Dissertation
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Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people, 227 - 239, 25.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1355219

Abstract

References

  • Akbuğa, B., & Gürsel, F. (2007). Changing Attitudes of Physical Education and Sports School Students Towards Disabled Individuals through Information. Ankara University School of Physical Education and Sports SPORMETRE Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 5(1), 005–008. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000119
  • Alreck, P. L., & Settle, R. B. (1995). The Survey Research Handbook: Guidelines and Strategies for Conducting a Survey. IRWIN Professional Publishing.
  • Altınışık, Ü., İlhan, E. L., & Kurtipek, S. (2021). Awareness of the Effects of Sports on Mentally Disabled Individuals: A Research on Sports Manager Candidates. CBU Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 16(2), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.33459/ cbubesbd.973598
  • Armstrong, M., Morris, C., Abraham, C., Ukoumunne, O. C., & Tarrant, M. (2016). Children’s contact with people with disabilities and their attitudes towards disability: a cross-sectional study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(9), 879–888. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.1074727
  • Barr, J. J., & Bracchitta, K. (2015). Attitudes Toward Individuals with Disabilities: The Effects of Contact with Different Disability Types. Current Psychology, 34(2), 223–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-014-9253-2
  • Baş, M., Ün, Y., Özsandikçi, K., & Terzioğlu, E. S. (2021). Investigation of Special Education and Branch Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Physical Education and Sports Activities of Individuals with Special Needs. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 15(10), 3441–3444. https://doi.org/10.53350/ pjmhs2115103441
  • Başkonuş, T., & Akdal, D. (2021). Examination of Special Education Teacher Candidates' Attitudes Towards Sports and Sports Activities of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. Necşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Journal of ISS, 11(1), 1–20.
  • Blackwell, R. B. (1972). Study of Effective and Ineffective Teachers of the Trainable Mentally Retarded. Exceptional Children, 39(2), 139–143. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 001440297203900206
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Handbook of Data Analysis for Social Sciences. Pegem Akademi Publishing House. Canpolat, B. (2020). Need for Physical Education and Sports Teachers for Disabled Students. Sivas Cumhuriyet University Journal of Sports Sciences, 1(1), 17–28. http://cuspor. cumhuriyet.edu.tr/tr/download/article-file/1195069
  • Canpolat, B., & Akyol, B. (2022). Development of the Paralympic Sports Awareness Scale (PSS) for Sports Sciences Students: Validity and Reliability Study. İnönü University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 9(3), 1–24.
  • Çar, B., Yarayan, Y. E., İlhan, E. L., & Güzel, N. A. (2019). Awareness of the Effects of Sports on Individuals with Mental Disabilities: A Research on Physiotherapist Candidates. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 13(3), 267–273.
  • Cumming, S. P., Smoll, F. L., Smith, R. E., & Grossbard, J. R. (2007). Is Winning Everything? The Relative Contributions of Motivational Climate and Won-Lost Percentage in Youth Sports. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19(3), 322–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200701342640
  • Diken, İ. H., & Sucuoğlu, B. (1999). Comparison of the Attitudes of Classroom Teachers with and without Mentally Disabled Children in their Classes towards the Inclusion of Mentally Disabled Children. Special Education Journal, 2(3), 25–39.
  • Dursun, M., Güler, B., & M. Bozkurt, T. (2019). Examination of Teacher Candidates' Attitudes Towards the Participation of Mentally Disabled Individuals in Sports Activities. Niğde University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 13(3), 202–209.
  • Favazza, P. C., Phillipsen, L., & Kumar, P. (2000). Measuring and Promoting Acceptance of Young Children with Disabilities. Exceptional Children, 66(4), 491–508. https ://doi.org/10.1177/001440290006600404
  • García, P. S., & González, V. B. (2021). Physical Education teachers’ attitudes towards the inclusion of students with disabilities. Retos-Nuevas Tendencıas En Educacıon Fısıca Deporte Y Recreacıon, 39, 7–12.
  • Gülünay, Y. İ., Kayışoğlu, N., & İlhan, L. (2009). Examination of Physical Education Teacher Candidates' Attitudes Towards Mentally Disabled Children According to Various Variables. Karabük University Social Sciences Institute Journal, 9(2), 626–639.
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Research Methods in Social Sciences. Seçkin Publishing House. Guttman, L. (1978). Book Review: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Approaches in Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 71(4), 309–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/014107687807100427
  • Hanrahan, J., Goodman, W., & Rapagna, S. (1990). Preparing mentally retarded students for mainstreaming: priorities of regular class and special school teachers. Am J Ment Retard, 94(5), 470–474.
  • Hüseyin, K., Esentürk, O., İlhan, E. L., Yılmaz, A., & Kaynak, K. (2016). Examination of the Awareness Levels of Primary Education, Special Education and Rehabilitation Center Teachers and Physical Education and Sports Teacher Candidates towards the Effects of Mentally Disabled Individuals' Participation in Physical Exercise. Manas Journal of Social Studies, 5(4), 231–244.
  • Huskin, P. R., Reiser-Robbins, C., & Kwon, S. (2018). Attitudes of Undergraduate Students Toward Persons With Disabilities: Exploring Effects of Contact Experience on Social Distance Across Ten Disability Types. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 62(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034355217727600
  • Kalyva, E., & Agaliotis, I. (2009). Can contact affect Greek children’s understanding of and attitudes towards peers with physical disabilities? European Journal of Special Needs Education, 24(2), 213–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856250902793701
  • Kemeç, D. G., Tekkurşun Demir, G., & Koç, S. (2018). Doctor Candidates' Awareness of the Effects of Sports on Individuals with Mental Disabilities. Gaziantep University Journal of Sports Sciences. https://doi.org/10.31680/ gaunjss.448576
  • Kırımoğlu, H., Yılmaz, A., Soyer, F., Beyleroğlu, M., & İlhan, E. L. (2016). Awareness of the Effects of Sports on Mentally Disabled Individuals: A Research on Physical Education Teacher Candidates. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 10(1), 80–88.
  • Kuyulu, İ., & Beltekin, İ. (2020). Trainer Behaviors and Athlete Character Relationship. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 9(6), 86–98.
  • Özbolat, G., & Şehitoğlu, Y. (2018). The Relationship Between Employee Voice and Communication Satisfaction: A Research in the Banking Sector. Yıldız Social Sciences Institute Journal, 2(2), 35–49.
  • Papadopoulou, D., Kokaridas, D., Papanikolaou, Z., & Patsiaouras, A. (2004). Attitudes of Greek Physical Education Teachers toward Inclusion of Students with Disabilities. International Journal of Special Education, 19(2), 104–111.
  • Rubin, A., & Babie, E. R. (2017). Research Methods for Social Work.
  • Şahin, F., & Güldenoğlu, B. (2013). The Effect of the Education Program on Disabled People on Attitudes Towards Disabled People. Amasya Education Journal, 2(1), 214–239.
  • Sarı, H. Y., Bektaş, M., & Altıparmak, S. (2010). Determining the attitudes of nursing students towards disabled people. New Medical Journal, 27(2), 80–83.
  • Shalev, R. A., Asmus, J. M., Carter, E. W., & Moss, C. K. (2016). Attitudes of High School Students toward their Classmates with Severe Disabilities: a Pilot Study. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 28(4), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10882-016-9489-x
  • Shapiro, D. R., & Pitts, B. G. (2014). What Little Do We Know: Content Analysis of Disability Sport in Sport Management Literature. Journal of Sport Management, 28(6), 657–671. https://doi.org/10.1123/JSM.2013-0258
  • Sönmezoğlu, U., Tosun, A., & Yildiz, K. (2021). A Qualitative Research on Sport and Education for The Disabled from The Perspective of Sports Managers and Trainers. Sport i Turystyka. Środ kowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe, 4(3), 49–73. https:// doi.org/10.16926/sit.2021.04.18
  • Tekkurşun Demir, G., & İlhan, E. L. (2019). Determining the attitudes of nursing students towards disabled people. New Medical Journal, 4(1), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.525455 Thompson, T. L. C., Emrich, K., & Moore, G. (2003). The Effect of Curriculum on the Attitudes of Nursing Students Toward Disability. Rehabilitation Nursing, 28(1), 27–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2048-7940.2003.tb01718.x Uysal, A., Albayrak, B., Koçulu, B., Kan, F., & Aydın, T. (2014). Attitudes of nursing students toward people with disabilities. Nurse Education Today, 34(2), 878–884. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2013.09.001
  • Yaşın, İ., & İlhan, L. (2021). Attitude Profiles of Physical Education Teachers Towards Sports Activities of Mentally Disabled Individuals. Journal of Sport for All and Recreation, 3(1), 30–35.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Yüksel, M. F. (2022). Determination of Physical Education and Sports Teacher Candidates Attitudes and Awareness Levels Towards the Effects of Sports on Intellectually Disabled Individuals. Türk Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.46385/tsbd.1177496

Paralympic Awareness of Sports Science Students: Example of TRB1 Region

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people, 227 - 239, 25.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1355219

Abstract

Students studying in the field of sports sciences, upon graduation, serve as professionals in various sectors of our country's sports industry. The awareness levels of sports professionals regarding the Paralympic Games, the largest sports event for disabled individuals worldwide, could be an important factor affecting the sports lives of disabled individuals. Therefore, the problem of our study is formed by the perception levels of sports science students, who will become sports professionals in the future, about the Paralympic Games. To achieve this aim, the Attitude Scale Towards Individuals with Special Needs and the Paralympic Sports Awareness Scale were administered to undergraduate sports science students in the TRB1 region cities (Bingöl, Elazığ, Malatya, and Tunceli) designated by the Turkish Statistical Institute. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and Eviews Programs with Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. The analysis results revealed significant differences both in the total scale and sub-dimensions concerning the perceptions of sports science students about Paralympic awareness in terms of demographic questions and their thoughts about disabled individuals. According to the results, while the Paralympic Interests of females significantly differ, departments where students major in Physical Education and Sports Education, and the universities attended by them, have a more positive impact in terms of variables. Furthermore, sports science students who have received courses related to disabled individuals, have experience working with them, or intend to work with disabled individuals also significantly differ in favor of Paralympic awareness.

References

  • Akbuğa, B., & Gürsel, F. (2007). Changing Attitudes of Physical Education and Sports School Students Towards Disabled Individuals through Information. Ankara University School of Physical Education and Sports SPORMETRE Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 5(1), 005–008. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000119
  • Alreck, P. L., & Settle, R. B. (1995). The Survey Research Handbook: Guidelines and Strategies for Conducting a Survey. IRWIN Professional Publishing.
  • Altınışık, Ü., İlhan, E. L., & Kurtipek, S. (2021). Awareness of the Effects of Sports on Mentally Disabled Individuals: A Research on Sports Manager Candidates. CBU Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 16(2), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.33459/ cbubesbd.973598
  • Armstrong, M., Morris, C., Abraham, C., Ukoumunne, O. C., & Tarrant, M. (2016). Children’s contact with people with disabilities and their attitudes towards disability: a cross-sectional study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(9), 879–888. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.1074727
  • Barr, J. J., & Bracchitta, K. (2015). Attitudes Toward Individuals with Disabilities: The Effects of Contact with Different Disability Types. Current Psychology, 34(2), 223–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-014-9253-2
  • Baş, M., Ün, Y., Özsandikçi, K., & Terzioğlu, E. S. (2021). Investigation of Special Education and Branch Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Physical Education and Sports Activities of Individuals with Special Needs. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 15(10), 3441–3444. https://doi.org/10.53350/ pjmhs2115103441
  • Başkonuş, T., & Akdal, D. (2021). Examination of Special Education Teacher Candidates' Attitudes Towards Sports and Sports Activities of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. Necşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Journal of ISS, 11(1), 1–20.
  • Blackwell, R. B. (1972). Study of Effective and Ineffective Teachers of the Trainable Mentally Retarded. Exceptional Children, 39(2), 139–143. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 001440297203900206
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Handbook of Data Analysis for Social Sciences. Pegem Akademi Publishing House. Canpolat, B. (2020). Need for Physical Education and Sports Teachers for Disabled Students. Sivas Cumhuriyet University Journal of Sports Sciences, 1(1), 17–28. http://cuspor. cumhuriyet.edu.tr/tr/download/article-file/1195069
  • Canpolat, B., & Akyol, B. (2022). Development of the Paralympic Sports Awareness Scale (PSS) for Sports Sciences Students: Validity and Reliability Study. İnönü University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 9(3), 1–24.
  • Çar, B., Yarayan, Y. E., İlhan, E. L., & Güzel, N. A. (2019). Awareness of the Effects of Sports on Individuals with Mental Disabilities: A Research on Physiotherapist Candidates. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 13(3), 267–273.
  • Cumming, S. P., Smoll, F. L., Smith, R. E., & Grossbard, J. R. (2007). Is Winning Everything? The Relative Contributions of Motivational Climate and Won-Lost Percentage in Youth Sports. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19(3), 322–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200701342640
  • Diken, İ. H., & Sucuoğlu, B. (1999). Comparison of the Attitudes of Classroom Teachers with and without Mentally Disabled Children in their Classes towards the Inclusion of Mentally Disabled Children. Special Education Journal, 2(3), 25–39.
  • Dursun, M., Güler, B., & M. Bozkurt, T. (2019). Examination of Teacher Candidates' Attitudes Towards the Participation of Mentally Disabled Individuals in Sports Activities. Niğde University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 13(3), 202–209.
  • Favazza, P. C., Phillipsen, L., & Kumar, P. (2000). Measuring and Promoting Acceptance of Young Children with Disabilities. Exceptional Children, 66(4), 491–508. https ://doi.org/10.1177/001440290006600404
  • García, P. S., & González, V. B. (2021). Physical Education teachers’ attitudes towards the inclusion of students with disabilities. Retos-Nuevas Tendencıas En Educacıon Fısıca Deporte Y Recreacıon, 39, 7–12.
  • Gülünay, Y. İ., Kayışoğlu, N., & İlhan, L. (2009). Examination of Physical Education Teacher Candidates' Attitudes Towards Mentally Disabled Children According to Various Variables. Karabük University Social Sciences Institute Journal, 9(2), 626–639.
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Research Methods in Social Sciences. Seçkin Publishing House. Guttman, L. (1978). Book Review: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Approaches in Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 71(4), 309–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/014107687807100427
  • Hanrahan, J., Goodman, W., & Rapagna, S. (1990). Preparing mentally retarded students for mainstreaming: priorities of regular class and special school teachers. Am J Ment Retard, 94(5), 470–474.
  • Hüseyin, K., Esentürk, O., İlhan, E. L., Yılmaz, A., & Kaynak, K. (2016). Examination of the Awareness Levels of Primary Education, Special Education and Rehabilitation Center Teachers and Physical Education and Sports Teacher Candidates towards the Effects of Mentally Disabled Individuals' Participation in Physical Exercise. Manas Journal of Social Studies, 5(4), 231–244.
  • Huskin, P. R., Reiser-Robbins, C., & Kwon, S. (2018). Attitudes of Undergraduate Students Toward Persons With Disabilities: Exploring Effects of Contact Experience on Social Distance Across Ten Disability Types. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 62(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034355217727600
  • Kalyva, E., & Agaliotis, I. (2009). Can contact affect Greek children’s understanding of and attitudes towards peers with physical disabilities? European Journal of Special Needs Education, 24(2), 213–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856250902793701
  • Kemeç, D. G., Tekkurşun Demir, G., & Koç, S. (2018). Doctor Candidates' Awareness of the Effects of Sports on Individuals with Mental Disabilities. Gaziantep University Journal of Sports Sciences. https://doi.org/10.31680/ gaunjss.448576
  • Kırımoğlu, H., Yılmaz, A., Soyer, F., Beyleroğlu, M., & İlhan, E. L. (2016). Awareness of the Effects of Sports on Mentally Disabled Individuals: A Research on Physical Education Teacher Candidates. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 10(1), 80–88.
  • Kuyulu, İ., & Beltekin, İ. (2020). Trainer Behaviors and Athlete Character Relationship. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 9(6), 86–98.
  • Özbolat, G., & Şehitoğlu, Y. (2018). The Relationship Between Employee Voice and Communication Satisfaction: A Research in the Banking Sector. Yıldız Social Sciences Institute Journal, 2(2), 35–49.
  • Papadopoulou, D., Kokaridas, D., Papanikolaou, Z., & Patsiaouras, A. (2004). Attitudes of Greek Physical Education Teachers toward Inclusion of Students with Disabilities. International Journal of Special Education, 19(2), 104–111.
  • Rubin, A., & Babie, E. R. (2017). Research Methods for Social Work.
  • Şahin, F., & Güldenoğlu, B. (2013). The Effect of the Education Program on Disabled People on Attitudes Towards Disabled People. Amasya Education Journal, 2(1), 214–239.
  • Sarı, H. Y., Bektaş, M., & Altıparmak, S. (2010). Determining the attitudes of nursing students towards disabled people. New Medical Journal, 27(2), 80–83.
  • Shalev, R. A., Asmus, J. M., Carter, E. W., & Moss, C. K. (2016). Attitudes of High School Students toward their Classmates with Severe Disabilities: a Pilot Study. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 28(4), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10882-016-9489-x
  • Shapiro, D. R., & Pitts, B. G. (2014). What Little Do We Know: Content Analysis of Disability Sport in Sport Management Literature. Journal of Sport Management, 28(6), 657–671. https://doi.org/10.1123/JSM.2013-0258
  • Sönmezoğlu, U., Tosun, A., & Yildiz, K. (2021). A Qualitative Research on Sport and Education for The Disabled from The Perspective of Sports Managers and Trainers. Sport i Turystyka. Środ kowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe, 4(3), 49–73. https:// doi.org/10.16926/sit.2021.04.18
  • Tekkurşun Demir, G., & İlhan, E. L. (2019). Determining the attitudes of nursing students towards disabled people. New Medical Journal, 4(1), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.525455 Thompson, T. L. C., Emrich, K., & Moore, G. (2003). The Effect of Curriculum on the Attitudes of Nursing Students Toward Disability. Rehabilitation Nursing, 28(1), 27–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2048-7940.2003.tb01718.x Uysal, A., Albayrak, B., Koçulu, B., Kan, F., & Aydın, T. (2014). Attitudes of nursing students toward people with disabilities. Nurse Education Today, 34(2), 878–884. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2013.09.001
  • Yaşın, İ., & İlhan, L. (2021). Attitude Profiles of Physical Education Teachers Towards Sports Activities of Mentally Disabled Individuals. Journal of Sport for All and Recreation, 3(1), 30–35.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Yüksel, M. F. (2022). Determination of Physical Education and Sports Teacher Candidates Attitudes and Awareness Levels Towards the Effects of Sports on Intellectually Disabled Individuals. Türk Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.46385/tsbd.1177496
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physical Training, Sports and Physical Activity For Disabled
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Burak Canpolat 0000-0002-4768-4855

Betül Akyol 0000-0002-3836-1317

Early Pub Date October 16, 2023
Publication Date October 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people

Cite

APA Canpolat, B., & Akyol, B. (2023). Paralympic Awareness of Sports Science Students: Example of TRB1 Region. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 6(Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people), 227-239. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1355219
AMA Canpolat B, Akyol B. Paralympic Awareness of Sports Science Students: Example of TRB1 Region. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. October 2023;6(Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people):227-239. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1355219
Chicago Canpolat, Burak, and Betül Akyol. “Paralympic Awareness of Sports Science Students: Example of TRB1 Region”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6, no. Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people (October 2023): 227-39. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1355219.
EndNote Canpolat B, Akyol B (October 1, 2023) Paralympic Awareness of Sports Science Students: Example of TRB1 Region. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6 Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people 227–239.
IEEE B. Canpolat and B. Akyol, “Paralympic Awareness of Sports Science Students: Example of TRB1 Region”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people, pp. 227–239, 2023, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1355219.
ISNAD Canpolat, Burak - Akyol, Betül. “Paralympic Awareness of Sports Science Students: Example of TRB1 Region”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6/Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people (October 2023), 227-239. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1355219.
JAMA Canpolat B, Akyol B. Paralympic Awareness of Sports Science Students: Example of TRB1 Region. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2023;6:227–239.
MLA Canpolat, Burak and Betül Akyol. “Paralympic Awareness of Sports Science Students: Example of TRB1 Region”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people, 2023, pp. 227-39, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1355219.
Vancouver Canpolat B, Akyol B. Paralympic Awareness of Sports Science Students: Example of TRB1 Region. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2023;6(Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people):227-39.


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