Comparison of Upper Extremity Physical Fitness Levels in Wheelchair Archery and Basketball Athletes

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 73 - 79, 20.06.2021

Ayşe Büşra Erten Gülay Aras Bayram Candan Algun

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.885201

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between upper extremity physical fitness levels of wheelchair archery and wheelchair basketball athletes. Methods: Ten wheelchair basketball players and ten wheelchair archers, who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Athletes were divided into two groups according to their sports branch. Hand grip strength, shoulder flexibility, reaction time, trunk balance and upper extremity muscle strength were measured among the upper extremity physical fitness parameters. Measurements were repeated separately for both upper extremities. In addition, the demographic data of the individuals were recorded through the questionnaire. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age, height, weight and body mass index (p>0.05). The duration of disability and the year of doing sports were significantly higher in basketball athletes, while weekly training hours were significantly higher in archery athletes (p<0.05). When the groups were compared, there was a statistically significant difference in right hand grip strength, trunk balance and all upper extremity muscle strength parameters in favor of wheelchair basketball athletes (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in left hand grip strength, shoulder flexibility and reaction time of all upper extremities between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: According to results, it was thought that these differences between two different sports groups are due to the different nature of the two sports branches and the fact that individuals cannot be distributed homogenously between groups according to the types of disabilities.

Keywords

''physical fitness'', ''paralympic'', ''archery'', ''whellchair'', ''basketball''

References

• Adegoke, B. O. A., Ogwumike, O. O., & Olatemiju, A. (2002). Dynamic balance and level of lesion in spinal cord injured patients. African journal of medicine and medical sciences, 31(4), 357-360.
• Ambrose, K. R., & Golightly, Y. M. (2015). Physical exercise as non-pharmacological treatment of chronic pain: why and when. Best practice & research Clinical rheumatology, 29(1), 120-130.
• Barry, D. W., Hansen, K. C., Van Pelt, R. E., Witten, M., Wolfe, P., & Kohrt, W. M. (2011). Acute calcium ingestion attenuates exercise-induced disruption of calcium homeostasis. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 43(4), 617.
• Cömert, E., Ün Yıldırım, N., & Ergun, N. (2010). Tekerlekli sandalye basketbol oyuncularında üst ekstremite fonksiyonlarının değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Sports, 62-69.
• Darilgen, A., & Yıldırım, N. Ü. (2008). Tekerlekli sandalye basketbol oyuncularında fiziksel uygunluğun değerlendirilmesi. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon, 19(2), 64-73.
• Dewhurst, S., & Bampouras, T. M. (2014). Intraday reliability and sensitivity of four functional ability tests in older women. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 93(8), 703-707.
• Ergun, N., Düzgün, İ., & Aslan, E. (2008). Tekerlekli sandalye basketbol oyunlarında deneyim yılının fiziksel uygunluk, spor becerisi ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisi. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon, 19(2), 55-63.
• Frøsig, C., & Richter, E. A. (2009). Improved insulin sensitivity after exercise: focus on insulin signaling. Obesity, 17(S3), S15-S20.
• Gagnon, D. H., Roy, A., Gabison, S., Duclos, C., Verrier, M. C., & Nadeau, S. (2016). Effects of seated postural stability and trunk and upper extremity strength on performance during manual wheelchair propulsion tests in individuals with spinal cord injury: an exploratory study. Rehabilitation research and practice, 2016.
• Gerodimos, V. (2012). Reliability of handgrip strength test in basketball players. Journal of human kinetics, 31(1), 25-36.
• Gil-Agudo, A., Del Ama-Espinosa, A., & Crespo-Ruiz, B. (2010). Wheelchair basketball quantification. Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America, 21(1), 141.
• Gil, S. M., Yanci, J., Otero, M., Olasagasti, J., Badiola, A., Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I., ... & Granados, C. (2015). The functional classification and field test performance in wheelchair basketball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 46(1), 219-230.
• Kim, R. N., Lee, J. H., Hong, S. H., Jeon, J. H., & Jeong, W. K. (2018). The Characteristics of Shoulder Muscles in Archery Athletes. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow, 21(3), 145.
• Kolat, S. (2010). Avrupa Birliği sosyal politikası çerçevesinde özürlülere yönelik ayrımcılıkla mücadele ve Türkiye'deki yansımaları. TC. Başbakanlık Özürlüler İdaresi Başkanlığı.
• Livingston, T., Bernardi, D., & Carroll, M. (2015). The Commander™ Muscle Tester User’s Manual. JTECH Medical, USA, 1-19.
• Loef, M., & Walach, H. (2012). The combined effects of healthy lifestyle behaviors on all cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Preventive medicine, 55(3), 163-170.
• Magnani, P. E., Cliquet Junior, A., & Abreu, D. C. C. D. (2017). Postural control assessment in physically active and sedentary individuals with paraplegia. Acta ortopedica brasileira, 25(4), 147-150.
• Otman, S. A., & Köse, N. (2015). Tedavi hareketlerinde temel değerlendirme prensipleri. Ankara. Pelikan Yayıncılık, 7. Baskı.
• Ozunlu, N., & Ergun, N. (2012). Trunk balance assessment in wheelchair basketball players. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon, 23, 44-50.
• Santos, S. D. S., Monteiro, C. B. D. M., Cantelli, B., Alonso, A. C., Mochizuki, L., Ré, A. H. N., & Greve, J. M. D. A. (2014). Analysis of velocity and direction of trunk movement in wheelchair basketball athletes. MedicalExpress, 1(2), 77-80.
• Tamer, K. (2000). Sporda fiziksel-fizyolojik performansın ölçülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi. Bağırgan Yayınevi.
• Thompson, W. R., Gordon, N. F., & Pescatello, L. S. (2010). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Uchida, S., Shioda, K., Morita, Y., Kubota, C., Ganeko, M., & Takeda, N. (2012). Exercise effects on sleep physiology. Frontiers in neurology, 3, 48.
• Wang, Y. T., Chen, S., Limroongreungrat, W., & Change, L. S. (2005). Contributions of selected fundamental factors to wheelchair basketball performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 37(1), 130-7.
• Yanci, J., Granados, C., Otero, M., Badiola, A., Olasagasti, J., Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I., ... & Gil, S. M. (2015). Sprint, agility, strength and endurance capacity in wheelchair basketball players. Biology of Sport, 32(1), 71.