Comparison of covid-19 Fear and perceived Stress Level in Tennis Players with Positivie and Negative PCR Results at Elazig/Turkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: Special Issue 1- Healthy Life, Sports for Disabled people, 454 - 463, 25.10.2023

Fikret Seçen Fethi Arslan , Mehmet Akif Ziyagil

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1360018

Abstract

This study aimed to the examine the fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress levels of tennis players with positive and negative PCR tests during the COVID-19 pandemic.In this study, COVID-19 fear and perceived stress levels of tennis players with positive and negative PCR in Elazig province, who continue to play tennis despite the pandemic period, were compared. The PCR test result was analyzed by taking into account the variables of gender, education level, age and duration of tennis experience. The sample of this study was determined by the accessible sampling method including 34 participants with positive PCR test status and 16 participants who were over the age of 10-49 and 16 participants who were negative questionnaire technique was used in the research. Data were collected between November 2021 and January 2022.COVID-19 fear and perceived stress level of the participants were measured. Since the data did not show a normal distribution, PCR test distributions depending on gender, age groups, education level, tennis playing time were shown in crosstables. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress levels according to gender and PCR test status. The results of this study showed that the probability of being PCR negative increased due to the increase in the duration of playing tennis in both females and males and the fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress levels did not differ between PCR positive and negative ones.In addition, as the level of education increases, the perception of insufficient self-efficacy subdimension of the perceived stress scale decreases. In conclusion, the probability of being PCR negative increases as the age groups increase. On the other hand, there is a positive correlation between the years of playing tennis in both males and females and the probability of being PCR negative.

Keywords

Covid-19, Pandemic, Tennis, Fear, Stress

References

• Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., ve Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health And Addiction, (1)9, 1537–1545.
• Altunalan, T., Demirci, D., Gül, S. and Öztel, A. (2022). The Investigation of musculoskeletal disorders, sleep quality, and fatigue of frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19. Int J Disabil Sports Health Sci; 5(2): 143-149. https://doi.org /10.33438/ijdshs.1174653
• Bakioglu, F., Korkmaz, O., ve Ercan H (2020). Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of ıntolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, 2369–2382.
• Bao, Y., Sun, Y., ve Meng, S. (2020). 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. The Lancet, 395(10224), e37-e38.
• Barzilay, R., Moore, T. M., Greenberg, D. M., Didomenico, G. E., Brown, L. A., White, L. K., Gur, R. C., ve Gur, R. E. (2020). Resilience, COVID- 19-related stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic in a large population enriched for healthcare providers. Translational Psychiatry, 10(1).
• Bhadra, S., Jiang, Y. S., Kumar, M. R., Johnson, R. F., Hensley, L. E., ve Ellington, A. D. (2015). Real-time sequence-validated loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for detection of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Plos One, 10(4), e0123126.
• Buyukozturk, S. (2016). Research Methods in Education (24th Edition). Ankara: Pegem Akademy.
• Caserotti, M., Girardi, P., Rubaltelli, E., Tasso, A., Lotto, L., ve Gavaruzzi, T. (2021). Associations of COVID-19 risk perception with vaccine hesitancy over time for Italian residents. Social Science & Medicine, 272, 113688.
• Cihan, E., Pirincci, C. S., Gercek, H., Unuvar, B. S., ve Demirdel, E. (2020). The knowledge levels, preventive behavior and risk perception on COVID-19 of the healthcare students in Turkey. SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3), 342-347.
• Dogan, M. M., ve Duzel, B. (2020). Levels of fear and anxiety in the context of COVID-19. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4), 739–52.
• Ergin, D. (1991). Sampling, Marmara University Atatürk Faculty of Education Journal of Educational Sciences,3, 111-124.
• Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., ve Dereboy, C. (2013). Adaptation of the Perceived Stress Scale to Turkish: Reliability and Validity Analysis. New Symposium Journal, 51(3), 132140.
• Frankel, J.,R, ve Wollen, N.E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education. Bostan: Mc Grawhill -Hill.
• Fuchs, A., Matonóg, A., Pilarska, J., Sieradzka, P., Szul, M., Czuba, B., ve Drosdzol-Cop, A. (2020). The impact of COVID− 19 on female sexual health. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 17(19), 7152.
• Gashi, F. (2020). A Study on COVID-19 Fear, Anxiety, and Individual Religiosity in the Kosovo Community" in Trabzon Theology Journal., 7(2), 227-262.
• Gencer, N. (2020). Fear of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Among Individuals During the Pandemic: The Case of Çorum" in the International Social Sciences Academy Journal, (4), 1153-1173.
• Harper, C. A., Satchell, L. P., Fido, D., ve Latzman, R. D. (2020). Functional fear predicts public health compliance in the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal Of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(5), 1875-1888.
• Hellewell, J., Abbott, S., ve Gimma, A. (2020). Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts. Lancet Glob. Heal, 8, e488-e496.
• Huynh, T. L. (2020). The COVID-19 risk perception: A survey on socioeconomics and media attention. Econ. Bull, 40(1), 758-764.
• Iorfa, S. K., Ottu, I. F., Oguntayo, R., Ayandele, O., Kolawole, S. O., Gandi, J. C., ve Olapegba, P. O. (2020). COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception, and precautionary behavior among Nigerians: a moderated mediation approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 3292.
• Imamoğlu, R. (2009). Investigation of the Reasons for Choosing Tennis as a Sport among Individuals in Samsun Province" (Unpublished Master's Thesis) at Dumlupınar University, Institute of Health Sciences, Kutahya.
• Jaspal, R., Fino, E., ve Breakwell, G. M. (2022). The COVID-19 own risk appraisal scale (CORAS): Development and validation in two samples from the United Kingdom. Journal of health psychology, 27(4), 790-804.
• Lee, S. H., Baek, Y. H., Kim, Y. H., Choi, Y. K., Song, M. S., ve Ahn, J. Y. (2017). One-pot reverse transcriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) for detecting MERSCoV. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 2166.
• Ornell, F., Schuch, J. B., Sordi, A. O., ve Kessler, F. H. P. (2020). “Pandemic fear” and COVID19: mental health burden and strategies. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 42(3), 232-235.
• Olcucu, B., Erdil, G., Bostancı, O., Canikli, A., ve Aybek, A. (2012). The Reasons for Starting Tennis and Expectations of University-Level Tennis Competition Participants" in the Journal of Sports and Performance Research3(2), 5-12.
• Rodriguez-Besteiro, S., Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., Fernández-Lucas, J., ve Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2021). Gender differences in the COVID-19 pandemic risk perception, psychology and behaviors of spanish university students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 3908.
• Ruane, J.,M (2005). Essentials of researc methods: A guide to social sciene research. Australia: Blackwell Publication.
• Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M., ve Satici, S. A. (2021). Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal Of Mental Health And Addiction, 19(6), 1980-1988.
• Shigemura, J., Ursano, R. J., Morganstein, J. C., Kurosawa, M., ve Benedek, D. M. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 74(4), 281-282.
• Turner, M., Beranek, P., Rogers, S. L., Nosaka, K., Girard, O., ve Cruickshank, T. (2021). Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on mood and training in Australian community tennis players. Frontiers In Sports And Active Living, 3, 1-8.
• Wang, C., ve Zhao, H. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on anxiety in chinese university students. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1168.
• Weisæth, L., ve Tønnessen, A. (2020). Frykt, informasjon og kontroll under en pandemi. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2020, 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0346
• Weston, S., ve Frieman, M. B. (2020). COVID-19: Knowns, unknowns, and questions. mSphere, 5(2), 1-9.
• WHO (2020). Director-general’s remarks at the media briefing on 2019-ncov on 11 february [Internet]. WHO Director General’s Statement, 1–5. https://www.who.int/ directorgeneral/ speeches/detail/ who-director-general-s-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-2019-ncovon-11- february-2020 Erişim Tarihi: 28.09.2021
• Yanez, N. D., Weiss, N. S., Romand, J. A., ve Treggiari, M. M. (2020). COVID-19 mortality risk for older men and women. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-7.
• Yildirim, M., ve Guler, A. (2020). Factor analysis of the COVID-19 perceived risk scale: A preliminary study. Death Studies, 20, 1-8.
• Yildirim, M., ve Guler, A. (2021). Positivity explains how COVID-19 perceived risk increases death distress and reduces happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110347.
• Yildirim, M., Arslan, G., ve Wong, P. T. (2021). Meaningful living, resilience, affective balance, and psychological health problems among Turkish young adults during coronavirus pandemic. Current Psychology, 1(2), 1-12.
• Yıldırım, M., Gecer, E., ve Akgul, O. (2021). The impacts of vulnerability, perceived risk, and fear on preventive behaviours against COVID-19. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 26(1), 3543.
• Yorguner, N., Bulut, N. S., ve Akvardar, Y. (2021). Examining the Psychosocial Challenges Faced by University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Towards the Disease" in the Noro-Psychiatry Archives 58(1), 3-10.