The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels with Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy

Fatih Özden; Ahmet Arık; Mehmet Özkeskin; Serkan Bakırhan

doi:10.33438/ijdshs.833840

EN

The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels with Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy

Abstract

The aim of this study is to compare the functional status, spasticity, motor function status of children with cerebral palsy and their caregivers' workload and stress levels. A single-center prospective cross-sectional study was carried out with 30 children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and their 30 caregivers. The clinical status of the children was assessed with the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), The Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM). The caregivers' workload and stress levels were evaluated with Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale (BCOS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), respectively. The mean age of the children was 11.46±7.45 years. In correlation analysis, the caregivers' BCOS score was related to the children's MAS score (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was a significant relationship between BCOS and PSS scores of the caregivers (p<0.05). Greater levels of spasticity in the children were associated with greater levels of workload. Stress level is higher in caregivers with a high workload.

Keywords

Serebral Palsi, Bakımveren, İşyükü, Stres, Klinik durum

Supporting Institution

Yok

Project Number

Yok

Thanks

Yok

References

Akmeşe, P. P., Mutlu, A., & Günel, M. K. (2007). Serebral paralizili çocukların annelerinin kaygı düzeyinin araştırılması. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi, 50, 236-240.
Bakas, T., & Champion, V. (1999). Development and psychometric testing of the Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale. Nursing Research, 48(5), 250-259.
Bakas, T., Champion, V., Perkins, S. M., Farran, C. J., & Williams, L. S. (2006). Psychometric testing of the revised 15-item Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale. Nursing Research, 55(5), 346-355.
Charalambous, C. P. (2014). Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. In Classic papers in orthopaedics (pp. 415-417): Springer.
Deniz, M. E., Dilmaç, B., & Arıcak, O. T. (2009). Engelli çocuğa sahip olan ebeveynlerin durumluk-sürekli kaygı ve yaşam doyumlarının incelenmesi. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 953-968.
El, Ö., Peker, Ö., Bozan, Ö., Berk, H., & Koşay, C. (2007). Serebral palsi hastalarının genel özellikleri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 75-80.
Eminel, A. G., Kahraman, T., & Genc, A. (2020). Physical workload during caregiving activities and related factors among the caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971-), 1-9.
Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi.
Fernández-Alcántara, M., García-Caro, M. P., Laynez-Rubio, C., Pérez-Marfil, M. N., Martí-García, C., Benítez-Feliponi, Á., . . . Cruz-Quintana, F. (2015). Feelings of loss in parents of children with infantile cerebral palsy. Disability and health journal, 8(1), 93-101.
Fritz, H., & Sewell-Roberts, C. (2020). Family stress associated with cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy, 515-545.

Garip, Y., Ozel, S., Tuncer, O. B., Kilinc, G., Seckin, F., & Arasil, T. (2017). Fatigue in the mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Disability and rehabilitation, 39(8), 757-762.
Kavlak, E., Kara, G., Tekin, F., Altuğ, F., Ök, N., & Hande, Ş. (2018). Stress and depression levels of mothers who give care to children with cerebral palsy and mental retardation: a comparison study.
Krigger, K. W. (2006). Cerebral palsy: an overview. American family physician, 73(1), 91-100.
Lee, E.-H. (2012). Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale. Asian nursing research, 6(4), 121-127.
Li, F., Wu, Y., & Li, X. (2014). Test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale and the Modified Ashworth Scale in hemiplegic patients with stroke. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 50(1), 9-15.
Liao, H. F., Jeny, S. F., Lai, J. S., Cheng, C. K., & Hu, M. H. (1997). The relation between standing balance and walking function in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 39(2), 106-112.
Msall, M. E., DiGaudio, K., Duffy, L. C., LaForest, S., Braun, S., & Granger, C. V. (1994). WeeFIM: normative sample of an instrument for tracking functional independence in children. Clinical pediatrics, 33(7), 431-438.
Mutlu, A., Livanelioglu, A., & Gunel, M. K. (2008). Reliability of Ashworth and Modified Ashworth scales in children with spastic cerebral palsy. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 9(1), 44.
Palisano, R. J., Rosenbaum, P., Bartlett, D., & Livingston, M. H. (2008). Content validity of the expanded and revised Gross Motor Function Classification System. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 50(10), 744-750.
Park, E.-Y. (2018). Path analysis of strength, spasticity, gross motor function, and health-related quality of life in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Health and quality of life outcomes, 16(1), 1-7.
Rosenbaum, P., Paneth, N., Leviton, A., Goldstein, M., Bax, M., Damiano, D., . . . Jacobsson, B. (2007). A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl, 109(suppl 109), 8-14.
Rosenbaum, P. L., Palisano, R. J., Bartlett, D. J., Galuppi, B. E., & Russell, D. J. (2008). Development of the gross motor function classification system for cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 50(4), 249-253.
Ross, S. A., & Engsberg, J. R. (2007). Relationships between spasticity, strength, gait, and the GMFM-66 in persons with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 88(9), 1114-1120.
Sankar, C., & Mundkur, N. (2005). Cerebral palsy-definition, classification, etiology and early diagnosis. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 72(10), 865-868.
Serdaroglu, A., Cansu, A., Md, S. Ö., & Tezcan, S. (2006). Prevalence of cerebral palsy in Turkish children between the ages of 2 and 16 years. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 48(6), 413-416.
Shamsoddini, A., Amirsalari, S., Hollisaz, M.-T., Rahimnia, A., & Khatibi-Aghda, A. (2014). Management of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 24(4), 345.
Siritaratiwat, W., Inthachom, R., & Warnset, S. (2012). The usage of a hand-made chair at home for children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy: preliminary study. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand= Chotmaihet thangphaet, 95(2), 198.
Stetz, K. M., & Brown, M. A. (1997). Taking care: caregiving to persons with cancer and AIDS. Cancer Nursing, 20(1), 12-22.
Streiner, D. L., Norman, G. R., & Cairney, J. (2015). Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use: Oxford University Press, USA.
Tur, B. S., Küçükdeveci, A. A., Kutlay, Ş., Yavuzer, G., Elhan, A. H., & Tennant, A. (2009). Psychometric properties of the WeeFIM in children with cerebral palsy in Turkey. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51(9), 732-738.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Sports Medicine

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Fatih Özden ^*
0000-0001-6593-3758
Türkiye

Ahmet Arık This is me
0000-0003-4619-8692
Türkiye

Mehmet Özkeskin
0000-0001-7052-9549
Türkiye

Serkan Bakırhan
0000-0003-0044-8203
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 20, 2021

Submission Date

November 30, 2020

Acceptance Date

February 11, 2021

Published in Issue

Year 2021 Volume: 4 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.833840

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA48US99XJ

APA

Özden, F., Arık, A., Özkeskin, M., & Bakırhan, S. (2021). The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels with Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 4(1), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.833840

AMA

1.Özden F, Arık A, Özkeskin M, Bakırhan S. The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels with Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2021;4(1):38-44. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.833840

Chicago

Özden, Fatih, Ahmet Arık, Mehmet Özkeskin, and Serkan Bakırhan. 2021. “The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels With Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 4 (1): 38-44. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.833840.

EndNote

Özden F, Arık A, Özkeskin M, Bakırhan S (June 1, 2021) The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels with Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 4 1 38–44.

IEEE

[1]F. Özden, A. Arık, M. Özkeskin, and S. Bakırhan, “The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels with Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 38–44, June 2021, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.833840.

ISNAD

Özden, Fatih - Arık, Ahmet - Özkeskin, Mehmet - Bakırhan, Serkan. “The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels With Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 4/1 (June 1, 2021): 38-44. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.833840.

JAMA

1.Özden F, Arık A, Özkeskin M, Bakırhan S. The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels with Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2021;4:38–44.

MLA

Özden, Fatih, et al. “The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels With Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, June 2021, pp. 38-44, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.833840.

Vancouver

1.Fatih Özden, Ahmet Arık, Mehmet Özkeskin, Serkan Bakırhan. The Relationship Between Caregiver Workload and Stress Levels with Clinical Symptom Severity in Cerebral Palsy. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2021 Jun. 1;4(1):38-44. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.833840

Cited By

The effect of motor and functional independence of disabled children on musculoskeletal disorders in pediatric caregivers: A cross-sectional study

Journal of Surgery and Medicine

https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.1000789

Artificial intelligence in personalized rehabilitation: current applications and a SWOT analysis

Frontiers in Digital Health

https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1606088