Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 345 - 354, 25.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1294268

Abstract

References

  • Amato, M. P., Ponziani, G., Pracucci, G., Bracco, L., Siracusa, G., & Amaducci, L. (1995). Cognitive impairment in early-onset multiple sclerosis. Pattern, predictors, and impact on everyday life in a 4-year follow-up. Archives of neurology, 52(2), 168–172. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1995.00540260072019
  • Amato, M. P., Portaccio, E., Goretti, B., Zipoli, V., Hakiki, B., Giannini, M., Pastò, L., & Razzolini, L. (2010). Cognitive impairment in early stages of multiple sclerosis. Neurological Sciences: Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 31(2), 211–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-010-0376-4
  • Anhoque, C. F., Biccas Neto, L., Domingues, S. C. A., Teixeira, A. L., & Domingues, R. B. (2012). Cognitive impairment in patients with clinically isolated syndrome. Dementia & neuropsychologia, 6(4), 266–269. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-57642012DN06040011
  • Beatty, W. W., Blanco, C. R., Wilbanks, S. L., Paul, R. H., & Hames, K. A. (1995). Demographic, clinical, and cognitive characteristics of multiple sclerosis patients who continue to work. Journal of Neurologic Rehabilitation, 9(3), 167-173.
  • Benedict, R. H., & Zivadinov, R. (2011). Risk factors for and management of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Nature reviews. Neurology, 7(6), 332–342. https:// doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2011.61
  • Benedict, R. H., Amato, M. P., Boringa, J., Brochet, B., Foley, F., Fredrikson, S., Hamalainen, P., Hartung, H., Krupp, L., Penner, I., Reder, A. T., & Langdon, D. (2012). Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS): international standards for validation. BMC neurology, 12, 55. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-12-55
  • Benedict, R. H., Wahlig, E., Bakshi, R., Fishman, I., Munschauer, F., Zivadinov, R., & Weinstock-Guttman, B. (2005). Predicting quality of life in multiple sclerosis: accounting for physical disability, fatigue, cognition, mood disorder, personality, and behavior change. Journal of the neurological sciences, 231(1-2), 29–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2004.12.009
  • Bøe Lunde, H. M., Telstad, W., Grytten, N., Kyte, L., Aarseth, J., Myhr, K. M., & Bø, L. (2014). Employment among patients with multiple sclerosis-a population study. PloS one, 9(7), e103317. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0103317
  • Cinar, B. P., Kösehasanoğulları, G., Yigit, P., & Ozakbas, S. (2017). Cognitive dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with first-line disease-modifying therapy: a multi-center, controlled study using the BICAMS battery. Neurological sciences: official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 38(2), 337–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-016-2775-7
  • Clemens, L., & Langdon, D. (2018). How does cognition relate to employment in multiple sclerosis? A systematic review. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 26, 183–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2018.09.018
  • De Meo, E., Portaccio, E., Giorgio, A., Ruano, L., Goretti, B., Niccolai, C., Patti, F., Chisari, C. G., Gallo, P., Grossi, P., Ghezzi, A., Roscio, M., Mattioli, F., Stampatori, C., Simone, M., Viterbo, R. G., Bonacchi, R., Rocca, M. A., De Stefano, N., Filippi, M., Amato, M. P. (2021). Identifying the Distinct Cognitive Phenotypes in Multiple Sclerosis. JAMA neurology, 78(4), 414–425. https://doi.org /10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.4920
  • DiGiuseppe, G., Blair, M., & Morrow, S. A. (2018). Short Report: Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment in Newly Diagnosed Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. International journal of MS care, 20(4), 153–157. https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073. 2017-029
  • Fox, R. J., Bacon, T. E., Chamot, E., Salter, A. R., Cutter, G. R., Kalina, J. T., & Kister, I. (2015). Prevalence of multiple sclerosis symptoms across lifespan: data from the NARCOMS Registry. Neurodegenerative disease management, 5(6 Suppl), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt.15.55
  • Giedraitienė, N., Kizlaitienė, R., & Kaubrys, G. (2015). The BICAMS Battery for Assessment of Lithuanian-Speaking Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Relationship with Age, Education, Disease Disability, and Duration. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 21, 3853–3859. https://doi.org/ 10.12659/msm.896571
  • Glanz, B. I., Dégano, I. R., Rintell, D. J., Chitnis, T., Weiner, H. L., & Healy, B. C. (2012). Work productivity in relapsing multiple sclerosis: associations with disability, depression, fatigue, anxiety, cognition, and health-related quality of life. Value in Health, 15(8), 1029-1035. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jval.2012.07.010
  • Julian, L. J., Vella, L., Vollmer, T., Hadjimichael, O., & Mohr, D. C. (2008). Employment in multiple sclerosis. Exiting and re-entering the work force. Journal of Neurology, 255(9), 1354-1360. https://doi.org/10.1007 /s00415-008-0910-y
  • Kobelt, G., Thompson, A., Berg, J., Gannedahl, M., Eriksson, J., MSCOI Study Group, & European Multiple Sclerosis Platform (2017). New insights into the burden and costs of multiple sclerosis in Europe. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 23(8), 1123-1136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458517694432
  • Kurtzke, J. F. (1983). Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology, 33(11), 1444-1452. https://doi. org/10.1212/wnl.33.11.1444
  • Lambert, J., Hansen, B. B., Arnould, B., Grataloup, G., Guillemin, I., Højbjerre, L., Strandberg-Larsen, M., & Reilly, M. C. (2014). Linguistic validation into 20 languages and content validity of the rheumatoid arthritis-specific Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire. The Patient, 7(2), 171-176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40271-014-0053-4
  • Langdon, D. W. (2011). Cognition in multiple sclerosis. Current Opinion in Neurology, 24(3),244-249.https://doi.org/10.1097 /WCO.0b013e328346a43b
  • Lassmann, H. (2019). Pathogenic Mechanisms Associated With Different Clinical Courses of Multiple Sclerosis. Frontiers in Immunology,9,3116.https://doi.org/10.3389 /fimmu.2018.03116
  • Mahad, D. H., Trapp, B. D., & Lassmann, H. (2015). Pathological mechanisms in progressive multiple sclerosis. The Lancet Neurology, 14(2), 183-193. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70256-X
  • Miller, A., & Dishon, S. (2006). Health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis: The impact of disability, gender and employment status. Quality of Life Research, 15(2), 259-271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-005-0891-6
  • Mert, A. (2023). The Effects of Emotional Intelligence-Oriented Psycho-Education Programme on Problem Solving and DecisionMaking Skills. Int J Disabil Sports HealthSci;2023;6(2):207-2017.https://doi.org /10.33438/ijdshs.1264456.
  • Ozakbas, S., Yigit, P., Cinar, B. P., Limoncu, H., Kahraman, T., &Kösehasanoğulları, G. (2017). The Turkish validation of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) battery. BMC Neurology, 17(1), 208. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-017-0993-0
  • Putzki, N., Fischer, J., Gottwald, K., Reifschneider, G., Ries, S., Siever, A., Hoffmann, F., Käfferlein, W., Kausch, U., Liedtke, M., Kirchmeier, J., Gmünd, S., Richter, A., Schicklmaier, P., Niemczyk, G., Wernsdörfer, C., Hartung, H. P., & "Mensch im Mittelpunkt" Study Group. (2009). Quality of life in 1000 patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology, 16(6), 713-720.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331. 2009.02572.x
  • Rao, S. M., Leo, G. J., Bernardin, L., & Unverzagt, F. (1991a). Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. I. Frequency, patterns, and prediction. Neurology, 41(5), 685-691. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.41.5.685 Reilly, M. (2021a, February 11). WPAI translations. Reilly Associates. http://www. reillyassociates. net/WPAI_Translations.html
  • Reilly, M. (2021b, February 11). WPAI scoring. Reilly Associates. http://www. Reilly associates .net/WPAI_Scoring.html
  • Rodriguez Llorian, E., Zhang, W., Khakban, A., Patten, S., Traboulsee, A., Oh, J., Kolind, S., Prat, A., Tam, R., & Lynd, L. D. (2022). Productivity loss among people with early multiple sclerosis: A Canadian study. Multiple Sclerosis, 28(9), 1414-1423. https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585211069070
  • Schiavolin, S., Leonardi, M., Giovannetti, A. M., Antozzi, C., Brambilla, L., Confalonieri, P., Mantegazza, R., & Raggi, A. (2013). Factors related to difficulties with employment in patients with multiple sclerosis: a review of 2002-2011 literature. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 36(2), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1097/MRR.0b013e32835c79ea
  • Srpova, B., Sobisek, L., Novotna, K., Uher, T., Friedova, L., Vaneckova, M., Krasensky, J., Kubala Havrdova, E., & Horakova, D. (2022). The clinical and paraclinical correlates of employment status in multiple sclerosis. Neurological Sciences, 43(3), 1911-1920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05553-z
  • Walton, C., King, R., Rechtman, L., Kaye, W., Leray, E., Marrie, R. A., Robertson, N., La Rocca, N., Uitdehaag, B., van der Mei, I., Wallin, M., Helme, A., Angood Napier, C., Rijke, N., & Baneke, P. (2020). Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: Insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition. Multiple Sclerosis, 26(14), 1816-1821. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458520970841
  • Yamout, B. I., & Alroughani, R. (2018). Multiple Sclerosis. Seminars in Neurology, 38(2), 212-225. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1649502

The Effect of Cognitive Status on Work Productivity and Activities in Multiple Sclerosis

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 345 - 354, 25.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1294268

Abstract

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a recurrent, chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by various symptoms such as vision problems, balance, gait, and cognitive impairments. In MS, the decline in cognitive function can be a difficult symptom to detect, which may lead to negative consequences in work and social situations. Consequently, this decline could impact individuals' work productivity in multiple ways, including job termination, reduced working hours, and experiencing work-related adverse events. This study aims to examine the relationship between cognitive status and work productivity and activities in individuals with MS. Sociodemographic and occupational characteristics of the patients are also considered. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) is used to evaluate participants' cognitive status. The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI:MS) is utilized to assess work productivity and activities in MS patients. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were performed to analyze the relationship between continuous variables in the study. A total of 144 patients participated in the study. Of these patients, 81.2% have relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Working patients make up 42.4% of these individuals. In this study, it was observed that BICAMS subtest scores for working patients were higher than those of the non-working patient group. When analyzing the causal relationship between working patients' cognitive status scores and work productivity and activities, no statistically significant result was obtained. On the other hand, it is advised to look into larger patient groups to investigate the relationship between cognitive status and employment in individuals with MS.

References

  • Amato, M. P., Ponziani, G., Pracucci, G., Bracco, L., Siracusa, G., & Amaducci, L. (1995). Cognitive impairment in early-onset multiple sclerosis. Pattern, predictors, and impact on everyday life in a 4-year follow-up. Archives of neurology, 52(2), 168–172. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1995.00540260072019
  • Amato, M. P., Portaccio, E., Goretti, B., Zipoli, V., Hakiki, B., Giannini, M., Pastò, L., & Razzolini, L. (2010). Cognitive impairment in early stages of multiple sclerosis. Neurological Sciences: Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 31(2), 211–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-010-0376-4
  • Anhoque, C. F., Biccas Neto, L., Domingues, S. C. A., Teixeira, A. L., & Domingues, R. B. (2012). Cognitive impairment in patients with clinically isolated syndrome. Dementia & neuropsychologia, 6(4), 266–269. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-57642012DN06040011
  • Beatty, W. W., Blanco, C. R., Wilbanks, S. L., Paul, R. H., & Hames, K. A. (1995). Demographic, clinical, and cognitive characteristics of multiple sclerosis patients who continue to work. Journal of Neurologic Rehabilitation, 9(3), 167-173.
  • Benedict, R. H., & Zivadinov, R. (2011). Risk factors for and management of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Nature reviews. Neurology, 7(6), 332–342. https:// doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2011.61
  • Benedict, R. H., Amato, M. P., Boringa, J., Brochet, B., Foley, F., Fredrikson, S., Hamalainen, P., Hartung, H., Krupp, L., Penner, I., Reder, A. T., & Langdon, D. (2012). Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS): international standards for validation. BMC neurology, 12, 55. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-12-55
  • Benedict, R. H., Wahlig, E., Bakshi, R., Fishman, I., Munschauer, F., Zivadinov, R., & Weinstock-Guttman, B. (2005). Predicting quality of life in multiple sclerosis: accounting for physical disability, fatigue, cognition, mood disorder, personality, and behavior change. Journal of the neurological sciences, 231(1-2), 29–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2004.12.009
  • Bøe Lunde, H. M., Telstad, W., Grytten, N., Kyte, L., Aarseth, J., Myhr, K. M., & Bø, L. (2014). Employment among patients with multiple sclerosis-a population study. PloS one, 9(7), e103317. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0103317
  • Cinar, B. P., Kösehasanoğulları, G., Yigit, P., & Ozakbas, S. (2017). Cognitive dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with first-line disease-modifying therapy: a multi-center, controlled study using the BICAMS battery. Neurological sciences: official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 38(2), 337–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-016-2775-7
  • Clemens, L., & Langdon, D. (2018). How does cognition relate to employment in multiple sclerosis? A systematic review. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 26, 183–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2018.09.018
  • De Meo, E., Portaccio, E., Giorgio, A., Ruano, L., Goretti, B., Niccolai, C., Patti, F., Chisari, C. G., Gallo, P., Grossi, P., Ghezzi, A., Roscio, M., Mattioli, F., Stampatori, C., Simone, M., Viterbo, R. G., Bonacchi, R., Rocca, M. A., De Stefano, N., Filippi, M., Amato, M. P. (2021). Identifying the Distinct Cognitive Phenotypes in Multiple Sclerosis. JAMA neurology, 78(4), 414–425. https://doi.org /10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.4920
  • DiGiuseppe, G., Blair, M., & Morrow, S. A. (2018). Short Report: Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment in Newly Diagnosed Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. International journal of MS care, 20(4), 153–157. https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073. 2017-029
  • Fox, R. J., Bacon, T. E., Chamot, E., Salter, A. R., Cutter, G. R., Kalina, J. T., & Kister, I. (2015). Prevalence of multiple sclerosis symptoms across lifespan: data from the NARCOMS Registry. Neurodegenerative disease management, 5(6 Suppl), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt.15.55
  • Giedraitienė, N., Kizlaitienė, R., & Kaubrys, G. (2015). The BICAMS Battery for Assessment of Lithuanian-Speaking Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Relationship with Age, Education, Disease Disability, and Duration. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 21, 3853–3859. https://doi.org/ 10.12659/msm.896571
  • Glanz, B. I., Dégano, I. R., Rintell, D. J., Chitnis, T., Weiner, H. L., & Healy, B. C. (2012). Work productivity in relapsing multiple sclerosis: associations with disability, depression, fatigue, anxiety, cognition, and health-related quality of life. Value in Health, 15(8), 1029-1035. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jval.2012.07.010
  • Julian, L. J., Vella, L., Vollmer, T., Hadjimichael, O., & Mohr, D. C. (2008). Employment in multiple sclerosis. Exiting and re-entering the work force. Journal of Neurology, 255(9), 1354-1360. https://doi.org/10.1007 /s00415-008-0910-y
  • Kobelt, G., Thompson, A., Berg, J., Gannedahl, M., Eriksson, J., MSCOI Study Group, & European Multiple Sclerosis Platform (2017). New insights into the burden and costs of multiple sclerosis in Europe. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 23(8), 1123-1136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458517694432
  • Kurtzke, J. F. (1983). Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology, 33(11), 1444-1452. https://doi. org/10.1212/wnl.33.11.1444
  • Lambert, J., Hansen, B. B., Arnould, B., Grataloup, G., Guillemin, I., Højbjerre, L., Strandberg-Larsen, M., & Reilly, M. C. (2014). Linguistic validation into 20 languages and content validity of the rheumatoid arthritis-specific Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire. The Patient, 7(2), 171-176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40271-014-0053-4
  • Langdon, D. W. (2011). Cognition in multiple sclerosis. Current Opinion in Neurology, 24(3),244-249.https://doi.org/10.1097 /WCO.0b013e328346a43b
  • Lassmann, H. (2019). Pathogenic Mechanisms Associated With Different Clinical Courses of Multiple Sclerosis. Frontiers in Immunology,9,3116.https://doi.org/10.3389 /fimmu.2018.03116
  • Mahad, D. H., Trapp, B. D., & Lassmann, H. (2015). Pathological mechanisms in progressive multiple sclerosis. The Lancet Neurology, 14(2), 183-193. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70256-X
  • Miller, A., & Dishon, S. (2006). Health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis: The impact of disability, gender and employment status. Quality of Life Research, 15(2), 259-271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-005-0891-6
  • Mert, A. (2023). The Effects of Emotional Intelligence-Oriented Psycho-Education Programme on Problem Solving and DecisionMaking Skills. Int J Disabil Sports HealthSci;2023;6(2):207-2017.https://doi.org /10.33438/ijdshs.1264456.
  • Ozakbas, S., Yigit, P., Cinar, B. P., Limoncu, H., Kahraman, T., &Kösehasanoğulları, G. (2017). The Turkish validation of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) battery. BMC Neurology, 17(1), 208. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-017-0993-0
  • Putzki, N., Fischer, J., Gottwald, K., Reifschneider, G., Ries, S., Siever, A., Hoffmann, F., Käfferlein, W., Kausch, U., Liedtke, M., Kirchmeier, J., Gmünd, S., Richter, A., Schicklmaier, P., Niemczyk, G., Wernsdörfer, C., Hartung, H. P., & "Mensch im Mittelpunkt" Study Group. (2009). Quality of life in 1000 patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology, 16(6), 713-720.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331. 2009.02572.x
  • Rao, S. M., Leo, G. J., Bernardin, L., & Unverzagt, F. (1991a). Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. I. Frequency, patterns, and prediction. Neurology, 41(5), 685-691. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.41.5.685 Reilly, M. (2021a, February 11). WPAI translations. Reilly Associates. http://www. reillyassociates. net/WPAI_Translations.html
  • Reilly, M. (2021b, February 11). WPAI scoring. Reilly Associates. http://www. Reilly associates .net/WPAI_Scoring.html
  • Rodriguez Llorian, E., Zhang, W., Khakban, A., Patten, S., Traboulsee, A., Oh, J., Kolind, S., Prat, A., Tam, R., & Lynd, L. D. (2022). Productivity loss among people with early multiple sclerosis: A Canadian study. Multiple Sclerosis, 28(9), 1414-1423. https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585211069070
  • Schiavolin, S., Leonardi, M., Giovannetti, A. M., Antozzi, C., Brambilla, L., Confalonieri, P., Mantegazza, R., & Raggi, A. (2013). Factors related to difficulties with employment in patients with multiple sclerosis: a review of 2002-2011 literature. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 36(2), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1097/MRR.0b013e32835c79ea
  • Srpova, B., Sobisek, L., Novotna, K., Uher, T., Friedova, L., Vaneckova, M., Krasensky, J., Kubala Havrdova, E., & Horakova, D. (2022). The clinical and paraclinical correlates of employment status in multiple sclerosis. Neurological Sciences, 43(3), 1911-1920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05553-z
  • Walton, C., King, R., Rechtman, L., Kaye, W., Leray, E., Marrie, R. A., Robertson, N., La Rocca, N., Uitdehaag, B., van der Mei, I., Wallin, M., Helme, A., Angood Napier, C., Rijke, N., & Baneke, P. (2020). Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: Insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition. Multiple Sclerosis, 26(14), 1816-1821. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458520970841
  • Yamout, B. I., & Alroughani, R. (2018). Multiple Sclerosis. Seminars in Neurology, 38(2), 212-225. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1649502
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Meryem Koçaslan Toran 0000-0002-6956-2445

Seyda Ozcan 0000-0003-0841-2563

Early Pub Date September 20, 2023
Publication Date October 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Koçaslan Toran, M., & Ozcan, S. (2023). The Effect of Cognitive Status on Work Productivity and Activities in Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 6(3), 345-354. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1294268
AMA Koçaslan Toran M, Ozcan S. The Effect of Cognitive Status on Work Productivity and Activities in Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. October 2023;6(3):345-354. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1294268
Chicago Koçaslan Toran, Meryem, and Seyda Ozcan. “The Effect of Cognitive Status on Work Productivity and Activities in Multiple Sclerosis”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6, no. 3 (October 2023): 345-54. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1294268.
EndNote Koçaslan Toran M, Ozcan S (October 1, 2023) The Effect of Cognitive Status on Work Productivity and Activities in Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6 3 345–354.
IEEE M. Koçaslan Toran and S. Ozcan, “The Effect of Cognitive Status on Work Productivity and Activities in Multiple Sclerosis”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 345–354, 2023, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1294268.
ISNAD Koçaslan Toran, Meryem - Ozcan, Seyda. “The Effect of Cognitive Status on Work Productivity and Activities in Multiple Sclerosis”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6/3 (October 2023), 345-354. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1294268.
JAMA Koçaslan Toran M, Ozcan S. The Effect of Cognitive Status on Work Productivity and Activities in Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2023;6:345–354.
MLA Koçaslan Toran, Meryem and Seyda Ozcan. “The Effect of Cognitive Status on Work Productivity and Activities in Multiple Sclerosis”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. 3, 2023, pp. 345-54, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1294268.
Vancouver Koçaslan Toran M, Ozcan S. The Effect of Cognitive Status on Work Productivity and Activities in Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2023;6(3):345-54.


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