H. (2024). Football analytics: Assessing the correlation between workload, injury, and performance of football players in the English Premier League. Applied Sciences, 14(16), 7217. [CrossRef]
  • Wang, Q., Zhu, H., Hu, W., Shen, Z., & Yao, Y. (2015). Discerning tactical patterns for professional soccer teams: an enhanced topic model with applications. In Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (2197-2206). [CrossRef]
  • Ademović, A., Čolakhodžić, E., Palić, A., & Bajrić, S. (2024). Structure of Football on the Basis of Situational Efficiency Indicators of World Championships 2010, 2014, 2018. Sports Scıence And Health, 28(1), 62-77.
  • Wright, M., & Hirotsu, N. (2023). Tactical situations and playing styles as key performance indicators in soccer. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology9(2), 88. [CrossRef]
  • Zaki, M. S. M., Sulaiman, N., Ali, M., Adnan, R., & Ismail, S. I. (2014). Differences in game statistics between winning and losing football teams in Malaysia Super League: a pilot study. In Springer eBooks (pp. 389–393).
  • Zhou, C., Zhang, S., Lorenzo Calvo, A., & Cui, Y. (2018). Chinese soccer association super league, 2012–2017: key performance indicators in balance games. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 18(4), 645-656. [CrossRef]
  • Pa, W. a. M. W., Rahim, M. R. A., Mazalan, N. S., Nazarudin, M. N., Daud, W. R. W., & Abdullah, M. F. (2024). The effect of Pre-Competition anxiety on tennis accuracy shot performance among Malaysian varsity tennis players. Pertanika Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 32(3),933-947.
  • Nazarudin, M. N., Majeed, A. P. A., Maliki, A. B. H. M., Abdullah, M. R., Kuan, G., & Musa, R. M. (2024). Disciplinary measures defining referee activity in top-European football leagues: A cross-sectional investigation. Heliyon, 10(3), e25402. [PubMed]
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physical Training and Sports, Physical Activity and Health
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Mohamad Nizam Nazarudin 0000-0001-5417-7731

Regi Dwi Septian 0009-0003-4416-7072

Norlaila Azura Kosni 0000-0002-1729-8398

Ahmad Bisyri Husin Musawi Maliki 0000-0002-7979-0396

Project Number 1329/UN40.A6/KP/2024
Early Pub Date November 8, 2024
Publication Date November 25, 2024
Submission Date July 31, 2024
Acceptance Date October 27, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Nazarudin, M. N., Septian, R. D., Kosni, N. A., Maliki, A. B. H. M. (2024). Offensive Performance Indicators: A Comparative Study of Winning, Drawing, and Losing Teams in the 2023 Malaysia Super League. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 7(6), 1301-1312. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1525263
AMA Nazarudin MN, Septian RD, Kosni NA, Maliki ABHM. Offensive Performance Indicators: A Comparative Study of Winning, Drawing, and Losing Teams in the 2023 Malaysia Super League. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences. November 2024;7(6):1301-1312. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1525263
Chicago Nazarudin, Mohamad Nizam, Regi Dwi Septian, Norlaila Azura Kosni, and Ahmad Bisyri Husin Musawi Maliki. “Offensive Performance Indicators: A Comparative Study of Winning, Drawing, and Losing Teams in the 2023 Malaysia Super League”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7, no. 6 (November 2024): 1301-12. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1525263.
EndNote Nazarudin MN, Septian RD, Kosni NA, Maliki ABHM (November 1, 2024) Offensive Performance Indicators: A Comparative Study of Winning, Drawing, and Losing Teams in the 2023 Malaysia Super League. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7 6 1301–1312.
IEEE M. N. Nazarudin, R. D. Septian, N. A. Kosni, and A. B. H. M. Maliki, “Offensive Performance Indicators: A Comparative Study of Winning, Drawing, and Losing Teams in the 2023 Malaysia Super League”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 1301–1312, 2024, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1525263.
ISNAD Nazarudin, Mohamad Nizam et al. “Offensive Performance Indicators: A Comparative Study of Winning, Drawing, and Losing Teams in the 2023 Malaysia Super League”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7/6 (November 2024), 1301-1312. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1525263.
JAMA Nazarudin MN, Septian RD, Kosni NA, Maliki ABHM. Offensive Performance Indicators: A Comparative Study of Winning, Drawing, and Losing Teams in the 2023 Malaysia Super League. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences. 2024;7:1301–1312.
MLA Nazarudin, Mohamad Nizam et al. “Offensive Performance Indicators: A Comparative Study of Winning, Drawing, and Losing Teams in the 2023 Malaysia Super League”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 7, no. 6, 2024, pp. 1301-12, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1525263.
Vancouver Nazarudin MN, Septian RD, Kosni NA, Maliki ABHM. Offensive Performance Indicators: A Comparative Study of Winning, Drawing, and Losing Teams in the 2023 Malaysia Super League. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences. 2024;7(6):1301-12.


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